• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

This study focused on the alcohol fermentability of traditional Nuruk, as well as yeast containing traditional Nuruk, in the production of Yakju. The fermentation performed with 30% Nuruk was effective with regard to alcohol yield. In addition, the fermentation containing 70% Nuruk showed the highest titratable acidity due to increased amounts of organic acids (succinic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid), which, however, negatively influenced the Yakju quality. Moreover, microbiological contamination always occurred in the fermentations using only Nuruk. In contrast, in the experiments with the yeast containing Nuruk, higher alcohol content and lower titrable acidity were obtained, independent of the Nuruk ratio used, positively effected the Yakju taste and flavor. Overall, the fermentation performed using the yeast containing 30% traditional Nuruk showed the best results for Yakju production.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of medium-cooked rice on brewing of yakju which was a traditional rice wine in Korea. The influences of cooking temperature of rice on hydrolysis of rice starch and rice protein were tested, and experimental brewings were done according to the traditional brewing method of Bangmunju in which some medium-cooked rice was used. The results obtained were as follows The hydrolysis of starch and protein in medium-cooked rice at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ was easier than that of full-cooked rice at 80~10$0^{\circ}C$. The amounts of saccharides, total amino acids and extracts In Yakju brewed with the combined use of medium-cooked rice and full-cooked rice were twice as much as those brewed with full-cooked rice only. The results of sensory test of Yakju brewed with the combined use of medium-cooked rice and full-cooked rice were better in taste, color and flavor than those brewed with full-cooked rice only. It was thought that our ancestor's traditional brewing method of Yakju in which medium cooked rice and full-cooked rice were used combinedly was excellent Judging from zymological point of views.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2011

The quality properties of Gouda cheese supplemented with Korean traditional Yakju (Acanthopanax senticosus or Pueraria thunbergiana wines) were investigated. Yakju was added in the process of Gouda cheese preparation, and proximate composition, lactic acid bacterial population, pH, water-soluble nitrogen, sensory characteristics and proteolysis were determined. The electrophoretic patterns of cheese proteins, the target functional components and thiobarbituric acid values of the cheeses also were analyzed. The sensory characteristics including appearance of the cheeses were not affected by supplementing Yakju. Significantly higher amounts of crude ash, minerals and polyphenols were observed in the cheese supplemented with Yakju compared to the control cheese. The results suggest that the Gouda cheese prepared with Yankju has functional and additional nutrient values without changing cheese characteristics.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2000

Information about the processing method of additional starter can be found in the 39 traditional kinds of classical literature. The traditional of Yakju, was analyzed and classified according to classical literature consist of 105 items relating to starters on those compounded alcoholics. 105 selected items were distributed among 5 groups of alcoholic beverages: processing methods of starter, additional starters for sweet and alcoholics, additional starters for Kwahaju, and those additional function for quality and quantity to the periodical conversion of the processing method through four centuries.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

우리나라 전통 술인 탁주와 약주를 2단 담금 방법으로 제조하였을 때 발효 단계별 미생물 균총의 변화를 조사하기 위하여 탁 약주 제조 과정 중의 미생물 균수, pH, 적정산도, 알콜 함량의 변화를 측정하였고, 담금 단계별 시료의 미생물을 분리, 동정하였다. 탁주의 2단 담금 발효초기에는 젖산균수와 효모균 수가 모두 $10^{8}\;CFU/mL$로 수준이었으나, 발효말기로 가면서 젖산균수는 $8.3{\times}10^{8}\;CFU/mL$, 효모균수는 $3.2{\times}10^{8}\;CFU/mL$로 측정되었고, 약주의 경우 2단 담금 발효초기에 젖산균수와 효모 균수가 모두 $10^{6}\;CFU/mL$로 수준이었으나, 발효말기에는 젖산 균수는 $1.0{\times}10^{4}\;CFU/mL$, 효모균수는 $1.7{\times}10^{7}\;CFU/mL$로 측정되었다. 탁 약주의 제조과정 중 미생물 균총변화는 1차적인 간이동정을 통하여 분류한 결과, 탁주의 2단 담금에서 발효 초기에 micrococci로 추정되는 세균이 80% 이었고 효모가 20% 차지하였으나, 발효발기에는 세균이 35% 그리고 효모가 65%를 차지하고 있었다. 약주의 2단 담금에서는 효모가 발효초기부터 발효말기까지 88%를 차지하고 있었다. API 20 C AUX 효모동정 kit을 이용하여 분리된 모든 효모 균주들을 동정한 결과 탁주와 약주 모두 Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 주점종을 이루고 있었고, 약 탁주의 모든 발효과정에서 Candida magnoliae가 계속적으로 발견되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fermentation characteristics of Yakju using fresh sprouts from common buckwheat, a Daisan cultivar, and a tartary buckwheat Daikwan 3-3 cultivar to develop a functional Yakju, which is a traditional Korean liquor. As fermentation time increased, alcohol concentration and total sugar content (expressed as Brix degrees) increased, whereas reducing sugar content decreased. In particular, alcohol formation capability was maximized from the fourth to the seventh days of the second mashing stage during the fermentation procedure, which corresponded to the abrupt rise in mashing body temperature. The pH increased slightly when the titratable acidity was kept from increasing as fermentation proceeded. Quercetin and rutin were not present in the control group but their presence in Yakju with added buckwheat sprouts continuously increased with an increase in the fermentation period. Quercetin and rutin contents were higher in the Yakju with added Daikwan3-3 buckwheat sprouts than Yakju with added Daisan buckwheat sprouts. In conclusion, adding buckwheat sprouts improved Yakju quality during fermentation. Particularly, Yakju with added Daikwan3-3 buckwheat sprouts had superior fermentation characteristics and quality.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.925-932
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• 2012

쌀 가공용 품종의 활용도 증진을 위해 일반계통 3종, 가공용계통 2종 및 태국산쌀 1종을 선택하여 양조 적성을 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다. 약주의 시료구별 pH는 일미벼와 한아름벼로 담금한 약주의 pH가 4.14와 4.07로 높았고, 총산 함량은 태국산쌀의 인디카 품종으로 담금한 약주의 총산 함량이 0.56%로 가장 높았다. 총 유리당 함량은 태국산 인디카 품종으로 담금한 약주가 1,822.38 mg%로 가장 높았고, 주요 유리당은 glucose이었다. 환원당 함량은 국내산 일반계통 품종과 가공용통 품종은 2.12~2.59%로 비슷하였으나, 태국산 인디카 품종은 3.59%로 다른 시료구에 비해 다소 높았다. ethanol 함량은 가공용 품종인 한아름벼를 이용해 담금한 약주가 19.14%로 가장 높았고, 태국산 인디카 품종으로 담금한 약주는 13.97%로 가장 낮았다. 약주의 향기성분은 총 21종의 향기성분이 검출되었고, 주요 향기 성분으로는 ethanol, acetic acid, 1-methyl-1-propanol이었다. 품종에 따른 약주의 관능검사 결과 향과 색은 가공용 품종인 한아름벼를 이용해 담금한 약주가 가장 좋은 기호도를 보였고, 맛에 대한 평가에서 단맛과 신맛은 가공용 품종인 안다벼를 이용해 담금한 약주가 6.0과 6.7로 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 쓴맛은 시료구별 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았고, 전체 기호도는 가공용 품종인 한아름벼와 안다벼를 이용해 담금한 약주가 일반계 품종인 일미벼, 호평벼 및 호품벼로 담금한 약주 보다 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 약주의 이취와 갈변 원인물질을 알아보기 위해 제균한 누룩추출물을 첨가하여 약주를 제조하고 특성을 확인하였다. 알코올 함량은 재래누룩에서 16.33%, 개량누룩에서 18.67%로 개량누룩에서 1.1배 높게 나타났다. 산도(mL/10 mL)는 재래누룩 5.07, 개량누룩 8.32, 아미노산도 함량(mL/10 mL)도 각각 1.61, 4.72로 개량누룩이 약 2.9배 증가하였다. 당화력에 크게 영향을 미치는 글루코아밀레이스는 재래누룩에 비해 개량누룩이 3.2-44.0배 높은 활성을 보였고, 가용 고형물(r =0.965)과 색차(r =0.954)와 매우 높은 상관성을 보였다. 유기산은 숙신산과 젖산 함량이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유리 질소화합물 함량(mg/L)은 재래누룩 540.0, 개량누룩 2285.9로 개량누룩에서 4.2배 높게 나타났다. 각 누룩추출물 약주의 이취 및 갈변은 유리질소화합물(r =0.539, 0.792)과 높은 상관성을 보였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.374-380
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• 2007

Chemical and sensory profiles of 5 Korean commercial rice wines (yakju) were developed using descriptive, physicochemical, and volatile analyses. Color, 6 aroma, and 5 taste attributes of these rice wines were evaluated by a panel of 13 judges. Sample wines were analyzed for titratable acidity, ethanol content, pH, Hunter colorimeter value, organic acids, and free sugars. Volatile analysis of the samples revealed the presence of 2 acids, 7 alcohols, 19 esters, and 5 miscellaneous compounds. Based on principal component analysis of the descriptive data, rice wines were primarily separated along the first principal component, which accounted for 57% of the total variance between the rice wines with high intensities of 'color' and 'sweet aroma' versus 'ginseng' aroma.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to investigate consumers' perceptions of foods that are most compatible with traditional Korean liquors. The study participants were a total of 402 customers who visited traditional Korean bars. Thirty-eight percent of the participants drank alcohol once or twice a week, and overall, 79% drank with friends or co-workers. Forty-three percent spent 30,000-40,000 won on alcoholic drinks, and half of them frequently drank distilled Soju whereas 27% drank beer. Those who drank traditional Korean liquor chose to do so because they viewed it as good for their health and the beverage was tasty. Participants selected Yakju/Baekseju (47.5%), Bokbunjaju (21.1%), and Takju/Makgeoli (8.2%) as the most compatible Korean traditional liquors with Korean traditional foods. The most compatible foods with Yakju were identified as Haemulpajeon (11.8%), Dubukimchi (9.8%), and Bossam/Suyuk/Pyeonyuk (7.5%). Bokbunjaju was viewed as a good match with Jangeogui (8.1%), Hunjeori (6.5%), and Saengseonhoe (6.4%). The respondents perceived Deodeokgui (6.7%), Saengseonhoe (5.9%), and Dubukimchi (5.6%) as the most compatible foods with Yakju with mushrooms. Chengju was viewed as a good pairing with Eomuktang (9.2%), Altang/Maeuntang (7.2%), and Saengseonhoe (6.8%). The respondents thought Takju went well with Haemulpajeon (17.7%), Dubukimchi (14.2%), and Kimchijeon (11.7%). And finally, Altang/Maeuntang (11.8%), Samgyeopsalgui (8.7%), and Honghaptang/Jogaetang (8.1%) were mentioned as the most compatible foods with distilled Soju.