• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.347-352
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• 2013

Seoul National University Flap (SNUF) blade is a small-scaled rotor blade incorporating a small trailing-edge flap control surface driven by piezoelectric actuators at higher harmonics for vibration attenuation. Initially, the blade was designed using two-dimensional cross-section analysis and a geometrically exact one-dimensional beam analysis, and material configuration was finalized. Flap deflection angle of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ was established as the criterion for better vibration reduction performance based on an earlier simulation. Flap linkage mechanism design is carried out and static bench tests are conducted to verify the flap actuation mechanism performance. Different versions of test beds are developed and tested with the flap and chosen APA 200M piezoelectric actuators. Through significant improvements, a maximum deflection of ${\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ was achieved. High frequency experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance and transfer function of the test bed is determined experimentally. As the static tests are almost completed, rotor power required for testing the blade in whirl tower (centrifugal environment) is calculated and further preparations are under way.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 1999

Reconstruction of soft tissue defect of the foot, ankle and distal tibial area has been and remains a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. We treated 19 patients who showed soft tissue defect in these area with distally based superficial sural artery flaps, including four adipofascial flaps, two sensate flaps. The size of the soft tissue defect was from $4{\times}5cm\;to\;8{\times}10cm$. In nine cases, we preserved sural nerve. Seventeen flaps survived completely, but one flap failed and another flap showed partial skin necrosis at the distal half. In failed cases, lesser saphenous vein was ruptured at initial injury. The advantage of this flap is a constant and reliable blood supply without sacrifice of major artery or sensory nerve. Elevation of the flap is technically easy and quick. The pedicle is long and the island flap can be transffered as far as to the instep area. It also has the potential for sensate flap, innervated by the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. But for appropriate venous drainage small saphenous vein must be preserved.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Vomer flap is used to repair anterior hard palate in complete cleft lip and palate patients. As the midline structure located in between the two cleft segments of hard palate, the vomer flap is very useful because of its vicinity to cleft site and their ease of execution when it is done with primary cheiloplasty simultaneously. In addition, the quality of tissue is very similar to that of the nasal mucosa with good vascularity. In cases of simultaneous repair of cleft lip with anterior palate using vomer flap, the hard palate can be repaired at the same time with primary cheiloplasty which is earlier period than other techniques. With simultaneous close of cleft lip and cleft hard palate by vomer flap, subsequent palatoplasty does not require wide dissection, and consequently chance of oronasal fistula formation will be minimized. Additionally, surgical time will be reduced and, the harmful effects on mid-facial growth will be diminished. In this article, we will introduce the comprehensive vomer flap technique with primary lip closure and review the comparative studies of the outcome of simultaneous repair of cleft lip and cleft hard palate with vomer flap.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.337-340
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• 2021

Full-thickness nasal tip reconstruction is a challenging process that requires provision of ample skin and soft tissue, and intricate cartilage structure that maintains its architecture in the long term. In this report, we describe reconstruction of a full-thickness nasal tip and ala defect using a posterior auricular artery perforator based chondrocutaneous free flap. The flap consisted of two lay ers of skin covering conchal cartilage, and was based on a perforating branch of the posterior auricular artery. A superficial vein was secured at the posterior margin. The donor perforator was anastomosed to a perforating branch of the lateral nasal artery. The superficial vein was connected to a superficial vein of the surrounding soft tissue. The donor healed well after primary closure. The flap survived without complications, and the contour of the nasal rim was sustained at follow-up 6 months later. As opposed to combined composite reconstructions using a free cartilage graft together with a small free flap or pedicled nasolabial flap, the posterior auricular artery perforator free flap encompasses all required tissue types, and is similar in contour to the alar area. This flap is a useful option in single-stage reconstruction of nasal composite defects.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2012

Purpose: Arterialized venous flap is useful for reconstruction of the traumatic soft tissue defect in fingers, but insufficient circulation of the traumatic fingers makes surgeons annoying to use the flap. We have grafted flaps in 7 fingers with insufficient vascular bed hoping to expanded the category of the flap. Materials and Methods: Arterialized venous flap have transplanted in 7 fingers from March 2008 through February 2010 and followed up for 4 to 16 months(average 7.2 months). They were all male with a mean age at the time of surgery was 33. The main injury was crushing in 4 degloving, contact burn and saw injury was I respectively. Time interval from injury to flap transplantation was average 3.1. weeks(3 days to 6 weeks). Designed flap size ranges from $8cm{\times}3.5cm$to $4cm{\times}3cm$. Vessel type of flap was one artery with two veins were 5 cases and one artey with one vein 2. Flap type was cutaneous in 3, tendocutaneous 2, neurotendocutaneous 1 and neurocutaneous 1. The circulation state of recipient site was avascular in 2 cases, insufficiency 3 and tip avascular 2. Results: Arterialized venous flap was complete survived in 2 cases, partial necrosis(less than 10%) 3 and failed in 2. Conclusion: An arterialized venous free flap could be a useful procedure for reconstruction in soft tissue or combined defect of the finger despite an avascular or insufficient vascular beds if the recipient beds were free from infection.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2000

Fascia and fasciocutaneous free flaps (using perforators) are adequate reconstructive options with aesthetic and functional advantages, particularly for reconstruction of variable soft tissue defects of the extremities. Although various donor sites have been used for these concerns including temporoparietal fascia, serratus fascia, scapular fascia, fascial component of lateral arm and posterior calf fascia. The authors used temporoparietal and scapular fascia as a free flap for coverage of soft tissue defects and we compare two flap mainly their histologic studies and clinical applications. In our expierience both fascia provide thin, pliable coverage for exposed bone and tendons and provide good postoperative functional restoration on the recipient area. Histologically temporoparietal fascia flap has more rich blood supply and scapular fascia flap is rich in adipose tissue in their composition. In donor site morbidity, both flaps can bring satisfactory results about the donor sites, but the donor site of the temporoparietal fascia flap sometimes revealed conspicious linear scar and transient alopecia in short-haired patients and the scapular fascia flap has a tendency to be wider and thicker in obese patients. After successful application of the both fascia flap as a free flap in 38 patients (25 temporoparietal fascia, 13 scapular fascia) since 1995 ; authors recommend using the temporoparietal fascia flap for women, who tend to have more fat and longer hair, and the scapular fascia flap for men, who tend to be leand & shorter hair.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.655-658
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• 2006

Purpose: The main goals of correcting syndactyly of the hand are to form normal web appearance and to prevent motor dysfunction. We modified the original three-square-flap to improve interdigital web space and to reduce the wound healing problem due to tension. Methods: From July 2005 to February 2006, three cases of moderate to minor syndactyly were treated using modified three-square-flap. These flaps were made in such as way that the A flap from dorsal side, the B flap from the interdigital surface, and the C flap from the volar side. We modified the design of dorsal A flap as a hourglass shape instead of square shape to make normal hourglass shaped interdigital web and to reduce the tension of closure with other two flaps(B and C flap). The B and C flap were made as square shape. Results: During 4 to 10 months follow-up period, acceptable esthetic results were obtained without any specific complication, using our modification of the three-square-flap. Conclusion: Our method showed more satisfactory web appearance and was safe to use even in the cases of syndactyly secondary to burns and post-traumatic scars because of excellent blood circulation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.489-496
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• 2012

Background In Korean women, many of whom have small to moderate-sized breasts, it is difficult to cover a partial breast defect using oncoplastic volume displacement techniques after removal of an adequate volume of tissue during oncologic surgery. In such cases, oncoplastic volume replacement techniques are more useful. Methods From January 2007 to December 2011, 104 women underwent a total of 107 breast-conserving surgeries with various kinds of oncoplastic volume replacement techniques. We used latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap for cases in which the resection mass was greater than 150 g. In case with a resection mass less than 150 g, we used regional flaps such as a lateral thoracodorsal flap, a thoracoepigastric flap, or perforator flaps such as an intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flap or a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap. Results The mean age was 46.1 years, and the average follow-up interval was 10.3 months. The patients underwent oncoplastic volume replacement techniques with a lateral thoracodorsal flap (n=9), thoracoepigastric flap (n=7), ICAP flap (n=25), TDAP flap (n=12), and LD flap (n=54). There was one case of congestion in an LD flap, and two cases of fat necrosis in an ICAP flap. Most of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results. Conclusions Oncoplastic volume replacement techniques can be reliable and useful for the correction of breast deformity after breast-conserving surgery, especially in patients with small to moderate-sized breasts.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2013

Purpose: Breast reconstruction with lower abdominal tissue can produce the best outcome with acceptable rates of long-term complication. However, for cases in which sufficient abdominal tissue is not available, an superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap can be considered as the next option for autologous breast reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Among a total of 63 women who underwent breast reconstruction with free autologous tissue transfer from July 2010 to April 2011, SGAP flap was performed for four patients. In two cases, patients did not have enough abdominal tissue for sizable breast reconstruction. In another case, the patient had a long abdominal scar due to donor hepatectomy of liver transplantation. In the last case, which was a revisional case after radiation necrosis of a previous pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap, a large amount of healthy skin and soft tissue was needed. SGAP flap was elevated in lateral decubitus position. The internal mammary vessels were used for recipient vessels in all cases. Results: Breast reconstruction was performed successfully in all four cases without flap loss. Donor site complication was not observed, except for one case of seroma. The shape of the reconstructed breast was satisfactory in all patients. Conclusion: SGAP flap is an excellent alternative option for the TRAM or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap for breast reconstruction. In terms of narrower width, harder consistency of soft tissue, and shorter pedicle, it is clear that the SGAP flap is less competent than the TRAM flap. However, in cases where abdominal tissue is not available, SGAP flap is the only way of providing a large amount of healthy tissue.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.561-566
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• 2005

Even though it is generalized to perform synchronous lip and nasal correction, there are some cases in need of secondary correction of cleft lip nose deformity. In these procedures, the lengthening of columella plays an important role. We performed eighteen cases of the secondary cleft lip nose deformity correction using two different methods from 1997 to 2003. The central lip flap was used in eight patients and V-Y advancement flap in ten patients. Additional procedures including reverse U-incision, interdomal fixation sutures and suspension sutures were used for correction of combined deformity. Silastic nasal retainers were kept in all patients for 6 months. Both of central lip flap and V-Y advancement flap seems to be a good technique for lengthening columellar soft tissue. But new columella after V-Y advancement flap appeared to be too narrow and a bit unnatural looking and central lip flap left additional scar on the upper lip although it was conspicuous. We think that central lip flap is a better technique in a case with wide philtrum and narrow columella and V-Y advancement flap can be another choice in a columella with sufficient width.