• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2007

Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) are defined as the sum of all unsaturated fatty acids that contain one or more non-conjugated double bonds in a trans configuration. Dietary trans- fatty acids originate from commercially hydrogenated oils and from dairy and meat fats. From the perspective of the food industry, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are attractive because of their long shelf life, stability during deep-frying, and semisolidity, which can be customized to enhance the palatability of baked goods and fried foods. Although no definite differences have been documented so far between the metabolic and health effects of industrial and ruminant TFAs, the intake of industrially produced TFA has declined, and in Europe, the majority of TFAs are of ruminant origin. Due to the scientific evidence associating TFA intake with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CDH), the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) issued a final rule that requires the amount of trans fat present in foods to be declared on the nutrition label, by December 1, 2007. In addition, many food manufacturers who use partially hydrogenated oils in their products have developed, or are considering ways, to reduce or eliminate trans-fatty acids from certain food products.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.84-86
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• 2008

The Tetrahymena group I intron has been shown to employ a trans-splicing reaction and has been modified to specifically target and replace human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA with a suicide gene transcript, resulting in the induction of selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells that express the target RNA, in animal models as well as in cell cultures. In this study, we evaluated the target RNA specificity of trans-splicing phenomena by the group I intron in mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated with hTERT-expressing human cancer cells to validate the anti-cancer therapeutic applicability of the group I intron. To this end, an adenoviral vector that encoded for the hTERT-targeting group I intron was constructed and systemically injected into the animal. 5'-end RACE-PCR and sequencing analyses of the trans-spliced cDNA clones revealed that all of the analyzed products in the tumor tissue of the virus-infected mice resulted from reactions that were generated only with the targeted hTERT RNA. This study implies the in vivo target specificity of the trans-splicing group I intron and hence suggests that RNA replacement via a trans-splicing reaction by the group I intron is a potent anti-cancer genetic approach.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2009

In this research, fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids of 22 selected meat products produced by Turkish companies were analyzed by capillary gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Total fat contents of the meat products ranged from 11.60-42.50%. Salami had the lowest fat content 11.60% and sucuk (soudjuk) the highest 42.50%. Major fatty acids were C$_{16:0}$, C$_{18:0}$, trans C$_{18:1}$, cis C$_{18:1}$, and C$_{18:2}$ in the samples. Total unsaturated fatty acid contents have changed from 38.73 to 70.71% of total fatty acids, and sausage had the highest percentage among the samples. The majority of samples contain trans fatty acids and the level ranged from 2.28 to 7.95% of the total fatty acids. The highest amount of total trans fatty acids was determined in kavurma (Cavurmas) (7.95%), and total trans fatty acids of meat products such as pastrami contained more than 5% of the total fatty acids.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2018

It is noted that chalcone derivatives have characteristic diverse pharmacological properties, and that precise evidence has been growing that they could regulate a tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) induced insulin resistance. The purpose of the present investigation is to elucidate the effects of the identified chalcone derivatives on adipogenesis, and to find the underlying mechanism of action in that case. Consequently, we first investigated whether the chalcone derivatives could affect the identified $PPAR{\gamma}$-induced transcriptional activity on the proliferator-activated receptor response elements (PPRE) at target promoters, and find that trans-chalcone most significantly increased the $PPAR{\gamma}$-induced transcriptional activity. Additionally, we confirmed that there were up-regulatory effects of trans-chalcone during the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and on the mRNA of adipogenic factors in 3T3-L1 cells. Next, we examined the effect of trans-chalcone on the inhibition induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$ on adipogenesis. To that end, we noted that the treatment with trans-chalcone attenuated the effect of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mediated secretion of various adipokines that are involved in insulin sensitivity. For this reason, we noted that this study clearly demonstrates that trans-chalcone enhanced adipogenesis, in part, by its potent effect on $PPAR{\gamma}$ activation and by its reverse effect on $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.973-980
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• 1998

The fluorescence spectroscopic properties of both trans and cis forms of 9-anthryiethylene derivatives such as 9-AnthCH=$CHCO_2CH_3$ [Ⅰ] and 9-AnthCH=CHCN [Ⅱ] as well as 9-AnthCH=>TEX>$CHCH_2O_2CCH_3$ [Ⅲ] and 9-AnthCH=$CHCH_2OH$ [Ⅳ] have been measured in various solvents. In nonpolar solvent, the trans-I and trans-Ⅱ show dual emission spectral bands at 340 nm and 460 nm when exciting with 270 nm while the other trans derivatives show single emission band at 430 or 460 nm. The dual emissions exhibit different excitation spectra, indicating that two emissive states are different from each other. It is interesting to note that the 340 nm emission of both trans-Ⅰ and trans-Ⅱ is enhanced at the expense of the drastic quenching of the 460 nm emission as the solvent polarity increases. The dual emissions are also observed for both cis-Ⅰ and cis-Ⅱ. The solvent dependence of the fluorescence decay times and quantum yields can be correlated with the solvent and excitation wavelength dependences of the trans→cis photoisomerization quantum yields. These results indicate that the 340 nm emission is originated from the $S_2$ state of the cis-form, and the $S_1$ state is the only singlet excited state presenting a large CT (charge transfer) character to facilitate the photoisomerization.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2008

본 연구는 모유를 섭취하고 있는 생후 7일 이내의 신생아로부터 분리 및 선발된 L. acidophilus를 이용하여 다양한 생리활성을 가진 CLA를 천연적으로 생산하는 젖산균을 Screening하고 선정된 L. acidophilus에 의한 CLA의 최적 생성조건을 설정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 9종의 L. acidophilus를 LA가 $200{\mu}g/mL$의 수준으로 각각 첨가된 MRS 액체배지에 접종하여 48시간 배양한 후 L. acidophilus의 균체 세포막 내에서 형성된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 함량과 배지 내 유리화된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 함량을 측정한 결과, 생균수는 대부분 $10^8\;CFU/mL$ 수준이었으며 균체 내로 전환된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA는 검출되지 않거나 매우 미량 존재하였다. MRS 배지 내 유리화된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA는 전 시험 균주를 통해 생성되었으며 상대적으로 균체 내 생성량 보다 높게 나타났고, L. acidophilus NB 203과 NB 209의 생성량이 $26-27{\mu}g/mL$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 동일한 조건으로 8% 탈지유 배지에 실험한 결과 배양 24시간째의 생균수는 $10^8\;CFU/mL$ 수준이었고, MRS 액체 배지에서의 결과와 유사하게 균체 세포막 내로 incorporation된 cis-9, trans-11 CLA는 대부분의 처리구에서 검출되지 않거나 매우 미량 존재하였으며, 반면 탈지유 배지 내 유리 cis-9, trans-11 CLA는 전 시험 균주를 통해 생성되었고 상대적으로 MRS 액체 배지에서의 생성량 보다 높았으며, 그 중 L. acidophilus NB 203 및 NB 209의 배양액 내 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 생성량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 시험 균주 중 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 생성능이 다른 균주에 비해 높은 것으로 나타난 L. acidophilus NB 203 및 NB 209를 8% 탈지유 배지에 LA 첨가량 및 배양시간을 달리하여 최적 조건을 설정하였으며, 두 시험 균주 모두 LA 첨가에 의한 증식억제 현상은 배양 48시간까지 $1.000{\mu}g/mL$ 첨가 수준에서는 전혀 나타나지 않았으며, $3,000{\mu}g/mL$ 첨가 시 미약하게 나타났다. 배양시간대 별 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 생성량은 두 시험 균주 모두 배양 24시간 이전의 대수증식 기에서 주로 증가하였으며, 배양 24시간 이후부터 생성량이 유지되거나 미량 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. LA의 첨가농도 별 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 생성에 있어 두 시험 균주 모두에서 LA 첨가량이 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 수준일 때 cis-9, trans-11 CLA 생성량이 가장 높았으나 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 첨가구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 특히 첨가량을 $3,000{\mu}g/mL$ 수준으로 높여도 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 수준일 때와 유사하거나 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 이 실험 균주의 최적 LA 생성조건은 탈지유 배지에 LA를 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 수준으로 첨가하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양시로 나타났다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1990

몇 가지 온도와 압력 하에서 $trans-[CoETECl_2]^+$와 $cis-{\beta}-[CoTETCl_2]^+$ 착이온의 수화반응과 $trans-[CoETEClOH_2]_2^+$착이온의 이성질화반응의 반응속도를 분광광도법으로 측정하여 이들 착물의 반응메카니즘을 규명하였다. $trans-[CoETECl_2]^+$와 $cis-{\beta}-[CoTETCl_2]^+$ 착이온의 수화반응에 대한 활성화엔트로피, ${\Delta}S{\neq}$는 각각 4.0 eu 및 5.3 eu이고 활성화부피, ${\Delta}V{\neq}$는 각각 $-5.8 cm^3mol^{-1}$ 및 $-6.6 cm^3mol^{-1}(40^{\circ}C$)이었다. 이들 데이타로부터 수화반응위 메카니즘은 해리(D)메카니즘으로 추정할 수 있었다. $trans-[CoETEClOH_2]^{2+}$ 착이온의 $cis-{beta}-[CoETEClOH_2]^2+$ 로의 이성질화반응에 대한 활성화엔트로피, ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$와 활성화부피, ${\Delta}V^{\neq}$는 각각 9.5 eu 및 $8.4 cm^3mol^{-1}(30^{\circ}C$)이었다. 이들 데이타로부터 이성질화반응의 메카니즘은 $H_2O$가 해리된 후 이성질화가 일어나는 해리(D)메카니즘인 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2008

C형 간염바이러스(hepatitis C virus; HCV) 복제를 효과적이며 특이적으로 제어할 수 있는 유전산물을 개발하기 위하여 특정 리간드 존재에 의해 allosteric하게 그 활성이 조절될 수 있는 HCV 유전체 표적 trans-splicing 리보자임(trans-splicing aptazyme)을 발굴하였다. 이러한 trans-splicing aptazyme은 특정 리간드와 특이적으로 결합하는 RNA aptamer 부위, aptamer와 리간드와의 결합에 의해 리보자임 활성을 유도할 수 있도록 구조적 변이를 전달할 수 있는 communication module부위 및 HCV IRES의 +199 nt를 인지하는trans-splicing리보자임 등으로 구성되도록 설계하였다. 특히 trans-splicing 리보자임의 catalytic core의 P6과 P8 부위에 aptamer와 communication module을 삽입하였을 때 가장 allosteric하게 리보자임 활성이 유도되었다. 이러한 리보자임은 리간드가 없거나 대조 리간드가 존재할 때에는 trans-splicing 반응을 유도하지 못하였으나 특정 리간드가 존재할 때에만 효과적이며 특이적으로 trans-splicing 반응을 유도하여 표적 RNA를 변형시킬 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 이러한 aptazyme은 HCV 증식에 대해 특이적이며 효과적인 억제를 위한 선도물질로 이용 가능할 뿐 아니라 HCV 치료선도 물질의 스크리닝용 도구로서도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.141-143
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• 1984

A metabolic study was performed in order to characterize the in vivo MAO-inhibitory activity of benzyl trans-2-phenylcylopropanecarbamate which was reported to be twice as potent as the tranylcypromine. In the rat urine which was obtained after the administration of the benzyl trans-2-pheny-lcyclopropanecarbamate (40mg/kg) through oral route, a metabolic product, tranylcypromine as well as the intact drug was detected by GC/MS.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2014

We study the geometry of indefinite trans-Sasakian manifold $\bar{M}$, of type (${\alpha},{\beta}$), admitting a half lightlike submanifold M such that the structure vector field of $\bar{M}$ does not belong to the screen and coscreen distributions of M. The purpose of this paper is to prove several classification theorems of such an indefinite trans-Sasakian manifold.