• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2012

The torsion beam type of rear suspension has been adopted by most manufactures of small to medium front wheel drive passenger cars. Previous studies analyzed only the load characteristics of CTBA(the coupled torsion beam axle)'s components. This paper analyzed the results of measurement after measuring loads and displacements, angles when a car equipped with the coupled torsion beam axle is driving in various roads. The most important durability factors for CTBA part are the force and direction of rear CTBA trailing arm. If there are design changes, it was difficult to make a sensor and install each time for measuring the trailing arm forces. After analyzing the loading histories between body and chassis, we developed the transformation matrix that can be converted to mutual force. This paper also deals with the analysis of the force behavior through the analysis of the influence and correlation between the body and chassis parts of cars.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2001

완두 자엽세포에 대한 저장단백질 과립의 발달은 단백질 저장 액포의 가장자리에 축적된 단백질의 fragmentation에 의해서 이루어지는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 최근 이 외에도 terminal dilation, transformation, denovo development등의 독립적인 과정이 각각 다른 시기에 관찰되므로서 단백과립의 발달은 이러한 여러 과정이 모두 나타나는 복합과정임이 알려졌다. 이러한 과정과는 별도로 종자발달의 이른시기에 소포체 내강에 축적되는 저장단백질과 여기서 발달하는 단백과립에 대하여 규명하고자 발달중인 종자의 자엽으로부터 단일 세포를 얻어서 면역세포 화학적 반응을 실시하였다. 그 결과 종자발달의 이른 시기에는 legumin이, 중간시기 이후 에는 vicilin이 축적되므로서 단백질이 축적된 소포체가 단백과립으로 발달하는 것으로 나타났다 소포체 내강에 존재하는 단백질인 $\alpha-Tip$은 비교적 늦은시기에, toneplast membrane protein인 PPase는 이른시기에 각각 면역 세포화학적 반응이 관찰되었다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

The villages in island were established overcoming natural environment through Shamanism and changed by developing various industrials like transportation. Gapa Island located in southern part of Jejudo is flat topography different from the other islands. The purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics on transformation of community space in Gapa Island. For purpose, community spaces in Gapa Island are researched such as establishment, function, change, and use of community space. Spatial components in Gapa Island are like as spaces in faith, residential area, area for production, commercial zone, community space, education facilities, public offices, port, and roads. The methods of this study are literature research and interview survey for residents in Gapa Island. The results are as followings: First, community space is in charge about social, industrial, and religious function. Second, for traditional spaces separated for male and female, demarcation of space does not exist in industrial side but the demarcation has still been exist in religious side. Finally, by development of tourism new community space has been charge in festival function as well as function of space like agora for meeting with people freely, which is relatively various in function of community space in social side. Role of the dock for ship, main transportation of island, is being increasing as square.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2001

Traditionally, genetic variability is generated by an extensive crossing program, which is complemented by strict selection to identify useful new recombinants. Plant biotechnology offers many opportunities for breeders to solve certain breeding problems at the molecular level. The tissue culture methodology and the genetic modification of economically important monocotyledons have undergone a revolution in the last decade. As the production of transgenic plants is a complex procedure, including the uptake of DNA molecules into the cells, the integration of foreign nucleotide sequences into the host genomic DNA and the expression of new genes in a controlled way, and as there are still many unsolved questions, further development is necessary. The methodology opens up the possibility of introducing novel genes that may induce resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, allow the modification of dough quality and the dietetic quality of proteins, and increase the levels of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamins. In the present review, the authors would like to summarise the most important advances in wheat transformation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2023

To further explore the molecular mechanism of triterpenoid biosynthesis and acquire high-value strain of Sanghuangporus baumii, the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system was studied. The key triterpenoid biosynthesis-associated gene isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) was transformed into S. baumii by ATMT system. Then, the qRT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene transcript level, and the widely targeted metabolomics was used to investigate individual triterpenoid content. Total triterpenoid content and anti-oxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometer. In this study, we for the first time established an efficient ATMT system and transferred the IDI gene into S. baumii. Relative to the wild-type (WT) strain, the IDI-transformant (IT) strain showed significantly higher transcript levels of IDI and total triterpenoid content. We then investigated individual triterpenoids in S. baumii, which led to the identification of 10 distinct triterpenoids. The contents of individual triterpenoids produced by the IT2 strain were 1.76-10.03 times higher than those produced by the WT strain. The triterpenoid production showed a significant positive correlation with the IDI gene expression. Besides, IT2 strain showed better anti-oxidant activity. The findings provide valuable information about the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoids and provide a strategy for cultivating high-value S. baumii strains.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

Accurate knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) features and their relative changes over upon the time are essential for sustainable urban management. Urban sprawl growth has been always also a worldwide concern that needs to carefully monitor particularly in a developing country where unplanned building constriction has been expanding at a high rate. Recently, remotely sensed imageries with a very high spatial/spectral resolution and state of the art machine learning approaches sent the urban classification and growth monitoring to a higher level. In this research, we classified the Quickbird satellite imagery by object-based image analysis of Dempster-Shafer (OBIA-DS) for the years of 2002 and 2015 at Karbala-Iraq. The real LULC changes including, residential sprawl expansion, amongst these years, were identified via change detection procedure. In accordance with extracted features of LULC and detected trend of urban pattern, the future LULC dynamic was simulated by using land transformation model (LTM) in geospatial information system (GIS) platform. Both classification and prediction stages were successfully validated using ground control points (GCPs) through accuracy assessment metric of Kappa coefficient that indicated 0.87 and 0.91 for 2002 and 2015 classification as well as 0.79 for prediction part. Detail results revealed a substantial growth in building over fifteen years that mostly replaced by agriculture and orchard field. The prediction scenario of LULC sprawl development for 2030 revealed a substantial decline in green and agriculture land as well as an extensive increment in build-up area especially at the countryside of the city without following the residential pattern standard. The proposed method helps urban decision-makers to identify the detail temporal-spatial growth pattern of highly populated cities like Karbala. Additionally, the results of this study can be considered as a probable future map in order to design enough future social services and amenities for the local inhabitants.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.925-935
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• 2015

DNA methylation is a well-characterized epigenetic modification that plays central roles in mammalian development, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and silencing of retrotransposon elements. Aberrant DNA methylation pattern is a characteristic feature of cancers and associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or repair genes. Ten-eleven-translocation (TET) proteins are recently characterized dioxygenases that catalyze progressive oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to produce 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further oxidized derivatives. These oxidized methylcytosines not only potentiate DNA demethylation but also behave as independent epigenetic modifications per se. The expression or activity of TET proteins and DNA hydroxymethylation are highly dysregulated in a wide range of cancers including hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies, and accumulating evidence points TET proteins as a novel tumor suppressor in cancers. Here we review DNA demethylation-dependent and -independent functions of TET proteins. We also describe diverse TET loss-of-function mutations that are recurrently found in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies and their potential roles in hematopoietic transformation. We discuss consequences of the deficiency of individual Tet genes and potential compensation between different Tet members in mice. Possible mechanisms underlying facilitated oncogenic transformation of TET-deficient hematopoietic cells are also described. Lastly, we address non-mutational mechanisms that lead to suppression or inactivation of TET proteins in cancers. Strategies to restore normal 5mC oxidation status in cancers by targeting TET proteins may provide new avenues to expedite the development of promising anti-cancer agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3035-3041
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• 2016

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of women worldwide. In the past it was considered as disease of older middle aged women, but the incidence of BC in young females is growing in recent years concordant with studies in Pakistan. In this paper, we reviewed the mutant functions of tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, ATM and PTEN), epigenetic transformation and involvement of estrogen receptors in development of breast cancer. We further reviewed the current situation of BC in Pakistan that depicts a higher incidence in young females. According to SKMCH and RC data, age group 45-49 years is more prone to BC with high rate of incidence 45.42%. A few studies explored the high expression of ER, PR and HER-2/neu in Pakistani females. Moreover, presence of BRCA1 (c.1961dupA) mutation in Pakistani shows concordance with data in different areas of world. But we are unable to find an authentic study that can explore epigenetic based transformation of breast tumors in Pakistan. This area of research needs more attention to explore the complete picture of BC in Pakistan.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to introduce phosphinothricin acetyl -transferase(PAT) gene, resistant to basta and non-selective herbidide, into tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv.BY4). For shoot formation,tobacco leaf disks were placed on the MS medium supplemented with 2.0mg/L BA and 0.1mg/L NAA. In this medium condition, tobacco leaf disces were cocultivated with A. tumefaciens MP90 containing NPT IIand PAT resistant to kanamycin and Basta, respectively. Shoots were obtained in the medium containing antibiotics, and those were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with 0.1mg/L NAA and antibiotics. The plants obtaining roots were transplanted into soil. Phenotype of transgenic tobacco plant was mostly as normal plant. However, about 5% was abnormal plant, which did not set seeds. PCR analysis and southern blot were performed to determine transformation. As the results, it was confirmed that PAT gene was stably integrated into tobacco genome.When herbicide, basta, was sprayed to the plants confirmed by PCR, the transgenic plants showed normal growth, whereas normal plants died. Therefore, the result of this experiment show that tobacco transformation for the resistance to basta, non-selective herbicide, was successful because PAT gene was stably integrated into tobacco.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.389-411
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• 2008

본고는 지역 거버넌스의 변화 측면에서 다임러벤츠의 홈타운 독일의 슈투트가르(Stuttgart)와 피아트의 홈타운 이탈리아 토리노(Torino)의 자동차 클러스터가 경제적 위기에 대응하여 어떻게 재구조화를 추진했는지를 살펴보았다. 이러한 두 지역의 비교를 통해 자동차산업에서 수직 통합에서 수직 분산적 생산방식으로의 변동이 상이한 지역발전경로를 창출하는 미시적 동학을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석에 기반하여 최근의 자동차산업의 생산방식의 변화가 전세계적으로 수렴되는 것이 아니라 각 지역의 유산에 따라 그것은 상이한 경로를 보여주며, 이는 관련된 경제주체 간의 지역 거버넌스와 긴밀히 연계되어 있음을 강조하였다.