• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 2005

Summary of Background Data: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common painful muscle disorder caused by trigger points occurring in myofascial. MPS is a major cause of chronical pain and is the subject of further clinical examination. Purpose: To uncover effective intramuscular stimulation therapy (IMS), the patients' actively participation stretching exercise and stabilizing around shoulder girdle where trigger point provoking myofascial pain syndrome in usually occurred. Methods: 45 myofascial pain syndrome patients were randomly chosen and divided into 3 groups. The first group (G1) received only IMS therapy, The second group (G2) had both IMS and active stretching exercises administered and the final group (G3) was given IMS therapy and stabilizing exercises. Therapy intervention was given for 3 weeks, 3 times a week and then only stretching exercise for the second group and stabilizing exercise for the third group was given for another 3 weeks. The visual analogue scale was dine before the experiment, 3 weeks after the experiment and 6weeks after the experiment to measure subjective degrees of pain and pressure pain threshold to measure sensitivity improvement of trigger point and functional ability questionnaire to measure daily life performance. Results: There were no significant changes after 3 weeks but after 6 weeks, between GI and G2 and between G1 and G3 showed significant change of pain, pressure pain threshold and daily life performance. There were significant improvement of the measurement of degrees of pain, pressure pain threshold and improvement of daily life performance at different times for G1 showed change 3 weeks after the experiment, but there were no changes 6 weeks after the experiment. There were significant improvement of the measurement at different times for G2 and G3 showed change 3 weeks after the experiment and 6 weeks after the experiment. Conclusions: IMS therapy proved to be effective in inactivation of trigger points of the myofascial pain syndrome patients and stretching and stabilizing exercises beside it keep remedial value longer by improvement of pain and dysfunction that occurred by the trigger point.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2015

In this study, Multi-Array Electrodes (MAE) and Programmable Multi-channel Electrical Stimulator (PMES) were implemented for firing Trigger Points (TPs) of the patient with Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS). MAE has 25 Ag/AgCl electrodes arranged in the form of array ($5{\times}5$) fabricated with flexible pad, which are applicable to be easy-attached to curved specific region of the human body. PMES consisted of 25 channels. Each channel was to generate various electric stimulus patterns (ESPs) by changing the mono-phasic or bi-phasic of ESP, On/Off duration of ESP, the interval between ESP, and amplitude of ESP. PMES hardware was composed of Host PC, Stimulation Pattern Editing Program (SPEP), and Multi-channel Electrical Stimulator (MES). Experiments were performed using MAE and PMES as the following. First experiment was performed to evaluate the function for each channel of Sub- Micro Controller Unit (SMCU) in MES. Second experiment was conducted on whether ESP applied from each channel of SMCU in PMES was focused to the electrode set to the ground, after applying ESP being output from each channel of SMCU in PMES to MAE.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2011

The aim of our study was to evaluate the immediate effects of an 830-nm Aluminium gallium arsenide (GaAlAs) laser, by examining the changes, in pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and tenderness at 3 kg of the myofascial trigger point (MTrP) of the upper trapezius muscle in visual display terminal (VDT) workers in comparison with placebo treatment. Thirty VDT workers (13 males, 17 females) with complaints of upper trapezius muscle were recruited. All participants were given either active GaAlAs laser (830 nm wavelength, 450 mW, 9 J at point) or placebo GaAlAs laser, according to the double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial. Both active and placebo low-level laser therapy (LLLT) treatments showed no significant effect on PPT and tenderness at 3 kg. These results suggest that a higher dosage may be necessary to produce immediate effects when applying LLLT to the MTrP of relatively large muscles such as the upper trapezius muscle.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호통권29호
• /
• pp.36-50
• /
• 1995

Acupuncture is so effective and simple to use in the pain and dysfunction syndrome of TMD. Acupuncture treatment is a point-specific. So, the selection of acupuncture point is very important. According to the traditional meridian theory, we select the points; local points around TMJ and mastication muscles(ST6, ST7, GB20, GB21) and remote point(LI4). And if there is another pain, one or two other points are added. Both neural and humoral mechanism play an important role in acupuncture analgesia. The discovery of spinal gate mechanisms shows somatic stimulation can induce pain inhibition. Humoral mechanism has been established from the discovery of opioid receptors and endogenous opioids. Acupuncture induces a relaxation in the patient, which further decreases the muscle tension.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한예방의학회 1996년도 제48차 추계 학술대회 연제집
• /
• pp.407-408
• /
• 1996

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 1996

To investigate the effect of low level laser therapy, the author selected 37 dental students with tender points in both masseters and trapeziuses, also measured maximum comportable opening(MCO), Numerical analog scale(NAS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). 20 subjects were assigned randomly and were treated with GaAlAs diode laser after ultrasound. The other 17 subjects were treated with ultrasound and laser without irradiation. All the subjects were treated after 2 and 4 day respectively and were examined again after 6 days. And the obtained results were as follows : 1. The MCO of irradiated group increased more significantly after treatment than non-irradiated group. 2. The NAS of irradiated group decreased more significantly after treatment than non-irradiated group. 3. The PPT or irradiated group increased more significantly after treatment than non-irradiated group.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 1992

For pain relief my collegue and I used thin acupuncture needles as electrodes in electric stimulation. The needles were inserted into a trigger point and into another point located in the same muscle instead of meridian points of electro-acupuncture. Low frequency electric stimulation was given through the needles to 130 patients for 15 min. The results were as follows In 25 acute sprain patients electric stimulation was given $3.14{\pm}1.12$ times and the pain was reduced on the average by $83.00{\pm}6.77%$ (VAS). In 45 chronic sprain patients electric stimulation was given $5.51{\pm}1.38$ times and the pain was reduced on the average by $70.22{\pm}8.98%$ (VAS). In 28 myofascial pain syndrome patients electric stimulation was given $6.22{\pm}1.25$ times and the pain was reduced on the average by $66.48{\pm}8.75$(%). In 7 muscle contraction headache patients electric stimulation was given $4.14{\pm}1.57$ times and the pain was reduced on the average by $75.00{\pm}9.57%$ (VAS). In 25 radiculopathy patients electric stimulation was given $4.73{\pm}1.131$ times and the pain was reduced on the average by $21.37{\pm}9.31%$ (VAS). We he conclude that electric stimulation therapy using acupuncture needles is very effective in acute sprain, chronic sprain, myofascial pain syndrome and muscle contraction headache. Any doctor with knows anatomy and trigger points can practice this method without studying oriental medicine or difficult acupuncture techniques.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2022

Background: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is the most common type of temporomandibular disorder. This study compared the efficacies of low-level diode laser therapy (LLLT) and laser acupuncture therapy (LAT) in the treatment of MPDS. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial included 24 patients with MPDS who were randomly divided into two equally sized groups. Patients in the LLLT group received 12 sessions of low-level diode laser irradiation applied to the trigger points of the masticatory muscles during 1 month. The same protocol was also used in the LAT group according to the specific trigger points. We measured pain intensity and maximum mouth opening in both groups at baseline, during treatment, and 2 months after treatment completion. Results: The pain intensities decreased from 6.58±1.31 to 0.33±0.65 and from 7.08 ± 1.37 to 0 in the LLLT and LAT groups, respectively. The maximum mouth openings increased from 32.25 ± 8.78 mm to 42.58 ± 4.75 mm and from 33 ± 6.57 mm to 45.67 ± 3.86 mm in the LLLT and LAT groups, respectively. Pain intensity (P = 0.839) and level of maximum mouth opening (P = 0.790) did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Our results showed similar efficacy between LLLT and LAT in the treatment of MPDS signs and symptoms.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.112-116
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 고장발생 초기에 초전도 전류제한기를 구성하는 초전도 소자의 ��치발생을 검출하여 고장전류의 경로를 별도의 상전도 전류제한기로 우회시킴으로써 초전도 전류제한기의 회복시간을 단축시킬 수 있는 초전도소자의 트리거를 이용한 초전도 전류제한기의 전류제한 및 회복특성에 대해 분석하였다. 고장전류 크기를 조절하기 용이한 구성요소로 상전도 전류제한기의 저항크기에 따른 초전도 전류제한기를 구성하고 있는 전력용스위치의 개방시점과 투입시점의 변화를 비교하였으며, 분석을 통해 상전도 전류 제한기의 저항이 증가할수록 초전도 전류제한기를 구성하는 전력용스위치의 복귀시간이 길게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제10권7호
• /
• pp.1229-1236
• /
• 2006

오늘날 원격강의와 고객서비스를 위한 응용시스템은 그룹 중심의 멀티캐스트 서비스에 대한 지원이 필수적이다. 이를 위해서 인터넷은 IP 멀티캐스트를 표준 프로토콜로 수용하고 있다 IP 멀티캐스트는 네트워크 복제 모델를 사용함으로서 호스트와 네트워크의 리소스를 효율적으로사용하는 반면 멸티캐스트 서비스를 지원하도록 인터넷의 구조를 확장해야 하고 공개된 IP주소를 그룹식별자로서 사용하기 때문에 보안에 취약하다. 이의 해결을 위해서 본 논문에서는 응용계층에서 트리거를 사용한 멀티캐스트 모델을 제안한다. 트리거 기반 멀티캐스트 모텔은 송신과 수신기능의 분리를 통해서 인터넷 서비스의 확장성과 보안성 그리고 서비스 품질을 보장하고 응용시스템의 신뢰성을 높여줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.