• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2011

Elsinoe fawcettii is one of major pathogenic fungi which cause citrus scab diseases, resulting in fruit blemishes that reduce the economic value of fruit. By increasing interest to safe products of crops, the alternative methods of disease control is highly required. We investigated whether the 215 bacterial strains isolated from Jeju Island possess antifungal effect or suppression effect on the symptom development by Elsinoe fawcettii on citrus. Among them, three bacterial strains THJ 609-3, MRL408-3, and TRH423-3 that exhibited antifungal capacity against Elsinoe fawcettii were selected. To illustrate the disease suppression mechanism, pre-inoculation with the selected bacterial strains was carried out whether could suppress the citrus crab on the leaves. The observation with a fluorescence microscope revealed that the selected bacteria could decrease the number of fungal spores. The ratio of germ tube formation was also decreased by the selected bacterial strains at one day after fungus challenge. The strain THJ 609-3 was identified as Pseudomonas putida as a result of analyzing the internal transcript spaces of the rhizobacterial rDNA. The strains MRL 408-3 and TRH 423-3 were identified as Burkholderia gladioli. Our results may be valuable when the selected rhizobacterial strains used as the environment-friendly microbe for biological control on citrus scab caused by Elsinoe fawcettii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1348-1352
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• 2004

More than 200 Bifidobacterium sp. originated from human intestine were investigated for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Of the Bifidobacteria tested, 1 of culture type strain and 12 isolated strains from Korean infants showed CLA producing ability. cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid presented more than 90% of the total CLA isomers produced by the Bifidobacteria. CLA content in fermented milk by Bifidobacterium sp. KHU 141 increased by 39.6 mg/l00 g, which showed the potential use for producing fermented milk containing high content of CLA. In fermented milk, little changes showed in lauric acid, myristric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid contents, whereas the content of linoleic acid (LA) decreased and the content of CLA increased. Bifidobacterium sp. KHU 141 converted 86.0% and 84.8% of LA consumed to CLA for 24 hr and 48 hr fermentation, respectively. Prolonging incubation from 24 to 48 hours did not appear to enhance CLA formation and CLA producing ability was stable whether bottle, test tube, or fermenter was used for making fermented milk by Bifidobacterium sp. KHU 141.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.105-118
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• 2006

Two of the essential processes required for metastasis are neoangiogenesis and tumor cell invasion of basement membranes (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, data showed that herbs removing blood stasis has an anti-angiogenic effects. Tonifying vital Qi and eliminating pathogenic factor was a basic modality in Oriental oncology. In this study, we investigated several Qi and Blood tonics for potent angiogenic inhibitors. Methanol extracts of samples inhibited the proliferation of ECV-304 at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Zizyphi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix decreased the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 from ECV-304, at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in gelatin zymography. In in vitro invasion assay, herbs inhibited the invasion activity of ECV-304 by 53% of control (Ginseng Radix), 39% (Zizyphi Fructus), 36% (Angelicae Gigantis Radix), 25% (Glycyrrhizae Radix). Ginseng Radix inhibited the capillary-like tube formation of ECV-304 at the concentration of 160 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba inhibited at the concentration of 320 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. These results indicated that Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Angelicae Gigantis Radix could be considered as potent angiogenic inhibitiors.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.698-713
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• 1999

Adherence of Candida albicans(C. albicans) to the surface of a denture is believed to be an initial and essential step in the formation of denture-induced stematitis. Previous studies have provided enormous infomation on the relationship between composition of palatine gland/parotid saliva and upper denture stomatitis. Relatively little information is available on the correlation between lower denture stomatitis and sublingual-submandibular ( SLSM ) saliva. The plaque samples were collected from the two sites($100mm^2$) on the inner surface of lower partial denture corresponding to the stematitis and healthy region of the lower partial dentures of 12 denture stomatitis patients and 6 nor-mal persons who wore lower partial dentures. The samples were plated to isolate C. albicans on a selective Saboraud's dextrose agar plate and the isolates were identified by germ tube test and gram staining. The subjects were divided into group I (stomatitis with C. albican), group II (lesion without C. albicans), group III (no lesion but C. albicans), and group IV (normal and healthy denture wearer). Individual SLSM saliva($20{\mu}g$ of protein) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (SDS -poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis) with Coomassie brilliant blue and PAS(Periodic Acid Schinff) stain-ing. The salivary proteins separated in the polyacryamide gels were subjected to immunoblot anaysis using anti-lactoferrin, anti-sIgA, and anti-secretory component of sIgA. In this study using custom made acrylic denture resin beads(5mm in diameter) coated with stimulated individual SLSM saliva, the binding ability of individual C. albicans strains to the beads was observed. Levels of C, albicans adhered to the acrylic resin beads were determined by measuring the optical density of the bound C. albicans to the beads at 580nm. The results showed that a higher number of C. albicans was observed in the lesion site than healthy site. The saliva of group I contained more high molecular weight glycoprotein(mucin, MGI) as compared to group II, III and IV. And lactoferrin and sIgA affected to the binding ability of C. albicans to acylic resin beads. Binding ability of individual C. albicans to the acrylic resin coated with respective individual saliva was found to be greater in group I than the other 3 groups. And when bound cells of C. albicans isolated from individual subject #2 to the saliva coated beads were used binding ability of subject #2 saliva coated beads was founed to be greater than the other sutjects. These results suggested that denture induced stomatitis is related to individual patient's salivary protein composition, especially MG-1. Future studies will be directed toward saliva exam-ination of patients who have general disease and analysis of pellicles formed on prosthesis with respect to oral disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

Dysphagia is common and serious problems in post-stroke patients. The post-stroke dysphagia with aspiration is associated with dehydration, malnutrition, pneumonia, sepsis and death. Up to date, gag reflex and choking history used to decide the aspiration in clinical. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aspiration and to choice the proper meal formation using by video fluoroscpic swallowing study(VFSS) with post-stroke dysphagia patients. 58 post-stroke patients and ten normal person participated to perform the VFSS with liquid type, puding, yoplait, rice mixed with barium(Ba). Two rehabilitation medicine doctors and a radiological technologist analysed the phase(oral, pharyngeal, esophageal phase)with video film, and checked the pharyngeal transition time(PTT). 38 patients showed abnormality in pharyngeal phase, 13 patients in oral and pharyngeal phase, 3 patients in oral phase, and 2 patients in pharyngeal and esophageal phase. 43 patients(65.2%) occured the aspiration, but 23 of 43 patients improved by the chin tuck position. Aspiration occured 34 patients in liquid type, 2patients in rice gruel and nothing in boiled rice. After VFSS, 13 of 23 patients change the intaking pathway from nasogastric tube(NGT) to oral, On the contrary with 3 of 42 patients from oral to NGT. Consequently VFSS is clearly effective to evaluate the aspiration with post-stroke dysphagia patients.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.544-550
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• 2013

This work investigated the environmental application of an underwater dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor consisting of a porous hydrophobic ceramic tube to the decolorization of an azo dyeing wastewater. The reactive species generated by the plasma are mostly short-lived, which also need to be transferred to the wastewater right after the formation. Moreover, the gas-liquid interfacial area should be as large as possible to increase the decolorization rate. The arrangement of the present wastewater treatment system capable of immediately dispersing the plasmatic gas as tiny bubbles makes it possible to effectively decolorize the dyeing wastewater alongside consuming less amount of electrical energy. The effect of discharge power, gas flow rate, dissolved anion and initial dye concentration on the decolorization was examined with dry air for the creation of plasma and amaranth as an azo dye. At a gas flow rate of $1.5Lmin^{-1}$, the good contact between the plasmatic gas and the wastewater was achieved, resulting in rapid decolorization. For an initial dye concentration of $40.2{\mu}molL^{-1}$ (volume : 0.8 L; discharge power : 3.37 W), it took about 25 min to attain a decolorization efficiency of above 99%. Besides, the decolorization rate increased with decreasing the initial dye concentration or increasing the discharge power. The presence of chlorine anion appeared to slightly enhance the decolorization rate, whereas the effect of dissolved nitrate anion was negligible.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1152-1156
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• 2007

The Camella japonica flower(CJF) extract was studied for their anti-angiogenenic and anti-cell adhesion effect. CJF-extract inhibited the tube formation on human umbilical vein endotherial cells(HUVEC) with butanol extract by 70.2%, acetone extract by 54.2%, ethyl acetate extract by 37.0%, chloroform extract by 21.2%. Cell adhesion molecules were effectively suppressed at different concentration of CJF at 50, 100, 200 ug/well such as for intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM) by 5.9%, 29.4% and 52.9%, for vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM) by 12.5%, 43.8% and 62.5%, for E-selectin by 7.1%, 21.4% and 35.7%, respectively. Signal molecules of vascular endotherial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2), ${/beta}$-catenin and PI3K are inhibited by different concentration of CJF at 10, 20 and 30 ${\mu}g/mL$ with western blot. Angiogenesis will be inhibited with suppressing NF-kB molecule resulted in signal molecules blocked by CJF. CJF will be useful materials for treatment of angiogenesis related diseases such as cancer, metastasis, rheumathioid arthritis and obesity.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to prove the angiogenesis effects of WhaYoungJiTongTang (hereinafter referred to as the 'WYJTT'). For the study, by utilizing liver cancer cell line; SK-HEP-1, lung cancer cell line: A549, stomach cancer cell line: AGS and bovine capillary endothelial cell: BCE, the effects of the WYJTT on toxicity and proliferation ability of cells and the effects on anti-angiogenesis of bovine capillary endothelial cell and of mice's aorta were studied. 1. Cell viability assay In comparison with the control group, when $100{\mu}g/ml$ of WYJTT was injected, the viability was reduced in SK-Hep-1, $400{\mu}g/ml$ in A549 and $200{\mu}g/ml$ in AGS. 2. Cell proliferation assay In comparison with the control group, when $600{\mu}g/ml$ of WYITT was injected, DNA synthesis was reduced to 35.1% in the SK-Hep-1, 56.0% in A549, and 25.8% in BCE (bovine capillary endothelial cell); and when $400{\mu}g/ml$ was injected, DNA synthesis was reduced to 12.1 in AGS. 3. Tube formation assay In the event that BCE is injected with WYJTT in each of its content gradient, the anti-angiogenesis was effective in amounts of $400{\mu}g/ml$ with 6 hours of the treatment. 4. Aortic ring assay In comparison with the control group, the angiogenesis was restricted to the remarkable degree in amount of $200{\mu}g/ml$: 10% in $400{\mu}g/ml$; and fully inhibited in each of $800{\mu}g/ml$ and $1600{\mu}g/ml$. As a result of the experiments mentioned above, WYJTT showed its anti-angiogenesis effects against cancer cell line.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.266-271
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• 2007

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used as a monomer for production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The annual production of BPA exceeds 640,000 metric tons in worldwide. BPA, a suspected phenolic endocrine disrupter, is moderately soluble and frequently detected in industrial wastewater. To date, HPLC and GC has been used for BPA analysis. However, HPLC and GC-analysis need high operation lost, experts, and an elaborate pre-treatment of samples, and is difficult to apply on-time and mass analysis. Therefore, simple, mass and rapid detection of BPA in environments is necessary. In the present study, spectrophotometric method of BPA quantification was developed. Based on blue-color product formation with BPA and ferric chloride/ferricyanide under the optimized conditions, the standard curve was acquired $({\lambda}_{750}=0.061\;BPA\;[{\mu}M]+0.07155,\;R^2=0.992)$. Using an established method, the BPA contents in the soil extract, and different water samples and living products, including disposable syringe, cup and plastic tube, were analyzed. The results suggested that the method is useful for BPA determination from different massive samples. Since the BPA metabolites, nontoxic 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, did not form blue-color product, this method is also useful to screen a microorganism for BPA bioremediation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.622-625
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• 2010

Inflammatory polyps in feline ear are nonneoplastic, inflammatory growths that arise from the middle ear or the eustachian tube and extended into the pharynx or external ear canal. Two 2-year-old female Russian blue cats showed 2-3 weeks history of aural discharge, crust formation in external ear, and head or ear shaking. Two masses were surgically excised from ear canal, and submitted for diagnosis. Histopathologically, these masses were covered with hyperplastic ciliated epithelium or nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium with partial erosion and ulceration. The core of masses was consisted of proliferated connective tissue and massive infiltration of mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemically, about 90% of infiltrated mononuclear cells demonstrated CD3 positive T cell. According to both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR, tissues samples were negative for feline viral pathogens. Based on the clinical, gross, histopathologic findings, these two cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps originated from the middle ear in cats.