• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2007

Due to increasing awareness about the risk which will be caused by fast aging of population, the importance of aging friendly environment including housing has been paid much attention both individually and socially. In this regard, recently, in Korea, diverse elderly living facilities have increased in its number. Because of little experience, however, there have not been enough holistic understanding about aging friendly housing. Accordingly, most previous literature which introduced elderly housing to Korean society have translated differently, thereby caused more confusion. To facilitate communication about aging friendly housing, clear and consistent definition of its type and comprehensive range needs to be delineated. The purpose of this study is to classify various elderly housing alternatives in architecturally understandable way. This study was proceeded by content analysis of existing literature on elderly housing environment. A comprehensive review on the concept and existing classification of elderly housing was done prior to main analysis of translated Korean words. After classifying the Korean words of definition, systematic classification which focused on two important criteria of determining physical characteristics, such as space sharing degree and intentional plannedness was delineated and suggested. This research shows the first step toward the theoretical foundation for elderly housing classification.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.553-563
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• 1998

In this thesis, I examined Bruner's EIS theory from the viewpoint of epistemology based on Piaget's genetic epistemology. Although Bruner's ideal thought which insisted ‘to teach the structure’accepted Piaget's theory in the methodology of realization, it is different from Piaget in understanding knowledge. The difference is shown from understanding the meaning of ‘structure’. Piaget's concept of structure is something that has overcome the realistic viewpoint of the traditional epistemology and is reconstructed through endless self-regulative transformational process. However Bruner's is used as a realistic meaning as we can see in the Plato's recollection theory. Therefore Piaget's ‘stage of development’means the difference of structure which lies in the generative process and it includes the qualitive difference of level. On the other hand, Bruner, who is trying to translate and suggest the fixed structure to the children understood Piaget's stage of development as the difference in the ways of representation. Piaget's operational constructivism insists that the children should ‘construct’the knowledge through their activity, and especially in case of the lohico-mathematical recognition, the source should be internalized activity, that is, operation. In view of this assertion, Burner's idea which insists to accept the structure of knowledge as a fixed reality and to suggest the translated representation proper to the cognitive structure of the children to teach them, has a danger of emphasizing only the functional aspects to deliver the given knowledge ‘quickly’. And it also has the danger of damaging ‘the nature of the knowledge’in the translated knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Stoke is one of most common disabling conditions and it is still lacking of measuring patient's functioning level. The aim of the study was to develop Korean language version of stroke impact scale 3.0. METHODS: Korean version of stroke impact scale 3.0 was developed in idiomatic modern Korean with a standard protocol of multiple forward and backward translations and an expert reviews to achieve equivalence with the original English version. Interviews with clinicians who were currently managing patients with stroke were also conducted for language evaluation. A reliability test was performed to make final adaptation using a pre-final version. To assess the reliability of the translated questionnaire, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for each domain of the scale. RESULTS: Thirty subjects (16 male, 14 female) aged from 20 to 75 years old participated to review the translated questionnaire. Reliability of each domain of the questionnaire was found to be good in strength (ICC=0.74), ADL (ICC=0.81), mobility (ICC=0.90), hand function (ICC=0.80) and social participation (ICC=0.79), communication (ICC=0.77) with total (ICC=0.76). However, domains of memory and thinking (ICC=0.66), and emotion (ICC=0.27) and showed poor reliability. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the Korean version of SIS 3.0 was successfully developed. Future study needed for obtaining the validity of the Korean version of SIS 3.0.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.68-76
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to establish reliability and validity of the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) translated into Korean for neck pain patients. Sixty-two subjects (35 males, 27 females) with neck pain enrolled in the study. They completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that included pain intensity, sleeping, sensory at night, duration of symptoms, carrying, reading and watching television, working, social activities, and driving. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha by internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NPQ scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NPQ was good ICC(2,1)=.83 (95%CI=.85~.95). Cronbach's alpha value for NPQ was found to be .87 and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficients was .75 (p<.01). We concluded that the Korean version NPQ was shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

The aim of this study was performed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) translated in Korean. This was a new clinical measurement tool for evaluating the recovery of voluntary movement and basic mobility following stroke. A direct-observation reliability study was conducted on 20 patients who had strokes and were in a rehabilitation setting. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. The reliability of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by weighted kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement on scores for individual items ranged from .83 to 1.0, intraclass correlation coefficients for total score was .99, and for subscale scores was ranged from .96 to .99. The internal consistency of the STREAM scores was demonstrated by Cronbach alphas of greater than .99 on the subscales and overall. These high levels of reliability support the use of the STREAM translated in Korean instrument for the measurement of motor recovery following stroke.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2005

The previous research has been mainly focused on individual technology of voice recognition, voice synthesis, translation, and bone transmission technical. Recently, commercial models have been produced using aforementioned technologies. In this research, a new automated translation support system concept has been proposed by combining established technology of bone transmission and wireless system. The proposed system has following three major components. First, the hybrid system consist of headset, bone transmission and other technologies will recognize user's voice. Second, computer recognized voice (using small server attached to the user) of the user will be converted into digital signal. Then it will be translated into other user's language by translation algorithm. Third, the translated language will be wirelessly transmitted to the other party. The transmitted signal will be converted into voice in the other party's computer using the hybrid system. This hybrid system will transmit the clear message regardless of the noise level in the environment or user's hearing ability. By using the network technology, communication between users can also be clearly transmitted despite the distance.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the quantitative research literature on measuring caring in order to identify overall trends in measuring caring. Methods: Fifty three papers were selected from four databases including RISS4U, DBpia, KISS, and Korea Med. Results: The number of measuring caring papers has increased since 2000. Approximately 60 % of the total papers were descriptive and correlative design researches with convenience sampling. Jean Waston's theory was the most popular conceptual framework, but much of the research tended to be conducted without any conceptual framework. In that kind of research, 'caring' terms were used without definition. The most frequently used term for the concept of caring was nurses' caring behaviors. Also, 'nurses' was one of the most popular subjects. Thirty six measuring caring instruments were used. Twenty were developed in foreign countries and translated into Korean. The others were developed originally in Korean. Interpersonal Caring Technique - Communication Skills Scale, based on the interpersonal process model, was the most frequently used tool. Among the translated instruments, Coates' Caring Efficacy Scale was the most popular. Some instruments were used without validation. Conclusion: These results provide basic data on measuring caring and indicate directions for further research. In particular, validation studies of measuring caring instruments are needed.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze words and phrases which are frequently used in newsletters from Korean elementary schools. In order to achieve this goal, high frequent words from school newsletters were selected and classified into content and function words, and the domains of the words were looked up. For this study 1,000 school newsletters were collected in the areas of Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam. In terms of parts of speech, nouns, especially common nouns, most frequently appeared in the school newsletters followed by verbs and adjectives. This result shows that for immigrant women who have basic knowledge on Korean language, it is useful to give translated words to get the message of school letters. Furthermore, school related terms such as facilities, regulations and activities of school and Chinese-based vocabularies are found in school newsletters. In case of verbs, the words which contain the meaning of requests and suggestions are used the most. Adjectives which are related to positive value and evaluation, and describing weather and season is frequently used as well.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2014

This study investigates how common English hedge expressions such as 'I think' and 'I guess' appear in Korean, with the aim of providing explicit explanation for English-speaking leaners of Korean. Based on a contrastive analysis of spoken English and Korean corpus, this study argues three points: Firstly, 'I guess' appears with a wider variety of modalities in Korean than 'I think'. Secondly, this study has found that Korean textbooks contain inappropriate use of registers regarding the English translations of '-geot -gat-': although these markers are used in spoken Korean, they were translated into written English. Therefore, this study suggests that '-geot -gat-' be translated into 'I think' in spoken English, and into 'it seems' in the case of written English and narratives. Lastly, the contrastive analysis has shown that when 'I think' is used with deontic modalities such as 'I think I have to', Korean use '-a-ya-get-': the use of hedge marker 'I think' with 'I have to', which shows obligation or speaker's volition turns the deontic modalities into expressions of speaker's opinion.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.255-289
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• 2012

In the course of completing a National Research Foundation project, I recently found that a handwritten Korean manuscript of The Tale of Mei Fei is kept in the Adan Collection, which is a significant scholarly discovery given that no relevant research is available. The editions of the Tale of Mei Fei available in Korea include ${\ll}$藝苑?華${\gg}$ edition, ${\ll}$說?${\gg}$ edition, and the handwritten manuscript in Korean collected in the Adan Collection. Being the only handwritten Korean translation of the work, the Tale of Mei Fei in the Adan Collection was appended by the translations of ${\ll}$한셩뎨됴비연합덕젼${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$당고종무후뎐${\gg}$. As for the practice of translation of the work, literal "word to word" translation was done for the most part of the text; some sentences were occasionally translated liberally. Also, as for the poems in the text, pronunciation of each Chinese character was provided along with the translated text.