• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.100-111
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• 1997

This is the first Korea study to evaluate the effects od the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic informaion for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major insturment of this study were Krean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudes : driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle conditions, the use of drugs, high-risk behaviors, and human factors. To take the analysis of data, the total of 350 divers were investigated ambulance divers and others in Taejon City and others (6 City) from 1996. 1. July to 1996. 31. July. The data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the logistic regression - path analysis - with SPSS and SAS package program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(16.2%) and undesirable attitude group(17.6%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accidents much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving < Y(Accdient) = -2.64 + 0.57 $X_1$ (Emotion Control) + 0.30 $X_2$(Seed control) + E > and motor traffic acident much affected with emotion control and high-risk behavior on safety driving < Y(Accident) = -1.11 + 0.33 $X_1$(Emotion Control) + 0.29 $X_2$(High-risk Behvior) + E > 4. The primary emphassis of ambulance drivers was make us realized that improthatnt factors on safety ambulance driving were 1)making way for emergent ambulance, 2)driver's career, 3)The ability of emergency medical technics, and the knowledge or under standing of ambulance way difficut(or easy) of accdess. 5. Almost 96.6% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers. 6. Almost 94.6% of respondents have consented to necessity of emergtency medical technicians for ambulance driving. 7. It have suggested that the proportion of traffic accident proportion by desitable attitude group(16.7%) was much less than that of undesirable attitude group(30.8%) on safety ambulance driving(P < 0.05)/Ps) Accidents are unplanned, unforesen incidents which can lead to harmful or unfortunate outcomes, Collisons are not accidents, since the basic cause of the majority of collisons invovles high-risk human behavior. Although there are many factors which contribute to accident causation, four basic factors seem to predominate in most traffic related situations. These four factors include: the human factor, the vehicle factor, the environmental factors and destination factor(Peto G. et al. 1995).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2001

It is necessary to examine from primary school children's viewpoint to perception of safety as to how they cope with a condition threatening safety at the realistic world with risky environment and whether knowledge obtained through education is transmitted to action in a correct way. For this, this study explored and analyzed children's perspective to safety felt in life, their achievement of education to safety as trainees, and their perception extent to safety. As a result of it, following conclusion could be obtained. First, as for safety on their way to school and home, the lower grade they were, the more they felt safe, but the higher they were, the more they felt uneasy, which was examined that they generally had uncomfortable mind. Second, as for whether safety education was performed or not, it was indicated that safety education was generally executed, but lower graders responded that safety education was executed, but high graders responded that it was not executed. Third, as for observance of traffic rules, it was examined lower graders kept them well, but higher graders did not do so. Fourth, as for safety of play, it was indicated lower graders wore protective equipment by parents' concern, but higher graders did not wear them since they were full of confidence counting on their capability. Fifth, as for life safety, it was indicated the area most preferentially educated from parents' viewpoint was traffic safety, and the next ones were gas and fire safety. Sixth, as for fire safety, it was indicated they did not play with fire, but higher graders compared to lower ones, played with fire as the means of curiosity and play. Thus, curricula for children's safety education executed from adults' viewpoint should be established, and assessment of children's safety education should get out of the limitation of execution of safety education to habituated action by the transmission of children's knowledge. Also it is urgent to develop programs with which to perform children;'s education at the level of children, establish and operate safety education facilities for practice education that teachers and children can receive safety education through experience by building up children's safety education related entities. And it is thought that safety should not left to only children, but their safety would be kept by developing and training safety education programs to all organizations and individuals related to safety.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' safety education activities to determine the significant educational diagnosis variables and to identify their needs of safety education in early-child care centers based on the PRECEDE model. Methods: A total of 304 teachers in early-child care centers participated in this study selected by a multi-stage stratified sampling method considering 11 regions in Seoul, Korea. Self-report type questionnaires were posted to all teachers in 220 early-child care centers by ground mailing service and the 304 teachers completed the questionnaires. The participants' responses were anonymously coded into and analyzed in SPSS program. Results: 'Scratch or bite' was the most frequent accident type(78.3%) and the frequent accident places were 'classroom(88.8%)' and 'playground(67.8%)'. The most frequently conducted safety education activities were 'reminding children their safe behaviors at the beginning and the end of daily class' and the next was 'saving a special time for safety education.' For educational diagnosis factors, related to safety education activities, teachers' safety education activity was more frequent when teachers' safety knowledge was high(p<.001), when teachers had good application skills of their knowledge to their teaching activities(p<.001), when they had strong needs on safety training opportunities(p<.05), and their interests on safety education(p<.001). For enabling factors, class preparation by safety education guide-book review(p<.001), by development of educational materials(p<.001), and by search for the related reference (p<.001), and by participation to safety education training programs for teachers(p<.01) were the significant enabling factors on teachers' safety class activities. For the reinforcing factors, the center-wide support of safety education brochures to children (p<.001), the concerns of centers utilizing safety education specialists(p<.001), and the concerns about safety information collection out of centers(p<.001) were significant factors related with teachers' safety education activities. Conclusions: The significant educational and institutional factors on teachers' safety education activities were teachers' concerns on safety education, their interests on safety knowledge, and the strong concerns on child safety education from the centers.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.79-93
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• 2003

Childhood injuries are the primary cause of death and disability among children aged 5 to 14. Consistent practice of learned safety behaviors can reduce the occurrence of severe injuries among children. However, safety behavior concern is low among Korean-American children specifically and American children, in general. The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of an unintentional injury prevention curriculum, Risk Watch among Korean-American children. A quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group was used for the designed of the study. Two intervention and two control Korean schools in Atlanta participated in this study. The intervention consisted of weekly lessons in traffic, bicycle, pedestrian, and fire safety. One hundred and two students completed a pre-test and a post-test. The main outcomes were safety behaviors (seat belt use or helmet use), behavioral intentions, and safety knowledge. Analysis of covariance was used for the statistical analyses. Strong intervention effects were found for increasing knowledge of all safety topics in the intervention group. Additionally, statistically significant intervention effects were detected for increasing seat belt and helmet use, as well as behavioral intentions of wearing a seat belt and wearing a helmet, among pre-kindergarten and kindergarten students. For students in grades 1 and 2, intervention effects were found for increasing helmet use. Among students in grades 3 to 8, the intervention group showed statistically significant increases for seat belt use. Limitations of the study and recommendations for modifying and supporting unintentional injury prevention programs for school children are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.149-168
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a safety health education program for the upper graders of elementary school children and to evaluate the program. Methods: The study was designed for learner centered safety education and heath education based on a theory of lifelong education. After a model development of the program was set up, five major units were selected after five stages of program planning, design, acting, evaluation and feedback: school safety, traffic safety, home safety, life safety, and first-aid. Twenty things were selected as what to teach, and a lesson plan of 12 sessions was mapped out by arranging what to teach. The subjects in this study were 114 elementary school students who were in five different sixth-grade classes. Each class received education for five days, in four sessions each, according to the program. Results: The learners showed improvement in safety consciousness, safety knowledge, self-efficacy and safety behavior after they received education according to the safety health education program, and they expressed a lot of satisfaction with the program. Conclusion: It is important to develop the lifelong education for safety health education for the elementary school children.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.407-409
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• 2017

Air pollutants of concern include traffic-related air pollution, including particulate matter in respirable coarse and fine size fractions. There are no critical studies to date into associations between knowledge, awareness, and attitudes in using proper respiratory masks and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among urban street vendors in Thailand. In this study, we estimated adverse respiratory health outcomes among street vendors, in particular young adults, in Bangkok, Thailand, using a self-report questionnaire. Street vendors, who were not currently smoking and not having known diagnosed respiratory diseases, were recruited. They were selected from selected roadsides at Chong Nonsi, Bangkok. Participants (n = 30) reported having lower respiratory (50%), upper respiratory (37%), and other symptoms (70%). Also, 53% of participants had never used respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE: masks). Among those using PPE, all used masks not proper for particulate matter. Results suggested knowledge, awareness, and attitudes concerning proper PPE use needs to be increased among street vendors in Bangkok, Thailand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

The area including outside of Mokpogu has not been routed for a fairway, and PTMS(Port Traffic Management Service) did not carried out south of Sihado. So there are many dangerous elements because some fairways are crossed. In this paper, we proposed a fairway which is designed with expert group's knowledge for safety navigation in the area and marine transportation environment and domestic and foreign route design standard.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2002

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information related to a more systematic safety education and measures against children's accidents by a descriptive survey with regard to accidents actually experienced by elementary schoolers, their perceived safety education activities and school facilities to their safety lives. The data was collected among 1,654 pupils, belonging to the 5th and 6th grades in Pusan from Nov. 20 to Dec. 1, 2000. The data was analyzed using SPSSWIN(7.5). The results were as follows ; 1. According to the perception by elementary schoolers, they received safety life instruction at school in most cases from teachers in charge of their own class (41.0％). Such safety education was provided often during formal classes(24.4％). Traffic guidance was given by parents, highest in frequency(67.3％). 2. Matters as most often treated during safety life instruction were safety knowledge or dangerous things(37.5％). A majority of notices of school safety instruction were presented sometimes(48.4％). Source of knowledge about safety lives included teacher (35.3％), parents(32.9％), TV and newspaper (29.9％). As a source of knowledge of emergency treatment, school nurses were accounted for 41.3％ that was highest. 3.Among the 1,654 students, 91.8％ experienced at least more than one case of safety accident. The most frequent type and cause of safety accident were wound(33.7％). and self-carelessness(38.4％) respectively. In most cases, the subject experienced such accident during a break time(32.2％) and at a playgrounds. Part of body as most often damaged by accidents were arms and legs, 25.4％ higher than any other sides problem solving measures against the accident were taken by school nurse in most cases, 44.8％ in percentage point. 4. Those students' perceived safety management of school facilities showed that they considered classroom facilities as most safe (61.6％), while playground facilities as least safe(42.8％). They also responded that the treatment of glass fragments or stones at playground is the most important item of safety management.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.217-233
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• 2024

The demand for two-wheelers has increased in recent years, driven by the growing delivery culture, which has also led to a rise in the number of two-wheelers. Although two-wheelers are economically efficient in congested traffic conditions, reckless driving and ambiguous traffic laws for two-wheelers have turned two-wheeler accidents into a significant social issue. Given the high fatality rate associated with two-wheelers, the severity and risk of two-wheeler accidents are considerable. It is, therefore, crucial to thoroughly understand the characteristics of two-wheeler accidents by analyzing their attributes. In this study, the characteristics of two-wheeled vehicle accidents were categorized using the K-prototypes algorithm, based on data from two-wheeled vehicle accidents. As a result, the accidents were divided into four clusters according to their characteristics. Each cluster showed distinct traits in terms of the roads where accidents occurred, the major laws violated, the types of accidents, and the times of accident occurrences. By tailoring enforcement methods and regulations to the specific characteristics of each type of accident, we can reduce the incidence of accidents involving two-wheelers in metropolitan areas, thereby enhancing road safety. Furthermore, by applying machine learning techniques to urban transportation and safety, this study adds to the body of related literature.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.165-172
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• 2008

The decisive factor for the popularization of telematics services in the future isn the ability to produce advanced service that match the needs of drivers and passengers. The Dedicated Short Range Communication(DSRC)-type of wireless communication system, which is being developed for the Intelligent Transport System(ITS), is one of the broadband wireless systems contributing to the improvement of driver and passenger needs, such as convenience, entertainment, comfort and safety. In this paper, the possibility of applying this system to the traffic information collection service will be explored. Further, a description of the service design for the traffic information collection system using electronic toll collection service will be provided, in the knowledge that the existence of information communication equipment mounted vehicles will remain.