• Title/Summary/Keyword: treatment mechanisms

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Advanced Technologies and Mechanisms for Yeast Evolutionary Engineering

  • Ryu, Hong-Yeoul
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.423-428
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    • 2020
  • In vitro evolution is a powerful technique for the engineering of yeast strains to study cellular mechanisms associated with evolutionary adaptation; strains with desirable traits for industrial processes can also be generated. There are two distinct approaches to generate evolved strains in vitro: the sequential transfer of cells in the stationary phase into fresh medium or the continuous growth of cells in a chemostat bioreactor via the constant supply of fresh medium. In culture, evolutionary forces drive diverse adaptive mechanisms within the cell to overcome environmental or intracellular stressors. Especially, this engineering strategy has expanded to the field of human cell lines; the understanding of such adaptive mechanisms provides promising targets for the treatment of human genetic diseases and cancer. Therefore, this technology has the potential to generate numerous industrial, medical, and academic applications.

Effects of Yupoongyangyeong-tang(YYT) on the Changes of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Rats (유풍양영탕(愈風養營湯)이 정상 흰쥐의 국소 뇌혈류량 및 평균혈압에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Cho, Gook-Ryung;An, Ga-Yong;Jeon, Sang-Yun
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.298-305
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    • 2009
  • Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Yupoongyangyeong-tang(YYT) on changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in rats. In addition, the author also investigated action mechanisms of YYT on changes in rCBF and MABP. Methods and Results : In this study, treatment with YYT elevated rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP levels were elevated only in the 10 mg/ml treatment group. Pre-treatment with indomethacin. an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited increase of rCBF effectively. Pre-treatment with methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, inhibited increase of rCBF induced by YYT, too. In addition. pre-treatment with indomethacin also inhibited increase of MABP. However, pre-treatment with methylene blue did not affect MABP levels. Conclusion : These results suggest that YYT is useful to treat patients with diseases related to cerebral ischemia, because YYT can increase rCBF. In addition, the mechanisms are thought to be related to both cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase.

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A Study On the Retention Time Distribution with Plasma Damage Effect

  • Yi Jae Young;Szirmay Laszlo;Yi Cheon Hee
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2004.08c
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    • pp.460-462
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    • 2004
  • The control of the data retention time is a main issue for realizing future high density dynamic random access memory. There are several leakage current mechanisms in which the stored data disappears. The mechanisms of data disappear is as follow, 1 )Junction leakage current between the junction, 2) Junction leakage current from the capacitor node contact, 3)Sub-threshold leakage current if the transfer transistor is affected by gate etch damage etc. In this paper we showed the plasma edge damage effect to find out data retention time effectiveness. First we measured the transistor characteristics of forward and reverse bias. And junction leakage characteristics are measured with/without plasma damage by HP4145. Finally, we showed the comparison TRET with etch damage, damage_cure_RTP and hydrogen_treatment. As a result, hydrogen_treatment is superior than any other method in a curing plasma etch damage side.

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What is the Mechanism of Progression with Trastuzumab Treatment - Escape or Resistance?

  • Sendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit;Aksoy, Sercan;Ozdemir, Nuriye Yildirim;Zengin, Nurullah;Altundag, Kadri
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.5915-5916
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    • 2012
  • Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 overexpression, observed in 20-25 percent of invasive breast cancers, is well known to be associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis, with resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents. The majority of patients with metastatic breast cancer who initially respond to trastuzumab, demonstrate disease progression within 1 year of treatment initiation. Furthermore, lack of response in some patients and relapse during the course of therapy, continue to challenge researchers and clinicians. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of trastuzumab action is required so that new therapies directed at HER2 can be developed. We present here findings for mechanisms, both of Trastuzumab action and clinical resistance or escape.

Update of Therapeutic Clinical Trials for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (근위축측삭경화증에 대한 치료약물 임상시험 현황)

  • Kim, Nam-Hee;Lee, Min Oh
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2015
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive death of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Until now, many treatment strategies have been tested in ALS, but so far only Riluzole has shown efficacy of slightly slowing disease progression. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ALS are multifactorial, with a complex interaction between genetic factors and molecular pathways. Other motor neuron disease such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) are also progressive neurodegenerative disease with loss of motor neuron as ALS. This common thread of motor neuron loss has provided a target for the development of therapies for these motor neuron diseases. A better understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms and the potential pathological relationship between the various cellular processes have suggested novel therapeutic approaches, including stem cell and genetics-based strategies, providing hope for feasible treatment of ALS.

Preventive Mechanisma of ${\beta}$-Glucan on the Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rats (실험적으로 동맥경화증을 유발시킨 랫드에서 ${\beta}$-Glucan의 동맥경화 방어기전에 대한 연구)

  • 김형욱;이영순
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 1993
  • Mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effetcs of $\beta$-glucan remain unclear. Rats were divided into 3 groups; normal control group, atherogenic group(oral administration of cholesterol 40 mg/kg/day and vitamin $D_2$320,000 IU/kg/day),${\beta}$-glucan treatment group(oral administration of atherogenic treatment and ${\beta}$-glucan 0.135 g/kg/day). The ${\beta}$-glucan treatment group showed moderate increases of serum lipids concentration compared with atherogenic group. In histopathological examination, aortas showed no critical lesions. The total fecal neutral sterols and bile acids excreted for 6 days was increased compared with both normal and atherogenic group. These result\ulcorner suggest that mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of ${\beta}$-glucan on rats were due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver.

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The effect of pre- and after-treatment of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and the underlying mechanisms

  • Xu, Hao;Mei, Xiao-Peng;Xu, Li-Xian
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2018
  • In recent years, with continuous research efforts targeted at studying the effects of pre- and after-treatment of inhaled anesthetics, significant progress has been made regarding the common clinical use of low concentrations of inhaled sevoflurane and its effect on induced central ischemia tolerance by pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we collected, analyzed, classified, and summarized recent literature regarding the effect of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and its related mechanisms. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of sevoflurane to protect the central nervous system and other important organs against ischemic injury.

Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer

  • Chang, Min-Sun
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.256-267
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    • 2012
  • Tamoxifen is a central component of the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer as a partial agonist of ER. It has been clinically used for the last 30 years and is currently available as a chemopreventive agent in women with high risk for breast cancer. The most challenging issue with tamoxifen use is the development of resistance in an initially responsive breast tumor. This review summarizes the roles of ER as the therapeutic target of tamoxifen in cancer treatment, clinical values and issues of tamoxifen use, and molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. Emerging knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance will provide insight into the design of regimens to overcome tamoxifen resistance and discovery of novel therapeutic agents with a decreased chance of developing resistance as well as establishing more efficient treatment strategies.

Anticancer Effects of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Cancers

  • Mi-Young Son;Hyun-Soo Cho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.849-856
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    • 2023
  • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, propionate, and acetate produced by the gut microbiota have been implicated in physiological responses (defense mechanisms, immune responses, and cell metabolism) in the human body. In several types of cancers, SCFAs, especially butyrate, suppress tumor growth and cancer cell metastasis via the regulation of the cell cycle, autophagy, cancer-related signaling pathways, and cancer cell metabolism. In addition, combination treatment with SCFAs and anticancer drugs exhibits synergistic effects, increasing anticancer treatment efficiency and attenuating anticancer drug resistance. Therefore, in this review, we point out the importance of SCFAs and the mechanisms underlying their effects in cancer treatment and suggest using SCFA-producing microbes and SCFAs to increase therapeutic efficacy in several types of cancers.

Two Case of Symptomatic Schmorl's Node: A Case Report and Literature Review (Symptomatic Schmorl's Node로 인한 요통과 비신경근성 하지통을 호소하는 환자에 대한 보존적 치료 치험 2예: 증례보고 및 문헌고찰)

  • Kang, Shinwoo;Choi, Seonghwan;Park, Hyeonsun;Park, Seohyun;Keum, Dongho
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 2022
  • The objective was to propose effectiveness of conservative treatments including Korean medical treatments for symptomatic Schmorl's nodes (SNs). We conducted retrospective study that analyzed the medical records of two patients with the symptomatic SNs. They were treated by conservative treatments including Korean medical treatments for 3 weeks. We evaluated numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index. After treatment, NRS, ODI were decreased and EQ-5D index was increased. We performed literature search to analyze the mechanisms of its treatment and evaluate clinical trials. There were three major mechanisms: (1) Improving constructive stability of vertebrae, (2) alleviating pain, and (3) controlling autoimmunity. When comparing operative treatment (OT) trials and conservative treatment (CT) trials, we couldn't find conclusive basis that support which one is more effective. As OT trials reported some severe adverse events, CT trials reported mild adverse events. The conservative treatments that we used encompasses those mechanisms and is relatively safe. To obtain exact evidence of effectiveness, further studies are needed.