• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.337-370
• /
• 2011

The academic circle of the Qing Dynasty has seen a new trend, mostly based on Han-Hak through the event of the publication of "Sagojeyo" and sought a new change in the sector of Spring Autumn-Hak as well. This study is focused on understanding and evaluation of the developmental process of especially the traditional Spring Autumn-Hak view, among some views of "Sagojeyo" by the book. "Sagojeyo" does a critical analysis of Gongyang-Hak and Gokryang-Hak and the interpretation of "Spring Autumn" made by Song-Hak scholars, and which seems a kind of preparatory step to build up a new research methodology for Spring Autumn-Hak. "Sagojeyo" emphasizes the importance of "Jwacijeon" and also points out its weaknesses and strongly demands the acceptance of strengths "Gongyangjeon" and "Gokryangjeon" have in order to compensate such demerits. Even further, it tries to evaluate Spring Autumn-Hak of the Song Dynasty objectively and reasonably as possible with no prejudice. Such analysis attitude made it possible for Spring Autumn-Hak to get a new turning point starting from the publication of "Sagojeyo". The new research methodology that comprehensively judges historical research and fidelity discourse could be one of important achievements discovered in the Han-Hak-centered academic circle in the early Qing Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2018

This study compares the differences of the fit factor by the order of wearing preference between Particulate filtering facepiece respirators(PFFR) and glasses when participants wore simultaneously and a survey of physical and visual complaint. Recognition level about fit of respirators was investigated and the educational (before- and after-) effect of the fit factor. When participants wore PFFR and glasses, physical complaints were nose pressure, slipping, nose and ear pressure, ear pressure and rim loosen, the most highly physical complaints were nose pressure. Visual complaints were demister, blurry vision, dizziness, visual field, and lens dirty, the most highly visual complaints were demister. But, there was significant difference in physical complaint such as nose pressure(10.3%), slipping (23.0%), nose and ear pressure(14.3%), and rim loosen(16.2%), visual complaint such as visual field(13.8%) and lens dirty(32.4%). For the recognition of fit of respirators, respirators fitness, leak site, an initial point and an object, faulty factor, recognition level was higher. Fit factor was increased after education of proper wearing of respirator. Change of the fit factor was smaller compared to the normal breathing and after 6 actions in case of after education. Questionnaire consisted of general characteristics and physical/visual complaint, recognition of fit. Complaints were measured after the QNFT with multiple choices. Quantitative fit factor was measured by device and compared the result of (before- and after-) educational effect. Also, we selected to 6 actions (Normal breathing, Deep breathing, Bending over, Turning head side to side, Moving head up and down, Normal breathing) among 8 actions OSHA QNFT (Quantitative Fit testing) protocol to measure the fit factors. The fit factor was higher after the training (p=0.000). Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon analysis were performed to describe the result of questionnaire and fit test. (P=0.05) Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the quantitative research such as training program and glasses fitting factor about the wearing of PFFR and glasses simultaneously.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2016

The period after the PhD has a huge impact on the careers of researcher from a researcher lifecycle perspective. This is a turning point which student receives guidance from professor and become an independent researcher. Furthermore, they learn to develop ideas for independent research, apply for grants and manage a project; they also form expert networks in related filed and publish papers to share their findings. This study focuses on the period between earning doctoral degree and being employed as a stable position in university. This study starts from a research questions that asks which factors of postdoctoral experience affect research output. In this study, the paper performance, especially co-authorship of paper, of postdoctoral researchers was investigated. The cumulative advantage theory and Matthew effect were employed to shed a light on this research question. The empirical work is based on the Survey & Analysis of National R&D program in Korea conducted by Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP). The correlations between the research output and characteristics of postdoctoral experience were verified. These results are expected to contribute as new empirical evidences on investigating knowledge transfer activities of new PhDs.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.47-74
• /
• 2002

Since the Economic Crisis at the end of 1997, unemployment rate soared up to the record-high 8.6% (February 1999) and, for youth aged 15~29, it was 14.6% (27.8% for aged 15~19). In spite of economic recovery after the crisis, new participants in labor market at the school-to-work transition have faced with difficulties in finding their first jobs and, even further, the ratio of youth at out-of the labor force but not in school has remained at a higher level. It is important to calibrate the negative effects of nonemployment in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but there has been few study on the school-to-work transition in Korea. This study focus on the nonemployment duration to first job after formal education and comparison of its pattern before and after the crisis. A proportional hazard model, considering job prenaration before graduation (21.4% of the sample), with the semi-parametric baseline hazard is applied to the sample from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey(1998~2000) and its Youth Supplemental survey(2000). Interview of the Survey is conducted, by the Korea Labor Institute, to the same 5,000 household and 13,738 individual sample, guaranteeing nationwide representativeness. The Supplemental Survey consists of 3,302 young individuals aged 15 to 29 at the time of survey and 1,615 of them who are not in school and provide appropriate information is used for the analysis. The empirical results show that there exists negative duration dependence at the first three or for months at the transition period and no duration dependence since a turning point of the baseline hazard rate and that unemployment rate reflecting labor demand conditions has a positive effect on exiting the nonemployment state, which is inconsistent with a theoretical conclusion. Estimation with samples separated by the date of graduation before and after the crisis shows that the effect of unemployment rate on the hazard was negative for the pre-crisis sample but positive for the post-crisis sample.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1995

As Korean traditional peasant farming has come to a commercialization since 1970s, the spatial structure of Korean agriculture also has been gradually restructured by principle of not subsistance but economy. This epochal transformation of agriculture and its spatial structure in Korea are comparable with the first agricultural revolution in Europe. Facing this turning point, it is essential to redefine the nature and significance of agricultural geography in Korea through the review of the outcomes of about 200 studies published since 1950s in Korea of which twelve is concerned with locational analysis. The purpose of this study is to review the trend and characteristics of location studies on Korean agriculture. Major findings are as follows: (1) Since 1950s the location studies of agriculture recorded only 12 papers which occupy no more than 6% of studies of agricultural geography in Korea. This fewness suggests that the location study of agriculture in Korea is yet at the stage of beginning. (2) In spite of the fewness the studies, carried out mainly in 1980s, contributed considerably to clarify the locational characteristics of Korean agriculture especially in the spatial variations of crops, dairy farming and cropping system, the impacts of agricultural labors, the location strategy of mountain agriculture, and the responses of farmers to hazard. (3) In approach and methodology, two thirds of the studies has taken traditional empiricist view and other, positivist. And most studies adopted classic and neo-classic locational theories as their theoretical base in description and explanation. In degree of development, the location studies of agriculture in Korea seems to be about 20 years delayed compared to that of the advanced countries in terms of approach and methodology. (4) Such tradition of the location studies reflects not only the conservative nature of agricultural geography of Korea but also the early stage of capitalism of Korean agriculture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.34 no.3 s.116
• /
• pp.120-138
• /
• 2006

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2020

Since the third inter-Korean summit, the inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang and the U.S.-North Korea summit in Singapore and Hanoi, denuclearization negotiations are under way that will determine the fate of the Korean Peninsula. However, the negotiations are stalled and some skepticism is expected due to the conflicting U.S.-North Korea stance over the terms of denuclearization. The reason why it is difficult to realize the complete denuclearization of North Korea is that there are a variety of variables such as the traditional security dilemma in Northeast Asia, the hegemonic competition between the U.S. and China, and the formation of a new cold-war system. At a turning point when three inter-Korean summits and three U.S.-North Korea summits were held in the wake of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, North Korea's complete denuclearization has become a must-do historical task for Northeast Asia and world peace beyond the Korean Peninsula. In this sense, the inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang is seen as a historic occasion for presenting a new milestone for the denuclearization of North Korea and the development of inter-Korean relations through the 9.19 Pyongyang Joint Declaration and the Military Agreement. Meanwhile, Constructivism, which has become the main paradigm of international political theory, presents the view that ideological variables such as ideology, history and culture define material factors, identity and interests of state actors, and that the structure of international relations can be changed through interaction. In this study, the historical meaning of the 9.19 Pyongyang Declaration, which is now past its first anniversary, was considered from a constructivist perspective. To this end, the development process of constructivism theory and analysis model and the development process of inter-Korean relations were briefly reviewed, and the military implications of the 9.19 Military Agreement were presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.3
• /
• pp.348-356
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to give the results of economic feasibility of industrial forest plantations, and also A/R CDM project in Indonesia to investors. In order to analyze economic feasibility of the industrial forest plantation and A/R CDM project, this study comparatively analyzes the feasibility based on three following scenarios: industrial plantation type; A/R CDM type; combination type of industrial plantation and A/R CDM project. In the aspect of IRR, the combination type has 11 % while the industrial plantation type has 8%. If the price of timber increases USD $5/m^3$ (from the standard price: USD $30/m^3$ to USD $35/m^3$), IRR of the industrial plantation type will increase from 8% to 14%. This result shows us that the IRR of the industrial plantation type is very sensitive to the price of timber. There is no economic feasibility of A/R CDM project if the price of lCER is under USD 5. In addition, IRR of the A/R CDM project type is the same to IRR of industrial plantation type (8%) when the price of lCER is USD 10. Finally, the total investment expenditure on 12,000ha of the combination type is approximately 13 billion won while the industrial plantation type is 13.6 billion won. It takes 11 year to reach the turning point in terms of profitability of the combination type while the industrial plantation takes 13 year. Thus, the economic feasibility of the combination type is higher than the other types(industrial plantation type and A/R CDM project type).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2013

This study attempts interpretation of vertical montage expressed in assoziation montage focused on animation, Paprika. Montage has been continuously studied by Pudovkin, Eisenstein, Jacques Aumont and others till now. However, existing studies focused on the visual image of montage. Image is made of visual element and aural element. These two interact with each other and maximize the effect. It is believed that the study subject can be approached in more depth, if aural elements would be analyzed based on the assoziation montage which analyzed visual image in previous studies. Accordingly, this study explores and analyzes how vertical montage has been used in logical montage and optical conflict montage and what meanings they generated. The analysis results suggested followings. In logical montage and optical conflict montage, vertical montage complemented visual image by natural concurrence as a whole. Vertical montage also showed linked relationship, which reflects overall emotion by melodious concurrence. In addition, when there was melodious concurrence at certain time, place or unclear space, the elements showed continuity which made them link with relationship. However, when the role that cuts that continuity, in other words, when the tonal element, which let audience partially immerse, would be properly used when the space and time would change or get reversed, the effect was maximized. It also expressed a turning point of an event and enhanced the concentration of audience on the characters.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.5-31
• /
• 2000

The summit meeting of the South North Korean leaders was a turning point in the relationships between the two countries. It was followed by the Red-Cross Meeting, Minister-Level Meeting, economic agreements, which have increased the relationship more colorful in both quantities and qualities. However, the half-century period for separation was too long to overcome all the problems by only one event. The two countries have quite different social systems; one politically strong person is governing the North, while many interest groups are involved in political decision making processes in the South. In short, it would take a long time to settle down all the problems residing between the two countries. A system dynamics model is developed to describe the long term dynamics of the relations between the South and North Koreas. As a first attempt, the model focuses only on the diplomatic meeting issues between the South and North. The model aggregates diplomatic issues into 5 categories; economic issues, security issues, infrastructure, cultural issues, and past problems. It assumes that there would not be any dramatic changes between the two countries. It is a conceptual model composed of around 200 variables, and should not be used as a forecast tool. However, it captures most of the logics discussed in the papers and conferences concerning the South and North Korea relations. Many sensitivity studies and Monte Carlo simulations have shown that the simulation results matches with mental models of experts; that is the model can be used as a learning tool or as a secondary opinion until the data required by the model is collected. In order to analyze the current situation, five scenarios are simulated and analyzed; the functional approach, the conditional approach, the balanced approach, the circumstantial approach, and the strategic approach. The functional approach represents that the South makes efforts in the area where the possibility of agreement is high for the next 10 years. The conditional approach is a scenario where the South impose all difficult issues as conditions for resolving other diplomatic issues. The balanced approach is resolving the five issues with the same priorities, while the circumstantial approach is resolving issues which seem to be resolved easily. Finally, another optimum approach has been seek using the system dynamics model developed. The optimum strategy (it is named as the strategic approach) was strikingly different from other four approaches. The optimum strategy is so complicated that no one could find it with mental model(or by just insights). Considering that the system dynamic model used to find the optimum is a simplifind (maybe over simplified) version of the reality, it is concluded that a well designed system dynamics model would be of great help to resolving the complicated diplomatic problems in any kind.