• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-54
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• 2000

Pitch canker of Pinus rigida, caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, was first noticed in Inchon, Korea, and is now being spread into other plantations of pines. Typical symptoms re resin flows from canders on the shoots, branches, and trunks, and resin-soaking of the sap wood under the bark. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from the infected shoots, branches, and sees on Fusarium-selective medium. Mycelial growth and microscopic characteristics were examined. Pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculating four common species of pines (P. rigida, P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. koraiensis) in Korea. P. rigida and P. thunbergii showed symptoms identical to those of naturally infected trees, while P. densiflora and P. koraiensis remained free symptomless.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Domestic oak trees of Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata were harvested from several forest sites and their green moisture contents, green specific gravities and fiber lengths were compared. The green specific gravities of Quercus serrata trees showed differences between the forest sites at 5% significance level while those of Quercus variabilis didn't. In the radial direction the green specific gravities of Quercus variabilis gradually increased from pith to bark. There was no discrepancy of the green specific gravities between the sapwood and heartwood of Quercus variabilis. And no difference of fiber length was found between individual trees and tree heights for both species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-125
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• 2002

Oligotoma saundersii(Westwood, 1837) was recognized on the bark of Pachira aquatica Aubl.(Bombacaeae), an ornamental tree growing in greenhouse, Seoul, Korea. The morphological characteristics and biology of O. saundersii are presented. This is the first record of the order Embiidina in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.385-389
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 산불발생 시 온실가스의 배출량을 추정하기 위한 기초 연구로서 산림연료의 연소에 따른 탄소배출량을 분석하였다. 산림연료는 소나무를 대상으로 생엽, 가지, 수피 등 부위별로 연소실험을 수행하였으며, 콘칼로리미터를 이용하여 일산화탄소와 이산화탄소의 배출량을 분석하였다. 중량 50g의 연료 기준, 일산화탄소의 배출량은 1.8~4.0g 정도였으며, 이산화탄소의 배출량은 49.3~84.7g 정도를 나타냈다. 부위별로 큰 차이를 나타냈는데 수피는 생엽과 가지보다 상대적으로 많은 일산화탄소와 이산화탄소를 배출하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1986

This study was conducted to bring light on inducing factors for non-sprouting occured in the mulberry field of Kyungpook Province in 1983. The results are as follws ; 1. In spring, winter buds were suddenly died during germination, necrosis appeared in pholem and cortex of non-sprouting stem and measles at the bottom of non-sprouting stem. 2. The depth of available of soil was more shallow in the non-sproutiong field than in healthy field. 3. There was no signifioant difference between the healthy field and non-sprouting field in siol PH, the content of organic matter, available phosphorous and exchangeble cations. 4. Available boron content in soil was significantly more in healthy field than in non-sprouting field. 5. Boron content in leaf and bark was significantly lower in the non-sproutiong tree than in the healthy tree. 6. The non-sprouting fields were completely controlled by the application of 6kg/10a borax. 7. Cold tolerance of the mulberry tree was higher in the mulberry tree with boron than in the mulberry tree without boron. 8. Mulberry tree in Kyungpook Province in 1983 may absorb water earlier compared with the average year because of high temperature at the end of March, 1983 and they had been damaged by frost injuary due to the lowest temperature (-6.4$^{\circ}C$) on the grass at the beginning of April 1983. As the above results, non-sprouting bud in the mulberry fields of Kyungpook Province in 1983 had been occured by low temperature and boron deficiency and boron deficiency of mulberry trees accelerared the frost injury.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 1999

Heavy metals(Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in tree rings of P. thunbergii growing at Onsan Industrial Complex of air polluted area were analyzed to study the condition of heavy metal pollution. The tree ring width began to decrease after operation of factories and decreased abruptly at Onsan Industrial Complex after 1991. Cd contents in tree rings showed 119.4ppb to 867.0ppb level and suddenly increased after 1991. Cu contents showed 309.5ppb to 3686.8ppb, and Pb contents 911.33ppb to 7997.1ppb and fluctuations of those were high after operation of factories. Zn contents showed the highest level of 3528.7ppb to 23826.7ppb and largely ascended after 1960, and increased suddenly after 1992, as compared to former tendency. On the other hand, heavy metal contents in tree rings of P. thunbergii at Gosung of non-air polluted area were far lower than Onsan I. C., and there was a wide difference between both areas after 1990. On the heavy metal contents accumulated in bark of P. thunbergii of both areas, it was higher to 10 times in Cd, 1,000 times in Cu, 285 times in Pb and 133 times in Zn contents at Onsan than at Gosung. In the heavy metal analysis for circle plate and cores, heavy metal contents in cores were generally higher than those in disk and Pb contents showed specially high difference, but pattern of variation by tree age showed a similar tendency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2006

Chestnut trees have been severely damaged by the various cankers in Korea. Field surveys for elucidating the relationships between disease occurrence and environmental factors, i.e., tree age, temperature, rainfall precipitation, direction, degree of slope, chemical properties of soils, and so on, were carried out in the chestnut tree plantations located at Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Chungnam, and Gyeonggi-Do Province. Totally, one thousand and one hundred thirty seven trees from 36 experiment plots were investigated. Trees infected by at least one of the canker fungi were estimated up to 66%. The most severely infested area was Sunchon in Jeonnam Province with the rate of 80%, while the most lightly infested area was Kongju in Chungnam Province with 39%. Disease occurrence was found to be highly correlated with tree age. The disease occurred most frequently on trees ranged from 7 to 12 years old, while it was relatively low on trees below 5 years old or above 25 years old. Canker positions on the tree formed by the pathogenic fungi were most often at 1.6-2.0m above the ground. Over five hundreds bark samples from the canker area on the tree were collected and the pathogenic fungi were isolated. The most commonly isolated fungus was identified as Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.347-357
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• 2019

This study evaluated the raw materials for spawning Perenniporia fraxinea, to eliminate urushiol. The growth rates of spawns on grains of millet, brown rice, and wheat were 4.92±0.05, 2.20±0.03, and 1.93±0.03 mm/day, respectively, and the laccase activity was 0.86±0.02, 0.04±0.01, and 0.01±0.00 U/mL, respectively. These observations revealed millet as the most appropriate grain for spawn production in terms of growth rate and enzyme activity. Inoculation of lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) stem bark with millet spawns of P. fraxinea resulted in a reduction of its urushiol contents, up to 86.6% on the third day and up to 98.5% on the seventh day. The optimal period of cultivation to eliminate urushiol was three days with 68% of residual flavonoids and 42% of phenolic components. When compared to the product cultivated from liquid spawn, the millet spawn reduced the cultivation period from 10 days to 3 days for eliminating urushiol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1980

In our country there are five species of Morus genus including Morus alba L.. Also their varieties and hybrids are distributed so much. In sucession of previous report we collected control and marketing specimens of Mori Cortex Radicis, comparative experiments were pharmacognostically carried out to identify the control specimen by the differences of external and internal morphology. It was difficult to identify marketing specimens by external morphology, because they are similar in spite of conparating with control specimen which the origin is definite. In internal morphology, medullary ray is developed near the cambium to primary bark in control specimen A(Morus alba series) and C(M. Lhou series), but less developed in B(M. bombycis series). The difference of these three series was observed. The thickness of cork layer is almost the same($7{\sim}12$ layers) in A and C series, but B is thin layer and sample E(that on the market) is generally more thick and has a stick cork cell. The kinds of starch, Ca-oxalate and latex, cell centents were same, but it was easy to identify them by the differences of their distribution. The bast fibre of D(wild specimen) and E were light lignified, latex tube of A and C series was richer distributed than others. These results show that the origin of Mori Cortex Radicis on the market can be appreciated in four groups of Korean Morus genus which are M. alba, M. bambycis, M. Lhou series and the others.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 1993

A natural Quercus variabilis forest and a Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa plantation in Mt. Mohu area were studied to investigate aboveground biomass and net production. A $20m{\times}30m$ quadrat was set up in each stand, and 10 sample trees each of Quercus variabilis and Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa were cut for dimension analysis. There was little difference in accuracy among three biomass regression models of logWt=A+BlogD, $logWt=A+BlogD^2H$, and logWt=A+BlogD+ClogH, where Wt. D, and H were dry weight, DBH, and height, respectively. Aboveground total biomass of Quercus variabilis stand was 31,275kg/ha, and that of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa was 55,581kg/ha. In both of Quercus variabilis stand and Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand, the proportion of each tree component to abovegound total biomass was high in order of stem wood, branches, stem bark, and leaves. Quercus variabilis stand was higher in the proportion of stem bark, branches and leaves than Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand, while the former was lower in that of stem wood than the latter. Aboveground total net production of Quercus variabilis stand was 4,267kg/ha/yr., and that of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand was 3,903kg/ha/yr. The proportion of each tree component to aboveground total net production of Quercus variabilis stand was high in order of leaves, stem wood, branches, and stem bark. That of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand was high in order of stem wood, leaves, branches, and stem bark. Net assimilation rate and efficiency of leaf to produce stem of Quercus variabilis stand were 2.121 and 0.840, respectively. Those of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand were 3.376 and 2.085, respectively. Though Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa stand was lower in aboveground total net production than Quercus variabilis stand, the former was higher in aboveground total biomass than the latter. The reason was that Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa stand was higher in net production of stem wood of accumulation organs than Quercus variablis stand.