• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2023

A control technique using mass-trapping was developed against thrips infesting hot peppers cultivating in greenhouses. It was essential to develop effective lure(s) attracting thrips for the control technique. Especially, mass-trapping using aggregation pheromone (AP) of the thrips was not much effective in open field cultivating hot peppers. This study aimed to develop a new lure to enhance the attractiveness of AP-based mass-trapping. In addition, this study was designed to investigate the decrease of attractiveness of the AP-based mass-trapping in the open field conditions. Methyl isonicotinate (MIN) as a new lure was assessed by the laboratory olfactometry and showed its attractiveness to thrips and its mixture effect with AP to attract the thrips. These results led us to test the AP+MIN mixture in the open field conditions cultivating hot peppers. The mixture significantly enhanced the mass-trapping efficacy in the open field conditions. Especially, the significant increase of the captured numbers was found in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Furthermore, the increase of the AP concentration in the mass-trapping significantly increased the captured numbers in F. occidentalis and other thrips occurring in the hot pepper field. This study demonstrated the difference in the AP-based mass-trapping efficacy of the thrips between greenhouse and open field conditions. It also showed the increase of mass-trapping efficacy by increasing AP concentration in the trap. Especially, this study proposes a high efficient mass-trapping technology by the addition of MIN to AP especially against F. occidentalis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with HCl on blood biochemical profiles in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age, 88.54${\pm}$3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three groups in a completely randomized design on the basis of their body weight. Animals in all the three groups were fed on concentrate mixture. In addition, they were offered wheat straw, ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level) and HCI treated ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level and HCl added to trap 30% of the NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for a period of 180 days, as per Kearl (1982) for body weight gain of 500 g/d. In all diets, concentrate:roughage ratio was fixed at 50:50 and were made isonitrogenous by adjusting CP levels of conc. mixtures. Blood was collected from jugular vein of each buffalo calf at the beginning and subsequently at two months interval of experimental feeding. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96% and addition of HCl along with urea further increased the CP content to 10.09%. In all the three groups, the mean values of plasma glucose (mg %) and serum globulin (g %), showed a decreasing trend, while the mean value of serum TP (g %), serum A:G ratio, serum urea (mg %), serum creatinine (mg %), serum ALP (KA units), SGOT (units/ml.), SGPT (units/ml), serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ (ng/ml) showed an increasing trend with the advancement of feeding period. The cumulative period mean values of serum TP (6.15 to 6.20 g %), serum albumin (3.07 to 3.18, g %), serum globulin (2.98 to 3.09, g %), serum A:G ratio (1.03 to 1.10), serum ALP (23.15 to 23.63, KA units), serum T$_3$ (1.20 to 1.23 ng/ml) and serum T$_4$ (21.33 to 21.88 ng/ml) were comparable among the groups. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose (mg %) in group III (57.28) was similar to groups I (55.31) and II (59.41), however, the cumulative period mean plasma glucose in group II was significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum urea (mg %) in group III (47.34) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than group I (38.38) and II (42.24), which were statistically alike. However, the cumulative period mean serum creatinine values (mg %) in groups II (1.43) and III (1.52) were similar and were significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I (1.24). The cumulative period mean SGOT (units/ml) in groups I, II and III was 91.71, 96.04 and 96.64, respectively. Similarly the cumulative period mean SGPT (units/ml) was 19.00, 19.93 and 20.01 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The cumulative period mean values of SGOT (p<0.05) and SGPT (p<0.001) in groups II and III were similar and were significantly higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ values in groups I (1.21 and 21.81), II (1.23 and 21.42) and III (1.20 and 21.33) were comparable. From the present study it may be concluded that feeding of AWS treated with and without HCI to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no significant adverse effect on blood biochemical profile.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2002

It is reported that Pueraria Radix contains phtoestrogens whereas flower, and bud of Pueraria lobata Ohwi were not known. In the present study, we determined the amount of phytoestrogen in each portion of P. lobata Ohwi and carried out therapeutic effects of osteoporosis. The amounts of genistein, daidzein, and formononetin in Pueraria Radix (PR), Pueraria Flos (PF), and young Pueratia Folium (PL) were quantitated using a HPLC system. Proliferation of osteoblast and growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast were measured in order to screen their effects on osteoporosis. Proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) was analyzed by both MTT methods and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. Growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast was also detected as Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. Ovariectomized rat as an in vivo animal model was selected and administrations of PR were 1 g/kg/day (PR-1) and 5 g/kg/day (PR-5) for 9 weeks, respectively. Trabecular bone areas (TBAs) of tibia and lumbar were analyzed usibg histomorphological methods. Results show that PR contains the highest level of daidzein ($10435{\pm}2143\;mg/kg$ of dried herb) and stimulated ALP activity, approximately 160% of the control. Growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast by both PR and daidzein were almost identical with control although $IC_{50}$ of genistein was $5.81{\times}10^{-7}$ M. Increases in body weight of OVX rats were suppressed by administration of PR but wet weights of uterus in PR-5 group were increased (p<0.05). Plasma ALP and HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased following ages (p<0.01), and LDL-cholesterol level was also decreased in PR-5 group at 20 week of age (p<0.01). TBAs of tibia and lumbar in PR-1 and PR-5 groups were higher than those of the control although the values were less than those of the sham group (each p<0.01) In conclusion, administrations of PR prevented loss of TBAs of tibia and lumber in OVX rats, while PL and PF did not (p<0.01).

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2020

Four LEDs (blue, green, red, and white light) were tested to identify the most attractive wave length to utilize as the forecasting tools for the B. tabaci in glass houses. Attractiveness was evaluated by the total number of the B. tabaci attached to a yellow sticky trap. In the condition of no host plant supplement, the attraction efficacy was ordered from high to low as blue light (107.3±2.5), white light (83.0±12.1), red light (58±21.8), and green light (39.7±8.1). In the supplement of the host plant, the attraction was observed in the order of blue light (52±17.4), red light (38.7±5.8), green light (12.7±1.5), and white light (11.7±5.0). In both experimental conditions, blue light showed the highest attraction. In terms of the host plant effect to LED attraction, it varied following as white light (85.9%), green light (68.1%), blue light (51.6%), and red light (33.3%). This result suggests that red light is the least affected by the host plant. In the evaluation of the relative control efficacy, it was determined following as red light (66.7%), blue light (48.5%), green light (31.9%) and white light (14.1%) (F_3,8 = 14.7, P = 0.001). Taken together, blue light had a very high initial attraction, and red light was revealed low attraction effect by the supplement of the host plant. In field demonstration experiments, a high attractive efficacy was not observed due to low-temperature conditions, but similar higher attractive efficacy was observed in blue and red lights compared to the control. The commercialization of LEDs using red and blue in the future is expected to provide important information regarding B. tabaci population density forecast in glass house.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.992-997
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the indirect effect of silk-fibroin on osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. The conditioned medium were collected from MC3T3-E1 osbeoblasts treated with $0.001\;mg/mL{\sim}0.1\;mg/mL$ silk fibroin for 6 days, mixed in 1:1 ratio with osteoclast medium, and then added into RAW264.7 cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), a differentiation inducer for 3 days. Of osteoclastic cytokines in the conditioned medium, the protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with silk-fibroin was not significantly different. However, the protein expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ was specifically lower in a dose dependent manner. In RAW264.7 cells, the conditioned medium with silk-fibroin inhibited RANKL induced osteoclastic differentiation as total number of multinucleated tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, we demonstrated that the conditioned medium of silk-fibroin treated osteoblasts inhibits RANKL induced differentiation of osteoclasts with inhibiting selective expression of IL-$1{\beta}$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.401-410
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• 2016

Purpose: Water is magnetically charged upon contact with a magnet. Although magnetic water products have been promoted since the 1930's, they have not received wide acceptance since their effectiveness is still in question; however, some have reported their therapeutic effects on the body, especially the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. Methods: In this study, the effect of magnetized water on glycemic control of 14 diabetic mice (CB57BK/KsJ-db/db) in comparison with 10 control mice (CB57BK/KsJ-db/+(db/+)) was investigated. Seven diabetic control (DMC) mice and seven diabetic mice + magnetized water (DM+MW) were kept for 16 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Weekly blood glucose was measured from tail veins. Blood obtained from heart puncture was used for HbA1c analysis. Results: Blood glucose level showed a significant difference starting from the $10^{th}$ week of study ($496.1{\pm}10.2mg/dl$ in DMC vs. $437.9{\pm}76.9mg/dl$ in DM+MW). Blood glucose followed by IPGTT showed no significant difference between groups at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, although glucose level at 180 min was significantly reduced in DM+MW mice. Plasma insulin level in DM+MW groups was only 39.5% of that of DMC groups ($5.97{\pm}1.69ng/ml$ in DMC vs. $2.36{\pm}0.94ng/ml$ in DM+MW). Levels of HbA1c were 12.4% and 9.7% in DMC and DM+MW groups, respectively. Conclusion: These results show the promising therapeutic effect of magnetized water in regulating blood glucose homeostasis; however, long-term supplementation or mechanistic study is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2016

Korea has put in significant efforts to increase the number of wildlife crossings between fragmented habitats to prevent loss of biodiversity and to encourage the habitat connectivity in Korea. However, there is a lack of biological data on the effect of vegetation structure in these wildlife crossings and guidelines for design and management of wildlife crossing structures in Korea. Therefore, we selected ground beetle assemblages as model organisms to compare the effect of vegetation structure in wildlife crossings, i.e. bare ground- and shrub-type corridors, in agro-forested landscapes. For this study, 4,207 ground beetles belonging to 33 species were collected through pitfall trapping along the northern forest-corridor-southern forest transects from late April to early September in 2015. Dominant species, abundance, and species richness of ground beetles were significantly higher in the shrub-type corridors than the bare ground-type corridors. Also, the species composition of bare ground-type corridor was significantly different compared to the other habitats such as shrub-type corridor and forests. Similarly, environmental variables were also influenced by vegetation management regimes or trap locations. Collectively, our study clearly indicates that the movement of forest associated ground beetles between forest patches can increase as the vegetation in wildlife crossings becomes complex. Although further studies are needed to verify this, there are indications that the current wildlife crossings that comply with the guidelines may be unfriendly to the movement of ground dwelling arthropods as well as ground beetles. To enhance the ecological function of wildlife crossings, the guidelines need to be rectified as follows: 1) Shrubs or trees should be planted along the corridor verges to provide refuge or movement paths for small mammals and ground dwelling arthropods, and 2) Open spaces should be provided in the middle of the corridors to be used as a path for the movement of large mammals.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 1995

The radical centers detected in the reaction of metmyoglobin (MetMb) with hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) have been studied by using a spin trapping technique. A broad 5-line asymmetric electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum, with $2A_{max}=4.07\;mT$ and $2A_{min}=2.97\;mT$, obtained after incubation of MetMb with $H_2O_2$ in the presence of a spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was gradually weakened with time and disappeared completely by 6 min after addition of guanidine-HCl (14 M). When a higher concentration (6 M) of the agent was added, the signal disappeared within 40 see and the DMPO/OH signal appeared immediately. Then, a new 8-line signal with similar intensities grew gradually and was fixed by 45 min, coexisting with the DMPO/OH signal. This new signal was found to be composite, consisting of two different radical species. One of the 6-line signals, with $a_N$ 1.49 mT and $a_H$ 0.988 mT, was assigned to the DMPO/phenoxyl radical adduct. The second 6-line signal with $a_N$ 1.55 mT and $a_H$ 2.22 mT was assigned to carbon-centered radical adduct. When 3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolin-N-oxide (TMPO), was employed in the place of DMPO, another broad asymmetric 5-line signal was detected with $2A_{max}=3.99\;mT$ and $2A_{min}=3.04\;mT$, which is virtually identical to that obtained from the DMPO system The shape of the spectrum of the TMPO adduct changed drastically, with lapse of time resulting in a broad singlet after 40 min. The broad singlet was assigned to the porphyrin radical adduct. Incubation of globin with Fenton reagent in the presence of DMPO initially gave a DMPO/OH signal. Then, a new 12-line signal began to grow after one minute and fixed after 15 min. coexisting with the DMPO/OH signal, This 12-line signal was assigned to DMPO/phenoxyl with $a_N$ 1.47 mT, $a_{{\beta}H}$ 0.99 mT and $a_{{\gamma}H}$ 0.13 mT. A minor concentration of carbon-centered radical adduct was also detected. This radical composition is identical to that of guanidine HCl treated MetMb/DMPO/$H_2O_2$ system, indicating that the radical producing conditions are somehow common in both systems. Heme iron can be released by excess $H_2O_2$ in the MetMb/$H_2O_2$ system, providing for Fenton reagent. When MetMb was pretreated with tyrosine blocking agent, $KI_3$ the broad 5.line MetMb-derived signal was not detected in the MetMb/DMPO/$H_2O_2$ system, whereas no such effect was detected on such system of Hb in which the radical center was assigned to cysteine residue not tyrosine, indicating that tyrosine residue is a main radical center produced in the MetMb/$H_2O_2$ system Thus, the present data strongly support the previous indication that the apomyoglobin-derived radical center formed in the reaction of MetMb with $H_2O_2$ is a tyrosine residue.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2012

Air-borne pollen, biogenically created aerosol particle, influences Earth's radiative balance, visibility impairment, and human health. The importance of pollens has resulted in numerous experimental studies aimed at characterizing their dispersion and transport, as well as health effects. There is, however, limited scientific information concerning the optical properties of airborne pollen particles contributing to total ambient aerosols. In this study, for the first time, optical characteristics of pollen such as aerosol backscattering coefficient, aerosol extinction coefficient, and depolarization ratio at 532 nm and their effect to the atmospheric aerosol were studied by lidar remotes sensing technique. Dual-Lidar observations were carried out at the Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) located in Gwagnju, Korea ($35.15^{\circ}E$, $126.53^{\circ}N$) for a spring pollen event from 5 to 7 May 2009. The pollen concentration was measured at the rooftop of Gwangju Bohoon hospital where the building is located 1.0 km apart from lidar site by using Burkard trap sampler. During intensive observation period, high pollen concentration was detected as 1360, 2696, and $1952m^{-3}$ in 5, 6, and 7 May, and increased lidar return signal below 1.5km altitude. Pollen optical depth retrieved from depolarization ratio was 0.036, 0.021, and 0.019 in 5, 6, and 7 May, respectively. Pollen particles mainly detected in daytime resulting increased aerosol optical depth and decrease of Angstrom exponent.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

In a forest ecosystem, the major source of soil carbon input is from litterfall and its decomposition. To understand the effect of litterfall and litter decomposition on seasonal variation of soil respiration and litter decomposition rates were measured in temperate deciduous forest in Korea. Annual litterfall collected from litter trap (1m x 1m) were 147.5 ± 8.2g Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/ in 2003. About 47% of litterfall were Quercus serrata leaf followed by Carpinus laxiflora leaf (27 %), Carpinus cordata leaf (7 %), and others, such as other leaf, bark, branch, and acorn, were 20%. The decomposition rate was the highest in C. cordata (33.03%, k = 0.46), followed by C. laxiflora (25.73%, k = 0.30), and Q. serrata (24.17%, k = 0.28). The continuous measurement of soil respiration from January 2004 to December 2004 was carried out using AOCC (Automatic Open-Closed multi-Chamber system). The annual soil respiration rate was 629.6g Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/ and the litter decomposition was 30.0g Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/. The portion of litter decomposition rate on soil respiration rate was about 5%. From January to February, when the soil respiration rate was the lowest, about 11 % of soil respiration (7.4 ± l.4g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/) were effected by litter decomposition rate (0.8g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/). The highest soil respiration rate (111.5 ± 16.2g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/) and litter decomposition rate (11.4g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/) were showed in July to August. According to the regression analysis between soil respiration rate and litter decomposition, the soil respiration rate were related to litter decomposition with the correlations (r = 0.63).