• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to acquire basic data regarding the mycelial growth characteristics for the artificial cultivation of Coprinus comatus. 12 URP primers were employed to evaluate the genetic relationships of C. comatus, and the results were divided into three groups. Among six kinds of mushroom media, MYP medium was selected as the most favorable culture medium for C. comatus. The optimal temperature and pH ranges for the mycelial growth of C. comatus were $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ and pH 6${\sim}$8, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen sources for optimal mycelial growth were sucrose and tryptone, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2016

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with plants roots and acquire significant amounts of nitrogen sources from the soil. For artificial cultivation, mass production of ectomycorrhizal fungi in liquid media is required. We studied the edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms Hygrophorus russula, Ramaria fumigata, Sarcodon aspratus, and Tricholoma matsutake. All strains except S. aspratus NIFoS 2031 grew generally well on modified Melin-Norkran's (MMN) medium compared to on other media. All strains analyzed in this study showed significantly higher growth on organic nitrogen. Specifically, two strains of H. russula significantly responded to both tryptone and neopeptone media. Among different species and strains, there were clear differences in the capacity to grow on animal-based organic nitrogen sources.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.328-334
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• 1997

A bioflocculant producing bacterium for wastewater treatment was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus jensenii. The bioflocculant was supposed as a polysaccharide. Lactobacillus jensenii YW-33 produced the flocculant with highest activity in the medium composed of 2% sucrose, 0.05% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.01% K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, 0.01% KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, 0.01% NaCl, 0.005% MnSO$_{4}$, 5H$_{2}$O and 0.2% Tween 80. The optimal culture pH and temperature were 7.0 and 25$\circ$C, respectively. In the time course of production with jar fermentor, the productivity of the flocculant was increased in proportion to the cell growth and the cultivation time for maximum production was 24 hrs, showing flocculating activity of 1,130 units per ml.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

Bacteriocin ST311LD is approximately 2.3 kDa in size. Low levels of bacteriocin activity were recorded in BHI and M17 broth (800 AU/ml) and in $10\%$ (w/v) soy milk (3,200 AU/ml). No bacteriocin pro-duction was recorded in $10\%$ (w/v) molasses, despite good growth. Optimal levels (12,800 AU/ml) were detected in MRS broth which had been supplemented with tryptone (20.0 g/l), saccharose (5.0 or 10.0 g/l) or vitamin C (1 ppm). Increased potassium levels did not result in higher levels of activity, and glycerol (1.0 g/l) inhibited the production of bacteriocin ST311LD.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 1984

To examine stability and a separate quantitative method of a mixed preparation of lactic acid bacteria, a capsule containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus was suspended and diluted in sterile water. After the diluted suspension was spread on three media of tryptone glucose extract agar, MRS agar and MRS-sucrose agar, their colonies appeared and were counted. The viable counts exceeded the minimum number of the three bacteria and showed that the mixed preparation was stable at least for 18 months. The results also showed that a separate quantitation of viable cells of the each strain was feasible.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2008

Bacteria that antagonize plant pathogenic fungi were isolated from the sediment soil at the Ansan industrial estate. One isolate of them showed growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cenerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. This strain was identified as Pandoraea sp. based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics and termed Pandoraea sp. BCNU 315. Tryptone as nitrogen source and sucrose as carbon source were found to be most effective for the microbial growth. In addition, the optimum temperature and pH for microbial growth were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. The substances generated from Pandoraea sp. BCNU 315 were purified and analyzed by column chromatography, HPLC, GC-MS and NMR. As a result, one compound was determined to be indole, another compound was predicted as cyclopentadecaheptene. Detailed structural clarification of the all of the rest six compounds from Pandoraea sp. BCNU 315 has to be accompanied in the further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.684-688
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to search for the best strain as a source of L- $\alpha$-glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO) production and to establish the process technology for the purification of GPO on an industrial scale. The GPO was produced by culturing Streptococcus faecium, and purified by ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The relative activity was 60 units/L for 5. faecim ATCC 12755, 65 units/L for 5. faecium ATCC 19634, and 67 units/L for 5. faecium $M_{74}$.LC, respectively. The optimum condition for fermentation was $37^{\circ}C$ for temperature, 300 rpm for stir rate, 0.5 L/min for aeration rate and 17 hours. The main culture medium prepared by the modified AC medium. AC medium consists of 0.1% glucose, 0.2% glycerol, 1.0% tryptone and 1.0% yeast extract, 0.5% $K_2HP0_4$, pH 7.0. The GPO was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange column chromatography, The yield and purity were 17.2% and 5.3 fold, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2000

Analysis of Production of Thermostable Alkaline Protease using Thermoactinomyces sp. E79. Jung, Sang Won, Sung-Sik Park, Yong-Cheol Park" Tae Kwang Oh2, and Jin-Ho Seo*, Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea, 1lnterdisciplinary program [or Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Seoul National Univer5it}~ Seoul 151 "7421 Koreal 2Microbial Enzyme RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Po. Box 1151 Yusong, Taejon 305"6001 Korea - This research was undertaken to analyze fermentation properties of Thermoactinomyces sp. E79 for production of a thermostable alkaline protease, which is able to specifically hydrolyze defatted soybean meal (DSM) to amino acids. TIle optimum pH for cell growth and protease production was pH 6.7, Thermoactinomyces sp. E79 did not grow at pHlO Among carbon sources tested, soluble starch was the best for protease production, while glucose repressed protease production. Tryptone was found to be the best nitrogen source for cell growth and soytone was good tor protease production. Oxygen transfer rate played an important role in producing thermostable alkaline protease. Ma'<..imum values of 6.58 glL of dry cell weight and 43.0 UJmL of protease activity were obtained in a batch fermentation using a 2.5 L jar fermentor at 1.93 X 102 hr-l of volumetric oxygen transfer coeff'jcient (kLa). Addition of 200 mgIL humic acid to the growth medium resulted in 1.64 times higher protease activity and 1.77 times higher cell growth than the case without humic acid addition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.960-968
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• 2003

A bacterial isolate showing a strong endochitosanase activity was isolated from soil and then characterized. The isolate was identified and designated as Bacillus cereus P16, based on morphological and biochemical properties, assimilation tests, cellular fatty acids pattern, along with 16S rRNA gene sequence. The optimized medium for producing extracellular chitosanase in a batch culture contained 1% tryptone, 0.5% chitosan, and 1% NaCl (pH 7.0). Powder chitosan and tryptone served the best as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the chitosanase production. Chitosanase activity was the highest when culture was completed at $37^{\circ}C$ among various temperatures ($20-42^{\circ}C$) tested in a shaking incubator (200 rpm). The levels of chitosanase activity in the culture fluid were 2.0 U/ml and 3.8 U/ml, respectively, when incubated in a flask for 60 h and in a jar fermenter for 24 h. The culture supernatant showed a strong liquefying activity on the soluble chitosan. The viscosity of 1% chitosan solution, that was incubated with the culture supernatant, was rapidly decreased, suggesting the secretion of endochitosanolytic enzymes by P16. The culture fluid revealed six endo-type chitosanase isozymes, two major (38 and 45 kD), and four minor (54, 65, 82, and 96 kD) forms by staining profile. The crude enzymes were very stable, and full activity was maintained for 4 weeks at $4^{\circ}C\;or\;-20^{\circ}C$ in the culture supernatant, suggesting a highly desirable stability rate for making an industrial application of the crude enzymes. The supernatant also cleaved the insoluble chitosan powder, but the hydrolysis rate was much lower. The enzymic degradation products of chitosan contained $(GlcN)_n$ (n=2-8). The concentration of chitosan in the reaction mixture of the crude enzyme affected the chitooligosaccharides composition of the hydrolysis products. When the higher concentration of chitosan was used, the higher degree of polymerized chitooligosaccharides were produced. By comparison with other commercial chitosanase preparations, P16 was indeed found to be a valuable enzyme source for industrial production of chitooligosaccharides from chitosan.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2003

Lactic acid bacteria with amylolytic and acid producing activities can ferment starch directly to lactic acid thereby producing a monomer for the production of biodegradable poly lactic acid (PLA). In this study, the strain producing L-lactic acid from soluble starch was isolated from Nuruk. The isolated strain was identified as Enterococcus sp. through its morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and named Enterococcus sp. JA-27. Enterococcus sp. JA-27 produced exclusively L-lactic acid from soluble starch as a carbon source. The optimal conditions for the maximum production of L-lactic acid from Enterococcus sp. JA-27 were 30 C, pH 8, 1.5 % soluble starch as a substrate and 3.5 % tryptone as a nitrogen source, 0.1 % $K_2$$HPO_4$, 0.04 % $MgSO_4$. $7H_2$O, 0.014 % $MnSO_4$$.$4$H_2O$, 0.004% $FeSO_4$$.$$7H_2$O. Batch and fed batch culture were carried out and the former was more effective. L-Lactic acid production in the optimum medium was significantly increased in a 7 L jar fermenter, where the maximum L-lactic acid concentration was 3 g/L. For the purification of lactic acid in fermented broth, two stage ionexchange column chromatographies were employed and finally identified by HPLC.