• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the transfer in mathematics learning, especially focussing on arithmetic and algebra. There are many obstacles at the stage of transfer in learning. In the case of mathematics, each learning contents are definitely categorized by the learning level, therefore these obstacles are more happened than other subjects. First of all, this paper investigates the historical transfer from arithmetic to algebra by Sfard's perspectives. And we define prealgebra as the stage between arithmetic and algebra, which may be revised obstacles or misconceptions happened in the early algebra learning. Also, this paper discusses various obstacles and concrete examples happened in the transfer from arithmetic to algebra. To advance the understanding in the learning of algebra, we consider the core contents of the algebra learning which should be stressed at the prealgebra stage. Finally we present the teaching units of (pre)algebra which are sequenced from the variable concepts to equations.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.133-143
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• 2001

Technology transfer from universities and research institutes to industries is recognized as a critical issue to strengthen industrial competitiveness, and the roles of technology transfer intermediaries are becoming one of the most important factors for successful technology transfer In today's global and knowledge-based economies, technology transfer services are started shifting to Internet and vertical transfer of technology from R&D labs to industries is becoming more emphasized than horizontal company-to-company transfer of commercialized technology. And the need of comprehensive technology transfer services necessitates cooperation among technology transfer intermediaries and networks offering complementary services. In order to respond to these changes, it is required to construct a new type of technology transfer system. But there are few researches on technology transfer system configuration for design and realization of technology transfer intermediaries. This paper presents the configuration models of technology transfer from universities and research institutes to industries. The configuration models are classified and described from the viewpoint of flows of information, technology and knowledge.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

Technology transfer is recognized as a critical issue to strengthen industri competitiveness in today's global and knowledge-based economies. The vertical transfer of technology from R&D labs to industries is becoming more emphasized than the horizontal company-to-company transfer of commercialized technology. The network and cooperation among technology transfer intermediaries are becoming more important with the increasing demand of the comprehensive technology transfer services. This paper presents the configuration models for technology transfer from universities and research institutes to industries. The configuration models are classified and discussed from the viewpoint of information flow, and also technology and knowledge transfer.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2007

This paper deals with analytical prediction for electromagnetic characteristics of a tubular linear actuator with Halbach array using transfer relations, namely, Melcher's methodology. Using transfer relations derived in terms of magnetic vector potential and a two-dimensional (2-d) cylindrical coordinate system, this paper derives analytical solutions for magnetic vector potential due to permanent magnets (PMs) and stator winding currents. On the basis of these analytical solutions, this paper also achieves analytical solutions for the magnetic fields distribution produced by PMs, stator windings current and axial thrust. The analytical results are validated extensively by finite element (FE) analyses. In particular, test results such as thrust measurements are given to confirm the analysis. Finally, this paper estimates control parameters using analytical solutions and test results such as thrust, back-emf, inductance and resistance measurements.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.419-424
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• 2001

This paper deals with the development of a new method that can obtain heat transfer coefficient and reference tree stream temperature simultaneously. The method is based on transient heat transfer experiments using two narrow-band TLCs. The method is validated through error analysis in terms of the random uncertainties in the measured temperatures. It is shown how the uncertainties in heat transfer coefficient and tree stream temperature can be reduced. The general method described in this paper is applicable to many heat transfer models with unknown free stream temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.158-164
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• 1999

In this paper a simple measurement technique for mechanical-acoustic transfer functions is proposed . The mechanical-acoustic transfer functions, generally , are measured through mechanical excitations ; impact hammers or shakers. Recently , by virtue of vibro-acoustical reciprocity principle, they are measured through acoustic excitations : loudspeakers. This kind of test needs to measure the volume velocity , the radiation characteristics of a sound source. Because the volume velocity of the sound source is changed by driving signal , it is difficult to measure it. However , the new method in this paper needs not to measure the volume velocity of a sound source by combination of mechanical and acoustic excitations. Moreover, this method has the methodological advantages, such as usage of a general loudspeaker for the reciprocal excitation, no sptatial limitations for measurements of mechanical-acoustic transfer functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.774-781
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• 2006

This paper presents a study on the analytical prediction of vibration transmission from helical gears to the bearing. The proposed method is based on the application of the three dimensional helical gear behaviors and complete description of shaft by the spectral method. Helical gear system used in this paper consists of the driving element, helical gears, shafts, bearings, couplings and load element. In order to describe all translation and rotation motion of helical gears twelve degree of freedom equations of motion by the transmission error excitation are derived. Using these equations, transfer matrix for the helical gear is derived. For the detail behavior of shaft motion, the $12{\times}12$ transfer matrix for the shaft is derived. Transfer matrix for the bearing, coupling, driving element, and load is also derived. Application of the boundary conditions in the assembled transfer matrix produces the forces and displacements in each element of the helical gear system. The effect of the proposed method is shown by numerical example.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.581-588
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• 1998

An experimental study of the absorption process of water vapor into Lithium Bromide solution was performed. For the purpose of development of high performance absorption chiller-heater utilizing Lithium Bromide solution as working fluid, the absorber is the most effective to improve the performance of an absorber because it requires the largest heat transfer area in an absorption chiller-heater system. This paper introduces bare tube and floral tube for the absorber of absorption chiller-heaters. floral tube has higher heat and mass transfer performance than bare tube conventionally used in absorbers and the it is expected to perform high heat and mass transfer. This paper will provide important information on the selection of absorber tubes in commercial absorption chiller -heaters.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2002

In multi-dimensional systems, various solution schemes for radiative transfer are suggested but the applicabilities and accuracies of these schemes have not yet fully tested due to the lack of reference solutions especially for nongray gases. In this paper we present some precise radiative transfer solutions for a black walled 3-dimensional cylindrical system filled with nongray gases having uniform temperature and concentration. The ray-tracing method with the $T_N$ quadrature set and the SNB model are used to obtain the radiative transfer solutions by the nongray gases. The solutions presented in this paper are proved to be quite accurate and can be regarded as the reference solutions for the radiative transfer by nongray gases.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.53-67
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• 2019

Reverse knowledge transfer has been an important research theme in the literature on multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper proposes major determinants of MNC headquarters' willingness to adopt and use marketing knowledge from their subsidiaries. We argue that the willingness will be jointly determined by both the headquarter's absorptive capacity and the focal subsidiary's transfer capacity and willingness to transfer. In addition, we argue that these capability and motivation effects are moderated by (1) institutional distance between home and the focal host country, (2) the need to unlearn existing routines, and (3) types of entry modes. This paper contributes to the reverse knowledge transfer literature by proposing the argument that both motivational and capability factors are likely to determine the MNC parents' willingness to adopt and use marketing knowledge from their subsidiaries.