• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify motives, itinerary and general patterns associated with the traveling of the upper class in the Chosun Dynasty based on twenty travel accounts of Mt. Chungryang. In addition, previous studies were referred to in order to compare these trips to Mt. Chungryang with those which were undertaken to Mt. Kumgang so as to identify the unique characteristics of those involved with the trips to Mt. Chungryang and of these trips in themselves. Through this process, unique characteristics, such as the travelers' academic backgrounds and place of origin, as well as how these travelers' relationship with their teachers influenced the motivation for these trips were uncovered, as were the processes through which travel schedules and companions were selected. Moreover, the researcher identified similarities and differences between the travel of Mt. Chungryang and Mt. Kumgang in terms of the travelers' motivation for the trip, the transportation methods they employed, and the kind of accommodation they sought. Moreover while similarities were also uncovered with regards to the travel practices of the literati class during this time, differences emerged in terms of their travel dates and schedules.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.32-48
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• 2023

Autonomous driving technology is shaping the future of personalized travel, encouraging personalized travel, and traffic impact could be influenced by individualized travel behavior during the transition of driving entity from human to machine. In order to evaluate traffic impact, it is necessary to estimate the total number of trips based on an understanding of individual travel characteristics. The Activity-based model(ABM), which allows for the reflection of individual travel characteristics, deals with all travel sequences of an individual. Understanding the relationship between travel and travel must be important for assessing traffic impact using ABM. However, the ABM has a limitation in the data hunger model. It is difficult to adjust in the actual demand forecasting. Therefore, we utilized a Tour-based model that can explain the relationship between travels based on household travel survey data instead. After that, vehicle registration and population data were used for correction. The result showed that, compared to the KTDB one, the traffic generation exhibited a 13% increase in total trips and approximately 9% reduction in working trips, valid within an acceptable margin of error. As a result, it can be used as a generation correction method based on Tour, which can reflect individual travel characteristics, prior to building an activity-based model to predict demand due to the introduction of autonomous vehicles in terms of road operation, which is the ultimate goal of this study.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 1993

The aim of this study was to provide the reasonable data for design of the nozzle which produces finer droplets on the same level of the effective travel distance or which transports droplets to the farther target on the reasonable atomization in comparison with the commercial nozzles being used much in Korean rural areas. Newly designed twin-fluid atomizers with some commercial nozzles were tested in this study, and their results were as follows : 1. The characteristics of the spray deposit distribution of No.1 nozzles for farther target were nearly same in the near or nearer travel distance less than 8m. Therefore it was reasonable to combine the characteristics of the spray deposit distributions of No.2 and No.3 nozzles to those of No.1 nozzle. 2. The effective travel distance was increased with increase of the sectional area of the jet ligament, and the maximum effective travel distance was reached to about 17m. 3. The droplet size was increased with increase of the sectional area of the jet ligament, and the maximum droplet size was produced in the front of the point of the maximum spray deposit distribution. 4. The atomization was excellent in the twin-fluid atomizer in comparison with the hydraulic atomizer and also the effective travel distances were nearly same level in both atomizers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to understand Jirisan-round Trail trekkers' socioeconomic and travel characteristics, travel motivations, and travel attitudes. On-site and email surveys were carried out from July to November of 2008 and a total of 1,026 individuals' data were analyzed. Survey results showed that the percentages of middle age users, highly educated, and professionals/managers were relatively higher among trekkers of Jirisan-round Trail. And they traveled with a small group, collected destination-related information before traveling, and showed a high level of satisfaction. Especially they had not only strong motivations for admiring, understanding, and experiencing the nature but also positive travel attitudes. Based on the results of a cluster analysis, the trekkers of Jirisan-round Trail were divided into two groups, ecotourists and nature tourists. The ecotourists group showed relatively enthusiastic participation, more nature-oriented and culturally sensitive travel attitudes, and a higher satisfaction. The results would be used for establishing effective management strategies for building environmentally and socially responsible trekking culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.481-498
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• 2017

Travel time reduction benefit is the most important benefit item in the feasibility study of transportation infrastructure investment projects and calculated by using the value of travel time. The current feasibility study guideline (5th edition) calculate the value of non-business ravel time in a metropolitan area, using the ratio of the value of non-business travel time to business travel time calculated based on the nationwide inter-regional traffic survey data of 1999. The characteristics of metropolitan trips are different from those of nationwide regional trips. Metropolitan trips have frequent transfers between multiple public transits and long-time commuter trips. Therefore, this research aims to calculate the value of travel time reflecting traffic characteristics in a metropolitan area by improving the limitation of current calculation methods. To reflect these characteristics, this research extracts commuter trips from non-business trips and calculates the value of travel time for commuter trips. The results of the likelihood ratio test for the commuter trip model and the non-business trip model are found to be statistically significant. An integrated public transportation model was also estimated in this study to reflect the trip conditions of the Seoul metropolitan area integrated fare system. The results of comparing coefficients between bus and subway in the integrated public transit model indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the two modes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This study applied the leisure constraints and negotiation concept to the travel context, especially for traveling in national parks. More specifically, it tries to identify how constraints and negotiation impact a person's travel behavior. The population of this study is the people who intend to visit the national parks for their summer vacations. The data was collected through the panel study, which surveyed the same set of people before and after their trip. Among 527 samples, 39.7％ traveled what they planned without any changes. 24.7％ did not travel or postponed their trip, and 35.7％ enjoyed their vacation but with changes of destination, time or travel periods. These results support that people may use negotiation strategies to overcome their constraints in a travel context. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the impact of constraints on travel behavior among the three groups. The results also confirm that people have to overcome intra-, inter-, and structural constraints for visiting the national parks. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that the concepts of leisure constraints and negotiation is applicable to the travel contexts. Because of its exploratory characteristics, several limitations and cautions were raised.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 1998

This study is to investigate patient's choice of health care and the demand for Korean traditional medicine care in rural areas in 1995. It tried to evaluate the effect of out-of-pocket expenditure, travel time, and waiting time on improving care-seeking and substituting clinical medicine for pharmacy care and Korean traditional medicine care in rural areas. The statistical model of this study is conditional logit to estimate effects of choice-specific and individual-specific characteristics on the choice of type of services. This study used, as explanatory variables, average out-of-pocket payment, travel time, and waiting time of services required to use the services. The model was empirically tested using data from 1995 Korean National Health Survery. The results showed that rural Koreans responded to out-of pocket payment and travel time. Increases of out-of-pocket payment and travel time decreased the probability to choose care in rural Korea. Rural Koreans were more likely to seek care than others with low out-of-pocket payment and travel time. The probability of choosing Korean traditional medicine were higher among the members of the households with higher education level and older persons, while they were lower in the households with large family than others compared with the probabilities of choosing public health facilities. The result of this study implies that policy on use of health care in rural Korea can be focused in managing travel time and out-of-pocket payment.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.135-144
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to estimate level of service of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes. METHODS : On 6 Exclusive Median Bus Lanes routes in Seoul, bus travel time and number of bus-stop per km were investigated. Also whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop was checked. Based on the data from sites, bus travel time was estimated according to length of segment, number of bus-stop per km and whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop. RESULTS : A bus travel time table was developed according to length of segment, number of bus-stop per km and whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop. After bus travel speed and passenger car travel speed is estimated based on each travel time table and length of segment, two speeds are combined with weighted average speed using traffic volume of each lane group. Then weighted average speed is a measure of effectiveness of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes. CONCLUSIONS : It can be concluded that the proposed methodology can estimate level of service of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes considering the operation characteristics of Exclusive Median Bus Lanes.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.10
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• pp.139-158
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• 1999

This study is concerned with analysis of user satisfaction for travel behavior. It is aimed at investigating the socioeconomic characteristics, motivation, and use pattern of the visitors at tour. For tourists' perception and preference analysis, multi-dimensional scaling was used. It is left that this type of marketing analysis of tourism and travel offers great potentional for those concerned with the developement and management of tourist vacation areas. First, the study demanstrated clearly that different tourist and portential visitors to a tourist area seek different benefit bundles from their vacation in a particular tourist areas. Second, it demonstrated that a benefit segmentation approach to tourism and travel would be the most effective that the demographic segmentation approach usually pursued in the tourism and travel industry. Form a methodological viewpoint, it has demonstrated an application of multidimensional scaling techniques to marketing in an important industry.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.203-210
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• 1998

Rail transport has grown over the Past decades, and rail networks have highly concentrated in urban area, and it is possible for rail passengers to choose a route anions a number of alternative routes. Analysis of factors influencing the choice of route, are required to estimate the rail travel demand of each route. In this paper, we describes route choice model for the transit assignment and characteristics of the route choice(i.e., by relative travel time and fares), and attempts to estimate travel demand of new rail transit based on the slated preference(SP) survey data of Nanko Porttown, which is located in Osaka, Japan.