• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

This review will be discussed the various causes of radiation failure for head and neck cancers from radiobiologic perspective and also provided a few clinical data to illustrate the basic principle. A knowledge about multiplicity of factors that may underlie failure of radiation treatment is essential for rational application of new treatment strategies. Furthermore, it is important to distinguish causes of failure that can be reduced or minimized by application of conventional treatment from one are potentially remediable by new treatment strategies, and one that are not amenable to some modification of radiotherapeutic approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

Failure cause of the fractured engine parts was analyzed by microstructural observation. These parts were failed far earlier than the expected service life. By the stereoscope and SEM examinations of the fractured surface, the fracture modes have been identified as wear and fatigue failure. From the observation of microstructure and microhardness measurements of the failed gears, the probable cause for failures are internal oxidation during using and retained austenite and carbide networks due to heat-treatment, respectively. These defected structures at near surface contributed to the wear and fatigue failure.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2022

Refractory thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure are among the most challenging infertility-related factors hindering successful pregnancy. Several adjuvant therapies have been investigated to increase endometrial thickness and the pregnancy rate, but the treatment effect is still minimal, and for many patients, these treatment methods can be quite costly and difficult to approach. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets in plasma and has recently been elucidated as a better treatment option for these patients. PRP is rich in cytokines and growth factors, which are suggested to exert a regenerative effect at the level of the injured tissue. Another advantage of PRP is that it is easily obtained from the patient's own blood. We aimed to review the recent findings of PRP therapy used for patients with refractory thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.841-847
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• 2007

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a very rare but devastating illness in children. Specific treatment to recovery is often not available, and the underlying cause of the liver failure is often unknown and diverse especially in children. Liver transplantation has increased the chance of survival; however it needs an optimal timing to reach the best result which is not familiar to pediatrician. This article discusses the current knowledge of the epidemiology, backgrounds and factors to be considered before establishing the treatment of ALF in children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.329-336
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• 2001

The numbers of geogrid-reinforced walls are widely used in Korea. This papers present the results of two failure case histories of geogrid-reinforced segmental retaining walls. The geological background of the construction sites, detailed construction sequences, and the amount of rainfall were examined. The failure of these reinforced walls are caused by the improper drainage system and foundation treatment, too sharpened curvature of corner work, and too high height of wall.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

Objective: The primary objective this study was to evaluate the effect of Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment on against the glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods: Glycerol injection decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate) and increased urine volume, serum creatinine, BUN level, urine albumine secretion and fractional excretion of Na+, K+. PJS was selected in the basis of invigorating kidney which can eliminate pathogens. Rats were treated with PJS pharmacopuncture on Shin-shu (BL23) and Chon-chu (ST25) point for 3 days, followed by 50% concentration of glycerol injection ($5m{\ell}/kg$ body weight). Results: After the 3 days treatment period, Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment improved renal function. In addition, Glycerol injection increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased Na-K-ATPase in renal cortex and which were prevented by PJS treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that Paljeong-san (PJS) pharmacopuncture treatment show favorable effect on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of mixture with Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HDT) and Acer tegmentosum Maxim(ATM) on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, with liver failure and no treatment; H1A1, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 1; H1A2, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 2; H1A4, with liver failure and oral treatment with HDT 1 and ATM 4. The animals were treated for 3 weeks and then examinations of change of body weight, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GTP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, histopathologic change, and complete blood count (CBC) were performed. Results : All experimental groups had significantly decreased AST in serum and markedly increased activity of SOD as compared with the control group. H1A1, and H1A4 significantly decreased ALT in serum and H1A4 at 2 weeks was significantly higher on the change of body weight as compared with the control group. In histopathologic change of liver tissue by light microscopy, all experimental groups showed recovery effects of liver cells which were damaged by D-galactosamine. Conclusions : Based upon these results, it could be assumed that a mixture of HDT and ATM has hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects on D-galactosamine-induced liver failure. Therefore, a mixture of HDT and ATM might be utilized as a protective agent in therapy for liver diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.169-181
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Combination therapy with Gwakhyangjeonggisangamibang and Sojangjeonggyeok on patients with verucca plana. Methods : Sixty-five patients(male 19, female 46) with verruca plana were treated with Gwakhyangjeonggisangamibang and Sojangjeonggyeok for at least 3 months. After treatment, a clearance rate was divided into 4 scales such as; complete clearance / partial clearance-good / partial clearance-poor / no change. Statistical analysis was performed by using Independent-sample t-test. Results : Mean age of patients was 30.3 and mean period of disease duration was 64.6 months. Fifty-eight patients(73.8%) showed complete clearance, nine(13.8%) partial clearance-good, and eight(12.3%) partial clearance-poor. Complete clearance group(CC group) was statistically younger than failure group and disease duration of CC group was shorter than failure group. Although treatment period of failure group was statistically longer than CC group and dosage(貼) of herbal medicine of failure group was more than CC group, failure group showed partial clearance. Conclusion : This data demonstrates that combination therapy with Gwakhyangjeonggisangamibang and Sojangjeonggyeok could be an effective and safe treatment for the verucca plana.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.631-637
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• 2014

Genetic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum may play a role in the treatment outcome of malaria infection. We have studied the association between diversity at the merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1), msp-2, and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) loci and the treatment outcome of uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients along the Thai-Myanmar border who were treated with artemisinin derivatives combination therapy. P. falciparum isolates were collected prior to treatment from 3 groups of patients; 50 cases of treatment failures, 50 recrudescences, and 56 successful treatments. Genotyping of the 3 polymorphic markers was analyzed by nested PCR. The distribution of msp-1 alleles was significantly different among the 3 groups of patients but not the msp-2 and glurp alleles. The allelic frequencies of K1 and MAD20 alleles of msp1 gene were higher while RO33 allele was significantly lower in the successful treatment group. Treatment failure samples had a higher median number of alleles as compared to the successful treatment group. Specific genotypes of msp-1, msp-2, and glurp were significantly associated with the treatment outcomes. Three allelic size variants were significantly higher among the isolates from the treatment failure groups, i.e., $K1_{270-290}$, $3D7_{610-630}$, $G_{650-690}$, while 2 variants, $K1_{150-170}$, and $3D7_{670-690}$ were significantly lower. In conclusion, the present study reports the differences in multiplicity of infection and distribution of specific alleles of msp-1, msp-2, and glurp genes in P. falciparum isolates obtained from treatment failure and successful treatment patients following artemisinin derivatives combination therapy.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.168-180
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• 2010

Acute renal failure (ARF) is common in the neonatal period, however, there are no uniform treatment strategies of ARF. The main treatment strategies are conservative management including medical treatment and the renal replacement therapy. Because ARF in the newborn is commonly acquired by hypoxic ischemic injury and toxic insults, removal of all the offending causes is important. Aminoglycoside, indomethacin, and amphotericin-B are the most common nephrotoxic drugs of ARF. To relieve the possible prerenal ARF, initial fluid challenge can be followed by diuretics. If there is no response, fluid restriction and correction of electrolyte imbalance should begin. Adequate nutritional support and drug dosing according to the pharmacokinetics of such drugs will be difficult problems. Renal replacement therapies may be provided by peritoneal dialysis, intermittent hemodialysis, or hemofiltration. New promising agents, bioartificial kidney, and stem cell will enable us to extend our therapeutic repertoire.