• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2005

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.329-335
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• 1996

Rehmannia Radix is a thick tuberous root about 3-6 cm diameter. The tuberous root is repared for medicine. The material in the fresh state is shengdihuang (生地黃). The material in the dried state is gandihuang (乾地黃). Shudihuang (熱地黃) is made by taking juicy roots, washing them in millet wine, steaming on a willow frame in a percelain vessel, drying, and resteaming and redrying nine times. The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effect of Rehmannia Radix Water extracts on the plasma renin activity and plasma levels of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in rats. The results of study were as follows: Plasma renin activity was not changed after administration of Rehmannia Radix water extracts. Plasma levels of aldosterone was decreased significantly after administration of Shudihuang (熱地黃) water extracts. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after administration of Shudihuang (熱地黃) water extracts.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

In this experiment, we report for the first time mass propagation by in vitro mircrotuberization of Codonopsis lanceolata. We first examined the effect of cytokinins on multiple shoot induction. 2.0 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of kinetin not only gave the highest rate of shoot induction (19.1%) but also the elongation of shoot (17.1 mm). Secondly, we investigated the effect of sugars on in vitro microtuberization from nodal segments. The diameter of tuberous roots was enlarged in the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 145.9 mM sucrose. Histological analysis revealed that the number of parenchymatous cell containing starch grains increased in the tuberous roots. In addition, unlike in non-tuberous root, vascular bundles were scattered inner cortex layer. Thirdly, in order to preserve and stimulate the germination, microtubers were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ refrigerator during 9 months and then transplanted to the artificial soils (vermiculrite : peatmoss = 1:1 v/v), resulting that the rates of survival and germination were 75% and 70%, respectively. These results indicated that mass propagation of C. lanceolata was achieved by in vitro microtuber formation, suggesting that this protocol might be applied for not only the propagation of elite clones but also conservation of C. lanceolata germplasm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.184-185
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2012

In order to improve storability of subtropical yam produced in South Korea, the major pathogens found during the storage were isolated and identified of the pathogenicity, and rot inhibition effect was studied based on the curing treatment condition. Penicillium sclerotigenum and Penicillium polonicum were identified as major pathogens causing rot in subtropical yam during storage, and P. sclerotigenum had stronger pathogenicity. Only the cut surface which has been made during a harvest and has been made smooth before curing generated a normal callus layer. The cut surface of tuberous root was cured in 95% of relativity humidity for three days at $23^{\circ}C$, and cured at $28^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$. The observation of callus layer showed that the $23^{\circ}C$ treatment group had similar color saturation between tuberous root and pellicle, while the groups treated above $28^{\circ}C$ showed clear distinction. The generation rate of callus 0.5mm or bigger was 93 percent at $28^{\circ}C$ treatment, 96% at $33^{\circ}C$ treatment, but was 52% at $23^{\circ}C$ treatment. The conventional curing treatment group that used wind or sunlight at room temperature created little callus layer. The infection rate of pathogens according to the relative humidity inside the storage room was low at 40% and 60% of humidity, and the curing treatment period did not make a difference. When the humidity inside the storage room was 80%, all treatment groups rapidly increased the fungal pathogens. The rotten rate of each treatment was studied after 180 days during which the storage temperature was maintained at $16^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 60%. While the rotten rate of tuberous root that has been cut in conventional curing treatment based on solar and wind was 43%, the one cured at over $28^{\circ}C$ and created the callus layer was less than 18%. While even a healthy tuberous root showed 25% of rotten rate in the traditional treatment group, the one cured at over $28^{\circ}C$ was less than 10%. The weight loss was 1-6% lower in the forced treatment group than in the conventional treatment group.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2021

The Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the major food crops in the tropical or subtropical regions. Recently, clean planting materials of improved cassava cultivars are in high demand. Problems in the propagation of cassava are virus vulnerable and low rates of seed germination. Thus, the study was undertaken to develop an efficient in vitro mass propagation protocol of Manihot esculenta Crantz. So we tried to optimize protocols for mass production from axillary buds of Cassava. Young and actively growing stem segments were excised from adult plants of cassava. Samples were cut into a 3~4 cm nodal segments with axillary buds, and cultivated in the different medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators for 4 weeks. For shoot multiplication, axillary buds approximately 1 cm in length were taken from in vitro derived shoots and subcultured. After 4~6 weeks, the shoot generation rate showed 55.6%. The shoot number and its length was 1.0/explant and 2.3 cm in the most favorable medium composition. The auxin β-indolebutyric acid(IBA) 0~2.0 mg/L was proved to be effective on root development. Plantlets with fibrous roots easily generated tuberous roots in vitro. The tuberous roots were induced only when both kinetin and IBA were used in combination. after 8 weeks, the root generation rate showed 100%. The root number and its length was 17.2/explant and 2.2 cm in the most promising medium composition. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of plantlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2021

Yacon [Samallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson], a member of Compositae plants, has sweet taste and crisp texture. Unlike other Andean root crops such as potato and sweet potato, the cultivation area of yacon has increased recently, since it is known to have large content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Since there are no yacon varieties bred in Korea, we have been trying to create new genetic resources using gamma-ray. The optimal gamma-ray dosage for mutation breeding in yacon was investigated. Crown bud and green bud of yacon were exposed to doses of gamma rays from 20 Gy to 80 Gy, and subsequently planted in a greenhouse. After 50 days of sowing, the survival rates and growth decreased rapidly at doses above 40 Gy, while all of crown bud individuals died above 60 Gy. The median lethal dose (LD50) of crown bud and green bud was 22.4 and 36.6 Gy, and the median reduction doses (RD50) for plant height, fresh weights, and tuberous root weight were 20-40 Gy, respectively. A dose of 20-40 Gy was found to be optimal for mutation breeding in yacon. Considering the growth factors, the optimum doses were determined to be within the range of 20-40 Gy for the selection of useful mutant lines. M2-M3 mutant lines were obtained from 20-60 Gy gamma-ray-irradiated M1 plants through clonal propagation. These mutant lines will be used for the development of a new variety of yacon plant with high FOS and no crack tuberous root.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of envrionmental factors on the ecological responses, yield, and quality properties and physicochemical characteristics of yacon cultivated in various regions of Korea. Experiments were carried out in eight regions from 2010 to 2013. The temperature range in Jinbu, Bonghwa, Cheolwon, and Gangneung during the growth period of yacon cultivation was $17.5-24.6^{\circ}C$. The total yield and marketable yield of tuberous root in Jinbu were 4,065 and 3,196 kg/10a, respectively. The sugar content of yacon tuberous roots comprised 0.11-0.20% fructose, 0.11-0.37% glucose, 0.39-0.68% sucrose, 0.07-0.37% reducing sugar, and 7.03-9.62% fructo-oligosaccharides. The content of fructo-oligosaccharides, which is a functional substance, was the highest in yacon cultivated in Jinbu. Based on the productivity and functional fructo-oligosaccharides, the optimum areas to cultivate yacon are Jinbu and Bonghwa, which are located in the middle-highland zone (500-560 m) and have a suitable growth temperature of $18-25^{\circ}C$. The results of the present study indicate that temperature could be the factor with the greatest influence on the root growth of yacon.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2005

From the tuberous root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.(Ranunculaceae), the main root is called as common monkhood mother root and the later root is called as the prepared aconite root. From the prepared aconite root. Looking at the processing method of the prepared aconite root, it is divided into Yeombuja (prepared aconite root processed in salt) and heuksoonpyeon (baekbupyeon) following the processing method after removing the soil and this is a way of processing the prepared aconite root without damage it. The recently produced raw prepared aconite root is easily damaged, thus it shall be preserved in salt to have the crystal shape on the surface of the prepared aconite root and store and transport in firmly solidified yeombuja condition. Therefore, yeombuja shall remove the salt before use and requires processing for use but heuksoonpyeon or baekbupyeon may use immediately. For the succession of the unique processing techniques of our ancestors, there has to be studies on the techniques. Prepared aconite root is generally used as holy medicines to cure the yang depletion syndrome, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, and obstruction of qi in the chest syndrome. However, they are the substances with toxicity. It is contemplated that the contents of processing are broadly understood through the document on the processing method, and based on such foundation, the systematic set and proof on the documents are made along with the addition of the contemporary scientific theory and technology to develop the traditional processing technology to maximize the treatment effect and safety of prepared aconite root. In this study, the historic data and records on the processing method of latteral root of aconitum carmichaeli Debx will be rearranged to contribute to the standardization of medicinal herbs, maximization of efficacy and minimization of the side effects.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 1998

Lasiodiplodia theobrorme is a pathogen of Java black rot on sweet potato. This fungus infects the tuberous root during storage after harvest. Invasion of the fungus results in the expansion of necrosis sites into the tuberous roots. The resultant necrotic symptom of the tissue is also induced by application of acetone extract of the fungus growing on potato sucrose agar (PSA) culture. The active principles to induce the necrosis are purified from the acetone extract as follows. After evaporation of hexane-benzene-EtOAc (1:2:1, v/v/v) the extract was fractioned on silica gel column, using a solvent gradient system from n-hexane to EtOAc and then to MeOH. The active fractions were purified with HPLC on Nucleosil 50-5 column by eluting n-hexane to EtOAc. Their structures are established by using spectroscopic techniques and synthesis to 4-hydroxymellein and mellein, respectively. Application of small amount of these compounds induce expansion of the necrotic symptom into the tissue and accumulated ipomeamarone. Conclusively, these compounds acted as phytotoxins (inducing necrosis) and as elicitors (eliciting the phytoalexin).