• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

Objectives and Methods : The aim of this study was to investigate twirling and supplementation and draining by analyzing ancient acupuncture literature and modern research papers, and to discuss the quantitative standards for the procedure. Results : Twirling supplementation and draining techniques were first described in Huang do neijing, after which they were recorded in various other ancient acupuncture texts. Not only were these techniques used in the active treatment of patient historically, but they also form the foundations of modern-day acupuncture treatment. Twirling supplementation and draining techniques described in ancient literatures can be divided into Yin and Yang. Examples of Yang characteristics include Up, Male, Morning, Hands, the governor vessel, Outside, and Left. The left rotation technique is a reinforcing method performed by moving the thumb forward while rotating the needle. Examples of Yin characteristics include Down, Female, Afternoon, Foot, the conception vessel(CV), Inside, and Right. The right rotation technique is a reducing method performed by moving the thumb backward while rotating the needle. Twirling supplementation and draining has been divided for four ways by classical literature and research that worked before. the direction of acupuncture, the stimulus-quantity of acupuncture, the performance of doctor(the uses of both hands, left and right hand) and the feeling of patient. Conclusions : Therefore, continuous research is required to implement Twirling supplementation and draining in a consistent manner. In addition, more active clinical trials using the techniques are necessary as well.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

Objectives : The directional supplementation and draining and twirling supplementation and draining have been used widely in oriental medical clinic. The aim of this study is to compare the effects between directional supplementation and draining method and twirling supplementation and draining. Methods : Clinical experiment was performed with 21 students of oriental medical college of Daegu Haany university. Acupuncture was applied at left Hapgok (LI4) with directional supplementation and twirling supplementation respectively, and the thermographic change was checked using DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Image). Results and Conclusion : A significant thermographic change was observed at bilateral Igan (LI2), Yanggye (LI5), Gokji (LI11), and Yeonghyang (LI20) in directional supplementation. A significant thermographic change was observed at bilateral Igan (LI2), Yanggye (LI5), and Yeonghyang (LI20) in twirling supplementation. Based on the thermographic change, it could be demonstrated that directional supplementation is more effective that twirling supplementation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of $Taegye(KI_3)$ acupuncture and acupuncture with twirling method on the blood pressure, cardiomegalic index, plasma levels of renin and atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2KIC). Methods : This study was conducted on one control group and four experimental groups. Control group that had no treatment, Tail group that took tail acupuncture, K-0 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture, K-6 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 6 turns of twirling method, K-9 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method. Results : Blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Cardiomegalic index decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Plasma levels of renin was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture and acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method Ⅳ. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Conclusions : These results suggest that blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2K1C).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.229-246
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• 2008

Objectives : Acupoints of LR1(Dadun)${\cdot}$HT9(Shaochong), KI10(Yingu)${\cdot}$HT3(Shaohai) are used as controlling the diseases from heart problems. Especially, when they are used, tonification or sedation techniques method is taken as a controlling the medication for an early stroke in the Korean medicine. So the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at LR1${\cdot}$HT9, KI10${\cdot}$HT3 on the focal ischemia induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Materials and Methods : The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into five groups (n=7 in each group) : Control group, no therapy group after ischemia induced; AT-1; acupuncture therapy group at LR1${\cdot}$HT9, KI10${\cdot}$HT3 after ischemia-induced. AT-2; acupuncture therapy at right LR1, HT9(forward direction), KI10${\cdot}$HT3(opposite direction) inserting to the direction of route of the each meridian. AT3; acupuncture therapy at right LR1, HT9(twirling forward with the thumb of right hand 9 times), KI10${\cdot}$HT3(twirling forward with the forefinger of right hand 6 times) AT-4; acupuncture therapy at right LR1, HT9(forward direction, twirling forward with the thumb of right hand 9 times), KI10${\cdot}$HT3(opposite direction, twirling forward with the forefinger of right hand 6 times) inserting to the direction of route of the each meridian. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at LR1, HT9, KI10${\cdot}$HT3 were observed by Bax, Bcl-2, mGluR5, Cytochrome c, Cresyl violet and ChAT-stain. Results : The intensity of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were increased in ACU-2 and ACU-4 group but decreased in ACU-3 group. The intensity of mGluR5 was increased in ACU-1, ACU-2, ACU-3 and ACU-4 group. The intensity of cytochrome c was decreased in ACU-3 and ACU-4 group. The density of neurons stained by Cresyl violet and ChAT were increased in ACU-1, ACU-3 and ACU-4 group. Conclusions : Our study suggests that acupuncture therapy of tonification at LR1, HT9 by twirling forward with the thumb of right hand 9times, sedation at KI10${\cdot}$HT3 by twirling forward with the forefinger of right hand 6 times after perpendicularly inserting needle shows anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neuron in focal cerebral ischemia of the stroke in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2004

Background and Objective : Twirling is one of the needling methods, which is frequently used for acupuncture in oriental medicine. Some thesis about needle manipulation has been reported that needle manipulation is more effective than plain acupuncture. So we have developed the auto-controlled twirling needle(ACTN) system which is most simple style of needle manipulation. The present study was conducted to see if ACTN can enhance the antinociceptive effect of acupuncture. Methods : To investigate the analgesic effect of acupuncture we used two pain model. One is acute pain model using tail flick latency(TFL), the other is neuropathic pain model using mechanical allodynia. For TFL test, rats were lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium(40 mg/kg, i.p). To produce mechanical allodynia in the rat tail, the right superior caudal trunk was resected between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves. For plain acupuncture(PA), a needle was inserted into a Zusanli(ST36) for 15min. In combining ACTN with PA, twirling needle was performed once in a second. We measured the difference of analgesic effect of only PA and ACTN on two different kinds of pain. Results and conclusion : ACTN increased TFL more than PA. (15min P<0.001, 25min P<0.01). And ACTN also reduced neuropathic pain (15min P<0.01, 25min<0.05). But PA alone can't reduce the neuropathic pain. These results indicate that ACRN had more analgesic effect than PA. The mechanism that play a key role, and the condition which produce best analgesic effect of ACTN are to be studied further.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2004

Objective: As a manual accupucture method, the twirling-needle treatment has been known more effective in relieving pain than the conventional simple accupuncture treatment. Finding a proper treatment condition is difficult because of the lack of a quantative measurement of the alleviation of pain made by acupuncture. In this research, the authors propose the use of infrared thermal images in a formalin test to quantatively verify the effect of twirling. Methods: After injecting 10%~20% formalin into the tail of rats, the infrared thermal images(ITI) have been obtained to estimate the thermal distribution caused by inflammation. The authors propose a processing method to measure the thermal distribution from the thermal images obtained from the infrared camera as a pain model of the formalin test. Results: The pain model obtained from the infrared thermal image has two phases. The first phase, which is a transient period, is the initial 20 minutes when the pain is developed after the formalin injection. The second phase, which is a steady state, is where the development of pain lasts for 60 minutes or more after the first stage. This characteristic of the proposed model based on ITI is consistent with that of the pain model reported by other researchers whose works are based on the time-course of flinching and licking/biting, following a different concentration of formalin. It is noticed that the response of the thermal distribution obtained from ITI shows very high correlation to the behavioral response in the formalin test performed by Kazuhiro Okuda and four others5). In addition, the authors propose an ITI method to determine the pain-reducing effect of the acupuncture. The thermal distribution obtained from the experiment shows that there is significant pain reducing effect made by the twirling-needle method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2006

Objectives : Acupuncture has been widely used in oriental medicine. The aim of this research is to study how does the interaction between reinforcement-reduction by twirling nine and six and subject's cold or heat tendency effect on Heart Rate Variability. Methods : We divided our subjects into 3 groups at random and classified subjects by their cold or heat tendency using questionnaire for cold-heat patternization. Group 1 is acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reinforcement group, 2 is acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reduction group, 3 in acupuncture at hapkok(LI4) group. According to their group, we acupunctured. Before and after acupuncture Heart Rate Variability raw data were measured during 5 minutes. LF, HF, LF norm HF norm were calculated. We analyzed these data using 3-way repeated ANOVA, Paired student T-Test. Results : 3-way repeated ANOVA showed significant interaction among LF, each group and subject's cold heat tendency(p<0.05). Paired student T-Test showed significant differences between before and after acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reinforcement method in cold tendency men and acupuncture at shinmun(HT7) reduction method in heat tendency men(p<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture at Shinmun(HT7) has an effect on declining sympathetic nerve function and has an effect on stabilizing mind through Interaction between reinforcement-reduction by twirling nine and six and subject's cold or heat tendency. We propose that more prudent care is needed about subject's cold or heat tendency and acupuncture technique of reinforcement-reduction to achieve the most suitable treatment effect.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.478-481
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• 2002

In this paper, the zerotrees of DWT is proposed to be used in a speech based digital watermarking for digital images. Since in this research work the raw speech and its content are used as a watermark signal, in the watermarking scheme, the PCM coded speech signal is embedded into a sequence of images. The performance of the scheme is evaluated by the PSNR obtained from the watermarked images and the strength of attacks the embedded speech signal can survive. Moreover, since in this research work the contents contained in the speech is used to identify the specific information hidden in the embedded signal. The speech signal after being extracted from the watermarked images is played back to the listeners to determine whether its content is intelligible or not. The experimental results show impressive performance of the scheme implementing our proposed technique, judged by the higher robustness obtained form the embedded signal against various types of attack, including brightness/contrast enhancement, Twirling, highpass filtering and JPEG compression standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2018

Cyclonic-dissolved air flotation(Cyclonic-DAF), an advanced form of pressure flotation, applies a structure that enables the forming of twirling flows. This in turn allows for suspended matter to adhere to microbubbles and float to the surface of a treatment tank during the process of intake water flowing through a float separation tank. This study conducted a lab-scale test and pursued geometrical modeling using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to establish a pilot scale design. Based on the design parameters found through the above process, a pilot cyclonic-DAF system($10m^3/hr$) for removing algae was created. Upon developing the pilot-scale cyclonic-DAF system, a type of algae coagulant(R-119) was applied as the coagulant to the system for field testing through which the removal rates of chlorophyll-a and cyanobacteria were evaluated. The chlorophyll-a and harmful cyanobacteria of the raw water at region B, the field-test site, were found to be $177.9mg/m^3$ and 652,500cells/mL respectively. Treated waters applied with 60mg/L and 100mg/L of algae coagulant presented removal efficiencies of approximately 95% and 97%, respectively. The cyanobacteria cell number of the treated waters applied with 60mg/L and 100mg/L of algae coagulant both that were equal to or less than 1,000cells/mL and were below attention level criteria for the issuance of algae boundary.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 2001

Objectives : Sa-am Acupucture(舍岩鍼法), Taeguk Acupucture(太極鍼法), and 8 Constitution-Acupuncture(八體質鍼法) are largely used acupuncture therapies which utilize Yin and Yang, The Five Elements, Interpromoting and Counteracting Relation(相生 相克 關係). We are here to compare and study each acupuncture methods in order to understand their fundamental principle and theory. Conclusion : 1. When prescribing Herb to patients, we can use the Differentiation of Syndromes method(辨證論治). As there is Constitutional Medicine prescription(四象醫學處方) using constitutional Large & Small Relation of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小 關係), in acupuncture treatment we can use the Differentiation of Syndromes method of Sa-am acupucture, applying constitutional Large & Small feature of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小) in Taeguk Acupucture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture we can derive a suitable prescriptions. 2. Taeguk Acupucture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture is an acupunture method created upon the constitutional theory. Taeguk Acupucture lacks a theory and has problems with its practical use. 8 Constitution-Acupuncture has a theory, thus it can give us the chance to make derived diverse prescriptions for each diseases. 3. Sa-am Acupucture uses exclusively Manual technique(手技法), breathing Posa method(呼吸補瀉法), YoungSu Posa method(迎隨補瀉法) and also retaining method(留鍼法). Taeguk Acupunctune is directed related with WonBang Posa method(圓方補瀉法), twirling method(撚鍼法) and uses retaining method. 8 Constitution-Acupuncture works only with YoungSu Posa method and also One-insertion method(單刺法). 4. If we apply The Five Elements of five Su points and Interpromoting and Counteracting Relation(相生 相克 關係), we can control discords between Jang and Bu organs. Sa-am Acupucture, Taeguk Acupture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture which use five Su points can make better results in Jang and Bu organs disease. 5. Sa-am Acupunture needs diverse applications of Organ picture theory(臟象論), Pathogenesis theory(病機學說) and an proper prescription studies by Differentiation of Syndromes(辨證). Taeguk Acupuncture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture has a organized prescription methods by constitutional Large & Small relation of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小), thus we need to focus on objectification in constitutional differentiation.