• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 1994

A linear method for determining three-dimensional motion of a rigid object is presented. In this method, two three-dimensional line correspondences are used. By using three-dimensional information of the features and observing that the rotation is unique regardless of the translation vector, the two components of motion parameters (rotation and translation) are computed separately. Also in this paper, the solution is given without a scale factor which is necessary in other methods that use only the two-dimensional projective constraints.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

This study aims to establish the concept about a new approaching method dor remodeling in the planning step. also, this study sets up the way how to approach in a dimensional way by classifying the conceptual composition of the target housing as a method. The dimensional definition is as below. The one dimensional approach: the spot. the two dimensional approach: the line, the three dimensional approach: the apatial mass, the four dimensional approach: space + time, the n dimensional (multi-dimensional) approach: the space + time + emotion. The research findings are as follows : For the purpose of remodeling, the old housing should be viewed in the three dimensional shape and space. It is defined as multi-dimensional module method to design the shape and space of the target housing in a multi-dimensional point, considering the three dimensional space composition, the emotion of the user, the housing itself. and the time of the user.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

This study proposes a thesis of architectural concepts and visual dimension systems, and the comparison between steps of spatial formation and dimensional alteration. The second chapter, to form the basis of this study, explains the dimensional alterations and changes of fundamental notion of space. In the third chapter, history of space, architectural formations, and changes of the viewpoint are analyzed as objects of study. The forth chapter presents the interrelation between dimensional alteration and the transition in fundamental notion of space, demonstrating that modern architecture has been born from these cultural movements. Lastly, the fifth chapter suggests possibilities on further studies and the following conclusions: First, architectural spaces have been changed, in accordance with the changes of culture, art and the tools that regulate architectural design. Proportional regulations by two-dimensional tools and depth through three-dimensional drawings are created. Second, architectural spaces gained depth by recognizing movement and time that have induced formations to change, creating various aesthetic backgrounds and attempts. Third, the aesthetic background and cosmologic spatial concept have led the visualization and changes of architectural experience. It created the design tools and shapes originated in dynamism and vitality. Forth, diversification of fundamental spatial concepts has become palimpsest and complex, and been divided into four dimensions; expressional two-dimensional space, perspective three-dimensional space, forth-dimensional space of time and experience, and imagery space formed by body movement. Fifth, architecture has been influenced by the elevated viewpoint that understands the whole world as a space. It has evolved from the two-dimensional proportion principle, change of depth and vanishing point to multidimensional space of movement and time. Sixth, changes of fundamental notion of space have arisen from changes of visual dimensions in times. In other words, space has been developed from two-dimensional space to multidimensional space by accepting visual dimension, grasping distance, direction, depth, height, velocity, movement, gravity, power and structure.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2020

This paper focuses on the spatial changes that create a three-dimensional or deep feeling on the surface of a scarf centering on the cube shape. Through this, consumers with various tastes were able to satisfy their image presentation. The cube form has simplicity and order and is likely to be used as a formative object. The cube shapes can be expressed in various forms through visual and perceptual spatial changes by presenting various shape changes based on the viewpoint of the two-dimensional silk surface, that is, by changing the eyes' position and orientation. Various visual theorists' discussions about cube-shaped visual changes were discussed. In addition, the three-dimensional spatial illusion caused by the shape and color of Victor Bazaarelli's cube was examined. The cube shape was printed silk surfaces to give a three-dimensional sense of space on a two-dimensional scarf design using the size change, the difference in the length of the line, and the color change. As such, the cube shape has infinite possibilities as a method that can express three-dimensional depth and space on the flat surface of a scarf. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will be applied to various aspects as the basic data for the scarf design that expresses the spatial changes in the form of cubes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2002

We suggests an effective method to construct time-varying C-obstacles in the 3-dimensional configuration space (C-space) using free arc. The concept of free arc was defined mathematically and the procedure to find free arc in the case off-dimensional C-space was derived in [1]. We showed that time-varying C-obstacles can be constructed efficiently using this concept, and presented simulation results for two SCARA robot manipulators to verify the efficacy of the proposed approach. In this paper, extensions of this approach to the 3-dimensional C-space is introduced since nearly all industrial manipulators are reasonably treated ill the too or three dimensional C-space f3r collision avoidance problem The free arc concept is summarized briefly and the method to find lice arc in the 3-dimensional f-space is explained. To show that this approach enables us to solve a practical collision avoidance problem simulation results f3r two PUMA robot manipulators are presented.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.67-70
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• 1991

When analyzing field or optimizing the shape of electrode in three dimensional space by using the surface charge method, we need to divide finely the surface of electrode into surface element like triangle or rectangle. In this case, there exist any variables in field analysis or field optimization. In particular, smoothness on the surface of optimized shape is not good. Recently, A paper is published where introducing NURB curve to field analysis and field optimization about two dimensional space model and axial symmetric three dimensional space model results in reduced variables, enhenced accuracy and improved smoothness. NURB curve has some useful properties like continuity, controllability and locality. Therefore in this paper, in order to improve the demerits of the established optimization method for three dimensional space models, the NURB surface that has same properties in common with NURB curve is used to analyze and optimize simple model.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2006

Many contemporary architectural avant gardes tend to use painting as a medium to create architecture which goes beyond the rationalized spatial conception of modem architecture represented by perspectivism. They produce non perspective drawings to represent spatial Ideas, and expand it through poetic imagination to create an unexpected architectural form and space. This paper attempts to analyze the historical origin and background of dominance of drawing in the production of architecture. It was with the invention of perspective that architectural representation became important tool for architectural production. Thereafter, drawing was considered prior to actual building and architecture was considered a three dimensional realization of two dimensional drawing. Modernist avant gardes such as Cubism shattered the rationalized pictorial space of perspective and found a new pictorial space. They tried to extend it to three dimensional space through parallel projection largely based on the Hildebrand's theory of pure visibility. However, due to the ambiguity of the position of the viewing subject, their attempts could not succeed in creating a new architecture. The new architectural avant garde of the 70's rediscovered the early 20th century avant gardes in their attempt to create a new architecture which can register the fragmented spatial condition of contemporary society, and used painting as a medium to create architecture. Their difference from the early avant gardes was that they used poetic imagination rather than parallel projection in the process of projecting three dimensional space and form from the painting. However, their architecture cannot escape the scopic field of perspectivism in that they rely on the picture plane and the distance between object and viewing subject. Therefore, I conclude that in order to create architecture which goes beyond the rationalized space of modern architecture, it is necessary to resort to other tradition of modern architecture than visual one.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.158-170
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• 2002

Shi가 개발한 불연속 변형 해석은 많은 발전이 있었지만 지금까지의 해석이 모두 평면변형률이나 평면응력을 가정한 이차원으로 이루어진 해석이다. 하지만 불연속면이 기본적으로 삼차원을 형성하므로 이차원으로 해석하는데는 한계가 있다. 삼차원의 불연속면이 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치는 사면, 지하 비축기지 등의 설계에서는 삼차원 해석에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 이 연구에서는 기존 Shi가 개발한 이차원 불연속 변형 해석을 삼차원 불연속 변형 해석의 이론으로 확장하고 프로그램을 개발하여 실제 블록에 적용함으로써 개발된 이론과 프로그램의 타당성을 검증하였다. 개발한 프로그램을 이용하여 일정한 경사를 가진 블록의 미끄러짐과 쐐기의 미끄러짐을 해석하여 이론값과 정확히 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 삼차원 이론확장과 검증을 바탕으로 향후 보다 많은 숫자의 블록에 적용하면서 해석을 할 것이다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제10권4호통권31호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

The unsteady supersonic flow over two- and three-dimensional cavities has been analyzed by the integration of unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) with the k-$\omega$ turbulence model. The unsteady flow is characterized by the periodicity due to the mutual relation between the shear layer and the internal flow in the cavity. An explicit 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme and an upwind TVD scheme based on the flux vector split with the van Leer limiters are used for time and space discritizations, respectively. The cavity has a L/D ratio of 3 for two-dimensional case, and same L/D and W/D ratio of I for three-dimensional case. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 1.5 and 450000 respectively. In the three-dimensional flow, the field is observed to oscillate in the 'shear layer mode' with a feedback mechanism that follows Rossiter's formula. In the two-dimensional simulation, the self-sustained oscillating flow has more violent fluctuation inside the cavity. The primary fluctuating frequencies of two- and three- dimensional flow agree very well with the 2nd mode of Rossiter's frequency. In the three-dimensional flow, the 1st mode of frequency could be seen.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2013

우주파편과의 위험성을 판단하는데 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 것이 충돌확률이며, 현재 널리 사용되고 있는 방법은 최근접거리를 이용한 2차원 선형 충돌확률 계산방법이다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라가 운용하거나 운용을 계획 중인 아리랑 2호, 3호, 5호 위성에 접근하는 물체의 접근 특성을 분석하고, 2차원 선형 충돌확률보다 더 정밀한 3차원 비선형 충돌확률의 특성을 STK/Nonlinear Collision Probability Tool을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 저궤도 위성인 아리랑 위성들에 대해 3차원 비선형 충돌확률의 효용성에 대해 고찰하였다. 분석결과 3차원 비선형 충돌확률은 350m/s 이하의 상대속도 영역에서 효용성이 있음을 확인하였으며, 우리나라 위성의 경우 낮은 상대속도를 가지고 접근하는 경우가 거의 없는 것으로 나타나 실질적으로 3차원 비선형 충돌확률에 대한 효용성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다.