• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to provide basic data regarding the bacterial total plate count in the atmospheric environment for related studies. Methods: Total plate count and the identification of culturable bacteria in the atmospheric environment in Incheon took place in 2015 using periodic survey. Correlationship analysis was performed between the number of culturable bacteria and environmental elements. In addition, an estimation of novel bacterial species was undertaken using the similarities and phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene. Results: The total plate count of culturable bacteria was on average $176CFU/m^3$, and did not exceed $610CFU/m^3$ in the atmospheric environment. Periodic monthly measuring of total plate count was highest in June at $293CFU/m^3$, while the lowest was in July at $125CFU/m^3$. Furthermore, as a result of the identification of culturable bacteria, the genera Arthrobacter and Kocuria were dominant, while novel bacterial taxa that belong to the genera Chryseobacterium and Herbiconiux were separated. Conclusion: The total number of culturable bacteria from the atmospheric environment in Korea is on average $176CFU/m^3$. In addition, the genera Arthrobacter and Kocuria dominate. The presence of novel bacterial taxa are expected in the atmospheric environment, such as belonging to the genera Chryseobacterium and Herbiconiux.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2015

The preservation has been conducted for wooden ship timber excavated from Bonghwang-Dong, Gimhae, Korea. The species were analyzed for conservation as pre-treatment. Outer panel was analyzed as Cinnamomum spp. and trapezoid wooden material, wooden wedge was Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.. Wooden ship timber have been treated by vacuum-freeze drying after impregnation with aqueous PEG#3,350 solution(almost 45%). The timber of Bonghwang-Dong ship is considered as Japanese ship that many data such as conformation of ship, location of site, japanese artifact of around site were confirmed. In addition, The ship timber give us the important information about the international trade with Japan.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.193-206
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• 2022

Astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is an important fruit crop in Korea; it possesses significant medicinal potential. However, knowledge regarding the pathogens affecting this crop, particularly, viruses and viroids, is limited. In the present study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (HTS) were used to investigate the viruses and viroids infecting astringent persimmons cultivated in Korea. A one-step multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) method for the simultaneous detection of the pathogens was developed by designing species-specific primers and selecting the primer pairs via combination and detection limit testing. Seven of the sixteen cultivars tested were found to be infection-free. The RT-PCR and HTS analyses identified two viruses and one viroid in the infected samples (n = 51/100 samples collected from 16 cultivars). The incidence of single infections (n = 39/51) was higher than that of mixed infections (n = 12/51); the infection rate of the Persimmon cryptic virus was the highest (n = 31/39). Comparison of the monoplex and mRT-PCR results using randomly selected samples confirmed the efficiency of mRT-PCR for the identification of pathogens. Collectively, the present study provides useful resources for developing disease-free seedlings; further, the developed mRT-PCR method can be extended to investigate pathogens in other woody plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.252-262
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• 2013

During the floristic survey on Phnom Bokor National Park, Kampot, Cambodia, we encountered Balanophora fungosa var. indica, which is a tropical holoparasitic plant. To identify its host species, we collected host roots and trees nearby and tried to identify them using DNA barcoding approach. We applied plastid rbcL and matK gene regions as DNA barcode markers, and successfully amplified and sequenced the markers from 15 host roots and seven tree samples. Obtained host root sequences were identified as Primulaceae, Celastraceae, Myrtaceae, and Oleaceae, while trees nearby are Oleaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapindaceae, Rosaceae, Clusiaceae, Ericaceae, and Lauraceae. At genus level, host species are identified as Myrsine, Euonymus, Syzygium, and Olea, but failed in species discrimination. Myrsine (Primulaceae) and Olea (Oleaceae) are reported here as host species of B. fungosa var. indica for the first time. Further sampling and comparative work, and DNA barcoding will help recognize the biodiversity of the area and host species of Balanophora, together with their evolution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1999

Morphological variations in leaves and leaf trichomes according to tree age were investigated for the identification of Quercus taxa at the different stages of development. The sizes of leaves from one-year-old seedlings of Q. serrata, Q. dentata, and Q. aliena were the smallest and increased with tree age. Blade length, blade width, petiole length, number of serration, and serration depth war also varied with tree age. Therefore, the examined taxa by the size and form of leaves were hardly identified at juvenile stages. The type, structure, and density of leaf trichomes of each species varied remarkably along with tree age. Three types of trichomes such as small stellate hairs, large stellate hairs, and long single hairs were observed on the abaxial side of leaves of Quercus taxa. In matured trees of Q. serrata both small stellate and long single hairs on leaves were observed. On the other hand large stellate hairs were found in leaves of Q. dentata. There were small stellate hairs in Q. aliens. In Q. mongolica var. crispula, no hair or small stellate hairs were occasionally found. It is possible to identify Q. serrata and Q. dentata by the characteristics of trichome even at two to three year old seedlings, while, it is difficult to tell Q. aliens and Q. mongolica var. crispula of seedlings from other taxa only by those of trichome.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2008

Taeniasis has been known as one of the prevalent parasitic infections in Korea. Until recently, Taenia saginata had long been considered a dominant, and widely distributed species but epidemiological profiles of human Taenia species in Korea still remain unclear. In order to better understand distribution patterns of human Taenia tapeworms in Korea, partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) were determined, along with morphological examinations, on 68 Taenia specimens obtained from university museum collections deposited since 1935. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-preserved specimens. Phylogenetic relationships among the genotypes (cox1 haplotype) detected in this study were inferred using the neighbor-joining method as a tree building method. Morphological and genetic analyses identified 3 specimens as T. solium, 51 specimens as T. asiatica, and 14 specimens as T. saginata. Our results indicate that all 3 Taenia tapeworms are sympatrically distributed in Korea with T. asiatica dominating over T. saginata and T. solium.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2019

This study investigated the relationship among seven species of trichoderma through the identification of strains collected in Korea. The phylogenetic tree among the collected strains was classified into four groups. The trichoderma strains isolated in this way showed inhibitory effect on the fusarium wilt which is parasitic to cotyledon stem..The invisibility of J9, J10, J13 and J16 strains were higher in comparison with other strains in vitro test stand, and their spore production level was also higher. In the aluminum ring tests, it showed that the yield of the spores in J9, J10 and J13 were more than any other strain. As a result conducting the port test for cucumbers, the plant lengths of J13 were larger than the control plot, and the root lengths of all strains, except for J2 were longer than the control plot, and the root weights of J1, J9, J10, J13 and J16 were larger than the control plot. The disease severity for the fusarium wilt showed the smallest values at J13 and J16 in comparison with the control plot, and the control values of J13 and J16 were higher than other strains.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.569-581
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• 2023

The morphology and genetic identification of Rasbora lateristriata and Rasbora argyrotaenia between cultivated and wild populations has never been reported. This study compares morphology and cytochrome c oxidase (COI) genes between farmed and wild stock Rasbora spp. in Java and Sumatra island, Indonesia. We analyzed the truss network measurement (TNM) characters of 80 fish using discriminant function analysis statistical tests. DNA was extracted from muscle tissue of 24 fish specimens, which was then followed by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, fixation index analysis, and statistical analysis of haplotype networks. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis validated the following species: R. lateristriata and R. argyrotaenia from farming (Jogjakarta); Rasbora agryotaenia (Purworejo), R. lateristriata (Purworejo and Malang), Rasbora dusonensis (Palembang), and Rasbora einthovenii (Riau) from natural resources. Based on TNM characters, Rasbora spp. were divided into four groups, referring to four distinct characters in the middle of the body. The phylogenetic tree is divided into five clades. The genetic distance between R. argyrotaenia (Jogjakarta) and R. lateristriata (Malang) populations (0.66) was significantly different (p < 0.05). R. lateristriata (Purworejo) has the highest nucleotide diversity (0.43). R. argyrotaenia from Jogjakarta and Purworejo shared the same haplotype. The pattern of gene flow among them results from the two populations' close geographic proximity and environmental effects. R. argyrotaenia had low genetic diversity, therefore, increasing heterozygosity in cultivated populations is necessary to avoid inbreeding. Otherwise, R. lateristriata (Purworejo) had a greater gene variety that could be used to develop breeding. In conclusion, the middle body parts are a distinguishing morphometric character of Rasbora spp., and the COI gene is more heterozygous in the wild population than in farmed fish, therefore, enrichment of genetic variation is required for sustainable Rasbora fish farming.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.247-260
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• 2014

To identify the species of Trichogramma occurring in the corn fields of Korea as egg parasitoids of Ostrinia furnacalis, we sequenced the full-length of ITS2 nuclear rDNA from 112 parasitoids collected during this study. As a reference to distinguish species, we also retrieved full-length ITS2 sequences of 60 Trichogramma species from the NCBI GenBank database. On the basis of the size and 3'terminal sequence pattern of the ITS2 sequences, the Trichogramma samples collected in this study were divided into three groups (K-1, -2, and -3). Evolutionary distances (d) within and between groups based on ITS2 sequences were estimated to be ${\leq}0.005$ and ${\geq}0.080$, respectively. In the net average distance between groups or species, the d value between K-1 and T. ostriniae, K-2 and T. dendrolimi, and K-3 and T. confusum was the lowest, with values of 0.016, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree, K-1 and K-2 were clustered with T. ostriniae and T. dendrolimi, respectively. However, K-3 was clustered with three different species, namely, T. confusum, T. chilonis, and T. bilingensis. NCBI BLAST results revealed that parasitoids belonging to K-1 and K-2 showed 99% identity with T. ostriniae and T. dendrolimi, respectively. Parasitoids in K-3 collected from Hongcheon showed 99-100% identity with T. confusum and T. chilonis, and one parasitoid in K-3 collected from Gochang had 98% identity with T. bilingensis, T. confusum, and T. chilonis. On the basis of these results, we infer that the species of Trichogramma collected in this study are closely related to T. ostriniae (K-1) and T. dendrolimi (K-2). However, it was not possible to distinguish species of K-3 using the ITS2 sequence alone.