• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.60-67
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• 2000

The success of road haulage, in dominating the surface movement of freight, is now threatened by increased traffic congestion, falling average motorway speeds and rising in logistic costs. As a result, Government as well as companies, which use or operate logistics service, is now looking to rail to provide an alternative. First, we surveyed the bottlenecks and desired betterments to rail transport, which were indicated by rail and road transport users. Through the analysis of customers' needs survey. this paper is focused in the basic framework fur the rail freight transport, which could be helped to promote the efficiency associated with moving freight by rail.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

A bonded warehouse is the warehouse located in bonded area. It functions not only as a general warehouse but also as a place for managing the work related to import and export bonded goods. As a general warehouse, it uses the rack system to store the goods and the folk lift truck to move the unitized goods. The operation of the storing system closely related to the efficiency of space uses in a warehouse and vehicle working. Thus, vehicle performance measured in distance units in the ware-house could be used as one of the key performance measure in warehouse system. This paper focuses on the operation efficiency of the bonded warehouse which uses rack system for the storing and the folk lift truck for moving goods. The method of load allocation for balancing the rack uses and vehicle operation for maximizing efficiency are the specific concerns in this paper. The simulation study is conducted to find a policy for efficient vehicle operation based on balanced rack utilization, and the favorable result for the system operation would lead the usable proposal in vehicle operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.781-785
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• 2009

We have fabricated simple triple-layer blue-emitting phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using different thicknesses (25 and 55 nm) of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) electron transport layers. 1,1-bis[4-bis (4-methylphenyl)- aminophenyllcyclohexane (TAPC), bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinate-$N,C^{2'}$]picolinate (FIrpic) and N,N' -dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) were used as hole transport, blue guest and host materials, respectively. The driving voltage, electroluminescence (EL) efficiency and emission characteristics of devices were investigated. The maximum EL efficiency was 20 cd/A in the device with 55 nm BCP layer, which efficiency was about 33% higher than the device with 25 nm BCP layer. The higher efficiency in the 55 nm BCP device resulted from the enhanced electron-hole balance. In the EL spectrum of blue phosphorescent OLED with BCP layer, the relative intensity between 470 and 500 nm peaks was related to the location of emission zone.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the status quo of production efficiency in private industrial enterprises above designated scale in China's 31 provinces (including municipalities directly under the central government, autonomous regions) (hereinafter referred to as China's 31 provinces). Research design, data and methodology: Find out the factors affecting the development of production efficiency in private industrial enterprises, using DEA, Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist index analysis, build the evaluation model of production efficiency in private industrial enterprises, and analyze the data of China's 31 provinces private industrial enterprises in 2015-2019. Results: The research results show that the production efficiency of private industrial enterprises in China is improving on the whole. Although the total factor productivity has decreased slightly, the overall efficiency and pure technical efficiency have increased significantly. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study can provide reference for Chinese private industrial enterprises to improve production efficiency and make development plan. The limitation of this paper lies in the fact that the private industrial enterprises in inefficient provinces have not been given specific improvement plans.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-26
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• 2001

Competitive and reliable maritime transport services benefit the economy as a whole, and are key efficiency factors for the production of both goods and services. Although maritime transport sector is very liberalized compared to many other service sectors, certain obstacles must be overcome before full liberalization of the maritime transport can be realized. Particularly, maritime transport services in Northeast Asia are regulated by a complicated and outdated system. To remove these barkers two approaches can be used: a regional trading arrangement approach and a multilateral approach via WTO. However, multilateral efforts are not likely to be successful in achieving any concrete progress towards maritime transport liberalization in the short- to medium-term in Northeast Asia. Consequently, it may be the best to take the following two progressive approaches and to make them work towards liberalization of the maritime transport market: a bilateral approach and a trilateral approach. A gradual process of liberalization would expand the market, help operators achieve economies of scale, promote the international division of labor and specialization, enhance the effective management of shipping services, and promote the long-term interests and welfare of the user by improving service quality and diversifying services. A liberalized and integrated maritime transport market in Northeast Asia should achieve both of these long-run policy objectives by benefiting both the transport service users and the transport service providers. In order to move the maritime transport liberalization programs as quickly as possible, it is desirable to establish a "Regional Maritime Transport Liberalization Committee." We suggest it to be a Tripartite (China, Japan and Korea) Committee initially, which can later expand its membership to include other Northeast Asian countries.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.670-674
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• 2012

The photovoltaic performance of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells employing hole transport material (HTM), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD), has been investigated in terms of HTM overlayer thickness. Two important parameters, soak time and spin-coating rate, are varied to control the HTM thickness. Decrease in the period of loading the spiro-MeOTAD solution on $TiO_2$ layer (soak time) leads to decrease in the HTM overlayer thickness, whereas decrease in spin-coating rate increases the HTM overlayer thickness. Photocurrent density and fill factor increase with decreasing the overlayer thickness, whereas open-circuit voltage remains almost unchanged. The improved photocurrent density is mainly ascribed to the enhanced charge transport rate, associated with the improved charge collection efficiency. Among the studied HTM overlayer thicknesses, ca. 230 nm-thick HTM overlayer demonstrates best efficiency of 4.5% at AM 1.5G one sun light intensity.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-75
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• 2010

Today, the logistics industry has played a critical role in national economy activities. The low cost and high efficiency of the logistics industry are meaningful in the improvement of national competitiveness and the logistics industry. However, efficiency of logistics is lower than that of the United States and Japan since most quantities are processed in road transportation in Korea. With regard to this, existing studies expected a saving of social and environmental costs due to a decrease of road transportation as well as improvement of logistics productivity due to bulk transportation through activation of rail and costal transport. For the expectation, the existing multimodal transport systems should be improved first. Therefore it aimed to develop scenario-based simulation models of multimodal transport systems for decision makers in charge of improvement in the logistics area. For model development, this study utilized Thinking Process and System Dynamics(TP-SD) methodology.

• Journal of Coastal Disaster Prevention
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2018

As the research about increasing the efficiency of dredging soil transport, the technology, which reduce the friction between pipe wall and fluid in the pipe and disturbed generating pipe blockage, has been developed. So for the purpose of applying this technology to real construction site, main test has been tried at the real scale test in field. As a test result, this paper will show 30% flow efficiency increasing by permitted electro magnetic force to the pipe. And test result was evaluated as a ultra sonic velocity profiler. To propose the design technique and the execution manual of the high efficiency dredging material transport technic, this research have confirmed flow status changing depending on a soil material kind under electro-magnetic field and analyze the effect of electro-magnetic field which affects to each dredged soil material transportation. For achieving this research, EMF(Electro-Magnetic Field) generator is installed on the dredger(20,000HP) and through monitored flow status, dredging soil flow rate and sampled material specification is confirmed. Also dredger operating condition is measured and dredger power for soil transportation, hydraulic gradient and flow rate are compared, as transportation efficiency is calculated by this parameter, it is possible to check transportation efficiency improvement depending on each dredged soil material under electro-magnetic field. To verify the technique of dredged soil transfer using electromagnetic field, which is the core technique of the high efficiency dredged soil transfer, and the technique of expert system for pipeline transfer and the flow state. This could lead to a verification of transfer efficiency according to the characteristics of the dredged soil (sand, clay, silt) and the transfer distance (5km, 10km, 15km), which is planned to be used for a technology development of pump power reduction and long-distance transfer applying the high efficiency dredged soil transfer technology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

In the structure of ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N' bis (3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(TPD)/tris (8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum($Alq_3$)/Al device, we studied the efficiency improvement of organic light-emitting diodes due to variation of deposition rate of hole transport layer (TPD) materials using hole-size of crucible boat. The thickness of TPD and $Alq_3$ was manufactured 40 nm, 60 nm, respectively under a base pressure of $5{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr using a thermal evaporation. The $Alq_3$ used for an electron-transport and emissive layer were evaporated to be at a deposition rate of $2.5\;{\AA}/s$. When the deposition rate of TPD increased from 1.5 to $3.0\;{\AA}/s$, we studied the efficiency improvement of TPD using the hole-size of crucible is 1.0 mm. When the deposition rate of TPD is $2.5\;{\AA}/s$, we found that the average roughness is rather smoother, the luminous efficiency the external quantum efficiency is superior to the others. Compared to the two from the devices made with the deposition rate of TPD is $2.0\;{\AA}/s$ and $3.0\;{\AA}/s$, the external quantum efficiency was improved by four-times and two-times, respectively.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.263-282
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• 2016

Contaminant transport in groundwater induces major threat and harmful effect on the environment; hence, the fate of the contaminant migration in groundwater is seeking a lot of attention. In this paper a two dimensional numerical flow and transport model through saturated layered soil is developed. Groundwater flow and solute transport has been simulated numerically using proposed model. The model implements the finite volume time splitting method to discretize the main equations. The performance, accuracy and efficiency of the out coming numerical models have been successfully examined by two test cases. The verification test cases consist of two-dimensional, groundwater flow and solute transport. The final purpose of this paper is to discuss and compare the shape of contaminant plume in homogeneous and heterogeneous media with different soil properties and control of solute transport using a zone for minimizing the potential of groundwater contamination; furthermore, this model leads to select the effective and optimum remedial strategies for cleaning the contaminated aquifers.