• 생물정신의학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2005

목 적: 많은 연구에서 정신분열병에서 염증반응체계의 활성화와 사이토카인의 변화가 병태생리학적 및 원인적 역할을 하는 것으로 보고되어 왔으며, 여기에는 type 1 Thelper cell(Th1), type 2 T helper cell(Th2), type 3 T helper cell(Th3)의 조절 이상이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병 약물 치료 전후로 Th1 사이토카인인 interleukin-12(IL-12), Th3 사이토카인인 transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$(TGF-${\beta}1$)의 혈장 농도를 측정하였다. 방 법: 23명의 정신분열병 환자군과 31명의 정상대조군에서 IL-12와 TGF-${\beta}1$ 농도를 측정하였고 정신분열병 환자군에서는 8주간 항정신병 약물로 치료 후 다시 IL-12와 TGF-${\beta}1$의 농도를 측정하였다. 또한 정신분열병 환자군에서 치료전과 8주간 치료 후, 2차례에 걸쳐 Brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS)를 측정하였다. 결 과: 치료전 IL-12 농도와 TGF-${\beta}1$ 농도 모두 정상대조군보다 환자군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 8주간의 치료 후 TGF-${\beta}1$ 농도는 유의하게 감소하여 정상대조군의 농도와 차이를 보이지 않게 된 반면, IL-12의 농도는 유의하지 않은 감소를 보였다. BPRS 점수의 변화 및 IL-12 및 TGF-${\beta}1$의 농도의 변화 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론: 정신분열병의 병태생리학에 사이토카인의 이상이 관여할 수 있으며, TGF-${\beta}1$이 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.389-392
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• 1994

To purify transforming growth factor type beta(TGF-$\beta$) in canine platelets, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and semipreparative HPLC were carried out. The column of $2.0 {\times}120cm$ was used for gel filtration and one inch semipreparative column filled with SP-Toyopeal for HPLC. Electrophoresis and bioassay using African green monkey kidney cell were used for identification of TGF-$\beta$ Crude TGF-$\beta$ of 2.75mg was extracted from 5.2g of the platelets by the treatment of acid/ethanol. In gel filtration of crude TGF-$\beta$, 4 peaks were observed at the detection of spectrophotometer at 280nm. Electrophoresis and bioassay identified the 3rd peak TGF-$\beta$. Linear gradient elution from 0 to 3M NaCl in sornipreparative HPLC showed TGF-$\beta$ at 1.5M NaCl. Gel filtration was less expensive and useful method for the purification of TGF-$\beta$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.805-809
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• 2006

배경: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 receptor II(TGF-${\beta}1RII$) 단백질의 과발현이 폐기포 조직의 형성에 관여할 수 있다는 연구 결과를 본 연구팀은 발표한 바 있다. 이와 관련하여 폐기포벽에서 발견되는 섬유화에 관계될 것으로 생각되는 Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-${\beta}1$) ligand의 발현의 변화를 보기 위하여 자연기흉 환자에서 폐기포 절제슬로 획득한 폐 기포조직을 면역조직화학적 염색법으로 염색하여 관찰하려 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 36명의 자연기흉의 환자에서 비디오흉강경 폐기포절제술 시 획득된 폐기포조직을 획득하였다. 36명 환자 중 남자가 34명, 여자가 2명이었고 연령은 14세에서 38세였다. 획득된 폐기포조직을 면역조직화학적 염색방법으로 염색하였다. 결과: 36명 중 19예에서 TGF-${\beta}1$ 양성이었고 24예에서는 transforming growth factor-beta 1 receptor II(TGF-${\beta}1RII$)가 양성이었다. 19예의 TGF-${\beta}1$ 양성 예 중 15예에서 TGF-${\beta}1RII$에도 양성으로 관찰되었다. 이 같은 양성 변화는 폐기포조직과 정상 폐 조직과의 경계선에서 가장 강하게 관찰되었다. 결론: TGF-${\beta}1$의 과발현은 TGF-${\beta}1RII$ 발현의 변이 여부와 마찬가지로 폐기포벽의 섬유화를 초래하여 폐기포 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되며 확실한 규명을 위하여 분자생물학적 및 기타 추가적인 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2001

Background : Many investigators have found transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) to be elevated in tumors. Changes in responsiveness to TGF-${\beta}1$ have been linked to malignant transformation, tumor progression and tumor regression. Many malignant cell lines of epithelial or hematopoietic origin are refractory to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-${\beta}1$. However, a little is known about the association of TGF-${\beta}1$ with progression of malignant tumor. Methods : In this study, we measured the plasma level of TGF-${\beta}1$ in various cancer patients and evaluated the utility of plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ as a possible tumor marker. Plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cancer patients and normal controls. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as tumor marker were compared with TGF-${\beta}1$ in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity. Results : The mean of plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ levels was $1.219{\pm}0.834ng/ml$ in normal controls, $5.491{\pm}3.598ng/ml$ in breast cancer, $12.670{\pm}10.386ng/ml$ in lung cancer, $5.747{\pm}3.228ng/ml$ in hepatocellular carcinoma and $10.854{\pm}7.996ng/ml$ in cervical cancer. In comparison with CEA and AFP, TGF-${\beta}1$ is more sensitive. Conclusion : We conclude that the high levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ are common in the plasma of cancer patients. These results suggest that the plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ level can be a potent tumor marker in various cancer patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2014

Marfan syndrome is one of the collagen vascular diseases that theoretically predisposes patients to excessive radiation-induced fibrosis yet there is minimal published literature regarding this clinical scenario. We present a patient with a history of Marfan syndrome requiring radiation for a diagnosis of a right brachial plexus malignant nerve sheath tumor. It has been suggested that plasma transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$) can be monitored as a predictor of subsequent fibrosis in this population of high risk patients. We therefore monitored the patient's TGF-${\beta}1$ level during and after treatment. Despite maintaining stable levels of plasma TGF-${\beta}1$, our patient still developed extensive fibrosis resulting in impaired range of motion. Our case reports presents a review of the literature of patients with Marfan syndrome requiring radiation therapy and the limitations of serum markers on predicting long-term toxicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2011

Objective: This study was performed to identify whether growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) expressions would be lower in the follicular fluid (FF) of those over age 35 who underwent IVF than under age 35. Methods: A total of 24 IVF cycles (20 patients) were included in this study. All of patients were stimulated for IVF by the GnRH short protocol and divided into two groups for analysis, according to their age: <35 group (14 cycles, 11 patients) vs. ${\geq}35$ group (10 cycles, 9 patients). The expression levels of GDF-9 and TGF-${\beta}1$ were determined by western blotting and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The numbers of retrieved oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were significantly lower in the ${\geq}35$ group. Lower expression of GDF-9 and TGF-${\beta}1$ by western blotting in the ${\geq}35$ group were observed as well. The mean GDF-9 and TGF-${\beta}1$ levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were lower in the ${\geq}35$ group. The values were $6,850.5{\pm}928.4$ ng/L vs. $3,333.3{\pm}1,089.2$ ng/L of GDF-9 ($p$ <0.05) and $3,844.1{\pm}571.1$ ng/L vs. $2,187.7{\pm}754.0$ ng/L of TGF-${\beta}1$ ($p$ <0.05). A negative correlation between GDF-9 and age was observed (r=-0.546, $p$=0.006). Conclusion: GDF-9 and TGF-${\beta}1$ production from stimulated ovaries during IVF appears to decrease with age.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2006

Background : Several studies have suggested that alterations of cytokine level could be related to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In this study, we measured plasma level of Interleukin-12(IL-12), a pro-inflammatory cytokine and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$1(TGF-${\beta}$1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine before and after treatment in acute manic patients. Methods : The plasma concentrations of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$1 were measured using quantitative ELISA in 18 bipolar disorder patients and 25 normal controls at admission and 6 weeks later. The psychopathology was measured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS). Results : IL-12 levels were significantly higher in bipolar manic patients than in controls before treatment. Following the 6-week treatment, the IL-12 level was decreased than before treatment, but sustained still higher level than normal control. TGF-${\beta}$1 level was not significant different between manic patients and normal controls before treatment, but was increased after treatment comparing with before treatment in bipolar patients. The ratio of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$1 was significantly decreased after treatment. Conclusion : Cytokine abnormalities in bipolar disorder might be involved in the pathophysiology of the illness. It is possible that TGF-${\beta}$1 plays an important role in the regulation of immunological imbalance in bipolar disorder.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2002

Using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, strategies for developing high producers for the recombinant human Transforming Growth $Factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) protein are proposed and their physiological characteristics in cell cultures were investigated. $TGF-{\beta}1$ is a pleiotrophic polypeptide involved in various biological activities, including cell growth, differentiation, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The CHO cells included human $TGF-{\beta}1$ cDNA in conjunction with a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene, which was cotransfected into the cells to amplify the transfected $TGF-{\beta}1$ cDNA. As a first-round screening of the transfected cells, a relatively high $TGF-{\beta}1$-producing cell line was selected, and then, it acquired a resistance to increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) up to $60{\mu}M$,resulting in a significant improvement in its $TGF-{\beta}1$ biosynthetic ability. After applying a monoclonal selection strategy to the MTX-resistant cells, more productive cells were screened, including the APP-3, App-5, and App-8 cell lines. These high producers were compared with two other cell lines (AP-l cell line without amplification of transfected $TGF-{\beta}1$ cDNA and nontransfectant of $TGF-{\beta}1$ cDNA) in terms of cell growth, $TGF-{\beta}1$ productivity, sugar uptake, and byproduct formation, in the presence or absence of MTX in the culture medium. Consequently, both monoclonal selection as well as an investigation of the physiological characteristics were found to be needed for the efficient screening of higher $TGF-{\beta}1$ producers, even after the transfection and amplification of the transfected gene.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1857-1862
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• 2013

교원질을 비롯한 세포외기질의 생합성을 통해 피부장력과 탄력 등 피부 특성을 제공하는 진피섬유모세포는 피부노화와 함께 활성이 감소되어 주름 형성의 이유가 된다. 따라서 젊고 건강한 피부를 유지하기 위해서는 진피섬유 모세포의 활성화가 큰 의미를 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 대복피 에탄올추출물이 진피섬유모세포의 세포외기질 합성에 미치는 영향을 ELISA, Western blot analysis 및 RT-PCR 등의 in vitro 평가법으로 측정하였다. ELISA와 western blot analysis에서 대복피추출물은 제1형 교원질, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$)의 생성을 촉진시켰고, RT-PCR에서는 COL1A1, TGF-${\beta}1$, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), insulin growth factor (IGF)-1의 유전자 발현을 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과로부터 대복피추출물은 진피섬유모세포에서 세포외기질의 생성을 촉진시키는 천연소재인 것으로 판단되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.728-732
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• 2008

FoxO3a is a member of the forkhead box class O (FoxO) transcription factor family and an important regulator of apoptosis. This work aimed to elucidate the involvement of FoxO3a in transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$(TGF-${\beta}1$)-induced apoptosis in FaO rat hepatoma cells. TGF-${\beta}1$ caused a time-dependent activation of FoxO3a and a subsequent increase in FoxO response-element-containing luciferase reporter activity, which was Akt-sensitive. The FaO cells stably transfected with a wild type FoxO3a were more susceptible to the formation of apoptotic bodies, populations of sub-G1 apoptotic cells, and collapse of the mitochondrial-membrane potential triggered by TGF-${\beta}1$. In contrast, transfection with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotide specific for FoxO3a significantly inhibited caspase activation in FaO cells treated with TGF-${\beta}1$. It thus appears that FoxO3a plays a crucial mediatory role in the TGF-${\beta}1$ signaling pathway leading to apoptosis.