• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

In this paper, we examine the points of similarity and difference between Korea, Japan, and the USA in terms of the spin-off effects of space technology on cultural life. In Japan and the USA, spin-off effects of space development research by government funded research centers are diffusive while in Korea they are interruptive. Spin-offs of research results impact cultural life via technology transfer and commercialization in businesses. This is because the Korean aerospace industry has progressed largely based on an overall system, but the promotion of internal parts and sub-systems, which can trigger technological development and spin-off effects in manufacturing, has been neglected. In the case of the KARI, the government funded research center, we argue that it is necessary for KARI to devote more resources to transfer (or promote spin-offs of) space technology to small and medium-sized businesses and other industries.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2005

(-)-Fumagillol (1), a hydrolysis product of fumagillin, has been synthesized by several group from commercially available 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-${\alpha}$-D-allofuranose in a highly stereoselective manner. Chiral centers on C5 and C6 came from D-allofuranose and the asymmetric center on C4 was accomplished by 1,3-chirality transfer using the Claisen rearrangement on a chiral allyl alcohol. Chirality, which is necessary on an epoxide consisting of the spiro-ring system, was diastereoselectively constructed by the well-known reaction, intramolecular ester enolate alkylation (IEEA), which showed that this reaction can be applied to the alpha-alkoxy ester system. The epoxide on the side chain was regioselectively introduced by the difference between the number of substituents on the vinyl groups. This accomplishment proved that IEEA can be a useful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2012

The smart grid, which is an integrated type of the power system and the digital network, requires the integration of a CIM(Common Information Model) standard for information modelling at the power control centers and an IEC 61850 standard for automation at the substation level in order to efficiently exchange the information between system elements. This paper describes the method of data transfer from one standard information model to the other standard unified information model by mapping between the objects of IEC 61850 and IEC61970 CIM standards both in the static and dynamic models, and designs the method of data transfer and information exchange between the topology processing application using unified topology class packages.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6D
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• pp.561-567
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• 2010

Recently, several number of Multi-Intermodal Transfer Center are nominated to improve convenience of public transportation user. Due to budget constraints, it should be defined which is the first consideration among the discussed many works. In this circumstance, there are some absurdities in the evaluation of validity of existing methods. Therefore, we suggested the Priority Order Valuation for Multi-Intermodal Transfer Centerer. The evaluation method, we suggested, is considered quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. In this study, we find out that B/C ratio and construction costs are strongly related to the quantitative analysis so that Multi-Intermodal Transfer Centers in metropolitan area are evaluated the positive results. Therefore, both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are applied to the Priority Order, metropolitan area and other area are fairly evaluated the results for the Priority Order.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.35-39
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• 1997

Recent development of human genetics and techniques of gene transfer and expression have opened the way for investigating novel approaches based on the genetic modification of cells to treat both inherited and acquired diseases. This approach is referred to as gene therapy. Over the past few years, gene therapy has moved from the laboratory to phase I clinical trials. Although the clinical performance of gene transfer experiments is still in an early phase of development, the NIH of Health Recombinant DNA Advisory Comittee (RAC) has approved more than 150 protocols that involve gene transfer or putative gene therapy procedures in clinical settings. Many sectors of society in United States have participated in the design and formulation of these clinical trials through local Institutional Review Boards, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RAC, the Chemotherapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer institute, and the FDA. Currently, clinical trials involving gene modification are under way at many medical centers throughout the United Slates. The goals of these trials are as follows. (1) The design should be directed to short-term achievable goals. (2) Each clinical trial is best considered as an intermediate step in a multistep process. (3) The design should identify evaluable proximate endpoints for toxicity and for efficacy, (4) The potential benefits and possible risks for patients participating in these trial should be defined.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.151-162
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• 2019

Surface temperature has been derived from the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER) mid-wave infrared single channel data using the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model with input data including the University of Wisconsin (UW) emissivity, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric profiles, and solar and line-of-sight geometry. We have selected the study area that covers some surface types such as water, sand, agricultural (vegetated) land, and clouds. Results of the current study show the reasonable geographical distribution of surface temperature over land and water similar to the pattern of the MASTER L2 surface temperature. The thorough quantitative validation of surface temperature retrieved from this study is somehow limited due to the lack of in-situ measurements. One point comparison at the Salton Sea buoy shows that the present estimate is 1.8 K higher than the field data. Further comparison with the MASTER L2 surface temperature over the study area reveals statistically good agreement with mean differences of 4.6 K between two estimates. We further analyze the surface temperature differences between two estimates and find primary factors to be emissivity and atmospheric correction.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.1857-1863
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• 2012

The VDS(Vehicle Detection System) collects and transfers information about traffic situations in real time, therefore it makes the traffic management effective. Recently, the VDSs have provided good stability and accuracy in regard to system reliability and functions but they also have showed problems such as raising costs and consuming times when a new system is installed and/or the environmental requirements for the system are set up. The reason of the problems is that up to now the collection of the data and information about the traffic situations has been achieved by the 1:1 information exchange between the traffic control surveillance center and the each traffic field, between equipments and centers, and among data processing equipments and also centers. The communication systems used in the VDS are generally composed of 1 : 1 connection of the lines because the communication protocols are different in the most of the cases mentioned above. Consequently, this makes the number of communication lines become larger and causes the cost for the whole traffic information systems to increase. In this paper, a development of a controller to unify the communication protocols for the VDS is peformed to solve the problems which were mentioned above. Specially, the controller developed in this paper was applied to a radar vehicle detector and tested to show its usefulness. In addition to that, the developed controller was also designed to include functions to transfer the information about weather conditions on the roads.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.654-660
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• 1998

$[Fe^{II}Fe^{III}BPLMP(OAc)_2](BPh_4)_2$ (1), a new model for the reduced form of the purple acid phosphatases, has been synthesized by using a dinucleating ligand, 2,6-bis[((2-pyridylmethyl)(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amino) methyl]-4-methylphenol (HBPLMP). Complex I has been characterized by X-ray diffraction method as having (μ-phenoxo)bis(acetato)diiron core. Complex 1 was crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the following cell parameters: a=41.620(6) Å, b=14.020(3) Å, c=27.007(4) Å, β=90.60(2)°, and Z=8. The iron centers in the complex 1 are ordered as indicated by the difference in the Fe-O bond lengths which match well with typical $Fe^{III}-O\; and\; Fe^{II}-O$ bond lengths. Complex 1 has been studied by electronic spectral, NMR, EPR, SQUID, and electochemical methods. Complex 1 exhibits strong bands at 592 nm, 1380 nm in $CH_3CN$ (ε = 1.0 × 103 , 3.0 × 102). These are assigned to $phenolate-to-Fe^{III}$ and intervalence charge-transfer transitions, respectively. Its NMR spectrum exhibits sharp isotropically shifted resonances, which number half of those expected for a valence-trapped species, indicating that electron transfer between $Fe^{II}\;and\;Fe^{III}$ centers is faster than NMR time scale. This complex undergoes quasireversible one-electron redox processes. The $Fe^{III}_2/Fe^{II}Fe^{III}\;and\;Fe^{II}Fe^{III}/Fe^{II}_2$ redox couples are at 0.655 and -0.085 V vs SCE, respectively. It has $K_{comp}=3.3{\times}10^{12}$ representing that BPLMP/bis(acetate) ligand combination stabilizes a mixed-valence $Fe^{II}Fe^{III}$ complex in the air. Complex 1 exhibits a broad EPR signal centered near g=1.55 which is a characteristic feature of the antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin $Fe^{II}Fe^{III}$ system $(S_{total}=1/2)$. This is consistent with the magnetic susceptibility study showing the weak antiferromagnetic coupling $(J= - 4.6\;cm^{-1},\; H= - 2JS_1{\cdot}S2)$ between $Fe^{II}\; and \;Fe^{III}$center.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.31-50
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• 2018

This study implemented an empirical analysis of education and training for dangerous goods and hazardous materials handlers on the Busan New Port terminals and hinterland logistics centers using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in combination with the formative model and reflective model, from the viewpoint of the supply chain. An effect size analysis was also conducted. The results of the empirical analysis show that Training Environment and the Atmosphere of Education have a positive influence on the Educational Expectation of hazardous material handlers, and the Educational Expectation has a positive influence on the Education and Training Program and Transfer of Education Training. Likewise, the Education and Training Program has a positive influence on the Transfer of Education Training and Result of Education and Training. Furthermore, the Transfer of Education Training has a positive influence on the Result of Education and Training. The Result of Education and Training has a positive influence on the Present State of hazardous material management. According to the results of the effect size analysis, the following parameters represented a great effect: the Atmosphere of Education to the Education Expectation, the Education Expectation to the Education and Training Program, the Transfer of Education Training to the Result of Education and Training, and the Result of Education and Training to the Present State of Dangerous Goods Management. The results of this study provided various suggestions for related practices.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2577-2582
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• 2013

A novel stick-shaped portable sensing device featuring a microhole array interface between the polyvinylchloride-2-nitrophenyloctylether (PVC-NPOE) gel and water phase was developed for in-situ sensing of perchlorate ions in real water samples. Perchlorate sensitive sensing responses were obtained based on measuring the current changes with respect to the assisted transfer reaction of perchlorate ions by a perchlorate selective ligand namely, bis(dibenzoylmethanato)Ni(II) (Ni(DBM)2) across the polarized microhole array interface. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the assisted transfer reaction of perchlorate ions by the $Ni(DBM)_2$ ligand when using the portable sensing device. The current response for the transfer of perchlorate anions by $Ni(DBM)_2$ across the micro-water/gel interface linearly increased as a function of the perchlorate ion concentration. The technique of differential pulse stripping voltammetry was also utilized to improve the sensitivity of the perchlorate anion detection down to 10 ppb. This was acquired by preconcentrating perchlorate anions in the gel layer by means of holding the ion transfer potential at 0 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 30 s followed by stripping the complexed perchlorate ion with the ligand. The effect of various potential interfering anions on the perchlorate sensor was also investigated and showed an excellent selectivity over $Br^-$, $NO_2{^-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $CO{_3}^{2^-}$, $CH_3COO^-$ and $SO{_4}^{2^-}$ ions. As a final demonstration, some regional water samples from the Sincheon river in Daegu city were analyzed and the data was verified with that of ion chromatography (IC) analysis from one of the Korean-certified water quality evaluation centers.