• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.106-115
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• 2011

This study, based on (edited in 18th century), analysed the landscape system and cultural landscape elements of Yuhoidang(Hageowon 何去園) Garden in Musu-dong, Daejeon, and the findings are as in the following. YuHoidang(Gwon Yijin 權以鎭) managed Hageowon Garden in Musu-dong, located on the southern branch of Mt. Bomun, to realize his utopia. The completion of Hageowon Garden was only possible due to his installation of a variety of facilities in family gravesite on the hill behind his house: Shimyoso(Samgeunjeongsa 三近精舍, in 1707), Naboji(納汚池, in 1713), Banhwanwon(in 1714) and expended exterior space(in 1727). With regard to the landscape system of the village, the main range of mountains consists of Mt. Daedun, Mt. Odae and Mt. Bomun. The main high mountain of the three is Mt. Bomun, where 'Blue Dragon' hill branches off on the east side(Eungbong), 'White Tiger' in the west(Cheongeun and Sajeong) and Ansan(inner mountain) in the south. The landscape system is featured by 'mountains in back and rivers in front'. The river in the south-west, with its source in Mt. Juryun is called as the 'Stream of outer perfect spot', while the 'Stream of inner perfect spot' rises from Eungbong, passing through the east part of the village into the south-western direction. Banhwanwon Garden(盤桓園) was created with the stream in the east and natural bedrocks, and its landscape elements includes Naboji, Hwalsudam, Gosudae, Sumi Waterfall, Dogyeong(path of peach trees), Odeeokdae(platform with persimmon trees), Maeryong(Japanese apricot tree), springs and observatories. An expanded version of Banhwanwon was Hageowon garden, where a series of 'water-trees-stone' including streams, four ponds, five observation platforms, three bamboo forests and Chukgyeongwon(縮景園) of an artificial hill gives the origin forest a scenic atmosphere. When it comes to semantics landscape elements, there are (1) Yuhoidang to cherish the memory of a deceased parents, (2) Naboji for family unification, (3) Gosudae to keep fidelity, (4) Odeokdae to collect virtue and wisdom, (5) Sumi Waterfall to aspire to be a man of noble character, (6) Yocheondae for auspicious life, (7) Sumanheon and Gigungjae to be in pursuit of hermitic life, (8) Hwalsudam for development of family and study, (9) Mongjeong to repay favor of ancestors, (10) Seokgasan, a symbol of secluded life, (11) Hageowon to enjoy guarding graves in retired life. The spatial composition of Hageowon was realized through (1) Yuhoidang's inside gardens(Naboji, Jucheondang, Odeokdae, Dogyeong, Back yard garden and others) (2) Sumanheon(收漫軒) Byeolup or Yuhoidang's back yard gardens (Seokyeonji, Yocheondae, Sumanheon, Baegyeongdae, Amseokwon and others) (3) Chukgyeongwon of the artificial hill(which is also the east garden of Sumanheon, being composed of Hwalsudam, Sumi Waterfall and Gasan or 12 mountaintops) (4) the scenic spots for unifying Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are Cemetry garden in the back hill of the village, the temple of Yeogyeongam, Sansinkak(ancestral ritual place of folk religion) and Geoeopjae(family school). On top of that, Chagyeongwon Garden(借景園) commands a panoramic distant view of nature's changing beauty through the seasons.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Mastic is a bleed resin formed in pistacia lentiscus tree extract form the anacatdiaceae family. Mastic is used as a food ingredient in the Mediteraanean resin, and has been used by local inhabitants as a traditional medicine for relief of upper abdominal discomfort, dyspepsiaand peptic ulcer. Clinically, mastic has been effective in the treatment of benign gastric and duodenal, ulcers, giving symptomatic relief and endoscopically proven healing. In this study, to enhance activiteies of poorly water soluble Mastic with oils, surfactants and cosurfactants and then the mixure was microemulsified in aqueous media under condition of gentle agitation and digestive motility that would be encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Formulation development and screening were based on phase diagrams and characteristics of resultant microemulsion. For optimum mastic formulation, microemulsions with various ratio (w/w%) of mastics, oils, surfactants and cosurfactants were prepared and their solubility was evaluated by monitoring particles size in their buffer through visual asessment and electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotomerter (ELS). In vitro activity of self microemulsified mastic (SME mastic) was determined by minimum ingibition concentration (MIC) test against a panel of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clinical strains. Additionally, in vivo activity of SME masitc was investigated us mouse infected by CH275 of H. pylori. The mean diameter of SME mastic was less then 100 nm in water and SME mastic was showed similar antiboisis effect compared to tometronidazole, clarithromycin and omeproazole. Consequently, SME mastic would be effective system to exterminate H. pylori. If mastic were dose with combined treatment, mastic might augur well for effect of H. pylori eradication as good remedy.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 2019

Thus, this study suggests following solutions to youth suicides in South Korea. First, we need to help adolescents to establish their identities based on the traditional ethical principles from both eastern and western cultures. Second, we claim that improvement of educational environment is urgently needed. Adolescents' emotional securities need to be well supported through stabilized family lives and we need to set expanded communication system between students and the school education system to help teenagers lead happier and more active school lives. Lastly, this study suggests establishing a social security system by eliminating potential risk factors and extending the protection factors so that Korean adolescents do not hesitate asking for help to protect themselves when they feel suicidal.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.106-124
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• 1996

This paper reviews battering, sexual violence and divorce experienced among women. There three problems have negative influence on health status in women and are further developed to social problems such as family dissolution. The victims of the problems may manifest physical injury, emotional difficulties and social withdrawl, while their children may show problems caused by lack of parental caring and by resembling abusive behaviors of their parents. Hence, nurses need to pay attention to batting, sexual violence, and divorce and to develop relevant nursing interventions for them. Some strategies of dealing with those problems are presented in the following. First, we have to eliminate sexism prevailing in out society. Our society is assigning inequal and asymmetrical gender role. Mass media should inspire equality between genders and show a healthy model of family and community. Second, social system and laws should be changed through collective efforts. Those living conditions of women cannot be changed by the effort of women themselves only. We all need to work for establishing and changing the law, so that those women in suffering can obtain immediate and adequate protection. Third, social support system of consulting and referring women's problems should be established. Such support system as hot line, shelter and counseling clinics would help women in crisis. Fourth, job training and arrangement should be available to women who are divorced. Fifth, there should be self-help group for those women in suffering. Self-help group would help those women in sharing their problems and feelings and in establishing coping strategies. Nurses, as the largest group among health professionals, are sensitive and respond to health needs of clients and have an effect on managing women's health. However, we nurses have not been ready for dealing with problems of women, although most of us are women. we not need to change our perspective of women's health problems from a traditional medical perspective to feministic one. Accordingly, nurses need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering and to assist them in making decisions for their lives by themselves.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 1999

Based on literature, status and role of the NP in America was reviewed. The process of developing NP program in America suggests us many things. In America, nurse practitioners have sustained a mutually beneficial status with their patients for over thirty years. Excel fence in academic education and clinical training will enable nurse practitioners to continue to provide quality health care. The magnitude changes in the health care system of the United States, the challange of providing real access of health care continues. Lack of access to adequate primary care was the driving force in the initial 1965 Federal Involvement in developing the NP role. In 1993 President Bill Clinton's health care reform initiative provided policy support for NPs as primary care providers. The Institute of Medicine explicitly recognized NPs as an integral part of the primary care team. In addition, several national reports recognized NPs as affordable, accessible, high-quality care providers. The recent passage of direct Medicare reimbursement for NPs reflected public policy statements coincided with and likely contributed to a growth spurt in the NP workforce. From 1965 to 1977 NP programs offered traditional primary care clinical tracks(adult, family, woman's health, and pediatrics) for relatively small clusters of students in a variety of institutional settings. From 1978 to 1990 these educational programs were incorporated into graduate schools of nursing. By 1990 the majority of NPs received educational preparation in master's-level nursing programs. A new emphases was placed on postmaster's NP programs designed for master's prepared clinical nurse specialists and nurse managers. he the health care system shifted hospital nursing resources toward community-based care, these master's -level nurses sought additional NP preparation. NP educational programs are defined as the educational structure in which one or more NP clinical tracks are offered. NP clinical tracks, in turn, offer curriculum and supervised clinical experiences that match standards in specific practice areas such as family(FNP), adult(AUP), geriatrics(GNP), pediatrics(PNP), women's health (WHNP), neonatal (NNP), and acute care(ACNP). There were indications that NP practice was expanding into new clinical areas as evidenced by new types of tracks, particularly in acute care and psychiatry. The increase in acute care NP students likely reflects the increased demand from hospitals and other acute care settings. In Korea, change of nurse's role into nurse practitioner's role may have many difficulties. The need of health consumer, policy support of government, approval of medical care team are all essential component. Every nursing personnel make effort to planning the new health care delivery system.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.54-63
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• 1999

Considering that rural village had evolved through a long-sustained effort of harmnization with nature, there should be the wisdom not only to reflect the level of rural resident's housing demand, but also to conserve the traditional characteristics of high-valuation in the modern rural housing. In Korea , standard design proposals of rural houses had been made public three times ; in 1972 , 1984 and 1995. so , firstly, this study analysed the inner-space layouts of design proposals mentioned above, from which changes and problems in the past housing design were derived. And also, through, the positive acceptance of residents' opinion living inthe houses built by standard design proposals in 1970 ~1980's, improved design principles and an alternative model were proposed , finally. The inner-space structed of standard design proposals in 1970s was originated from small-scaled and low-priced one, basically under the " open system". In 1980s, the basic design principle changed to the 'closed system' in which the living room being the focus of indoor family life, and , in 1990s, progressively, therural housing developed to the high qualified type by the spatial enlargement and with increased equipements. However, this structural change of rural house brought about the problem of functional separatioon between farming and daily living activities. In details, limited spaces of multipurpose spaces and sanitary facility would be mentioned as problems for improvement. conclusively in this study, newoly arranged "open system" was recommended , as a basic design principle for theinner space structure formation of rural house, which easily links the constituent inner-house spaces to outer one. Based on this principle, the detailed design criterial was proposed as follows ; 1. The living room be directly linked to the front-yard and centrally placed, the addtional space of which could be secured for the special family events by the flexibleuse of its adjacent room or by the housing of male quarters(separated from main building quarter). 2. The kitchen also be directly linked to side-yard and to livng room , for the convenience of farming activities and the shortening of path flow housewife. 3. The expanded toilet-and-bathroom be placed in the directly connected left-hand side to the living room and also be allowed access through multipurpose spaces to out door. 4. The multipurpose spaces be directly connected to the kitchen and the toilet and-bathroom , of which function would be for undressing of working clothes, quickwashing and ordinary working.nd ordinary working.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.49-69
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• 1997

The urgent needs to establish hospice care systems in Korea arise from the following reasons: 0) a drastic increase in chronically ill patients with the increase of aged population: (2) rapid changes in living environment from the traditional habitation (e. g., Many Koreans living in apartment complexes, which is the most popular form of modern residence in recent years, prefer to die in the hospital.): the overall increase in patients with advanced cancer: (4) recent trends in early discharge of terminally ill patients from the limited hospital facilities to accomodate other medical insurance beneficiaries; (5) easy acceptance of euthanasia owing to the recent social atmosphere that belittles the dignity of human life; (6) medical and nursing care of AIDS patient in terminal stage; (7) and the problem associated with inhumane medical care system, overtreatment, and groundless fears against narcotics. Terminally ill patients were used to be treated in the hospital in the past. In these days, however, they are forced to have home cares with little assistance from the qualified medical personnel because of insufficient hospital facilities, which are even short for the need of emergency patients and provide priority cares to medical insurance beneficiaries with other acute problems. And yet, neither are there any administrative organizations nor systematic medical studies that deal with the level of terminally ill patient's need, their family's problems and resources of hospice care systems in Korea. Thus, most patients are not able to get appropriate medical care at the terminal stage of their lives. The objective of this study is to make comprehensive database for various hospice care organization currently in operation, link them through medical information system, and develop an easily accessible hospice care model that meets the need of most Korean people. Our survey results may be summarized as follows: Nationally there are 40 organizations that provide partial or full hospice care. However, these organizations are not linked to any formal medical service network. Furthermore, the objective of hospice care, care principles, personnel with appropriate training, educational programs, standard for care, costs, consulting service to patients' family members, the extent of medical care from professional staff members, status of hospice facility, and management of those institutions are neither clearly defined nor organized compared to the international hospice care standards. The surveys on patients of terminal stage. grouped in hospice and non-hospice care patients. reveal what they want visiting nursing care to help their pain control. psychological. social and spiritual demands. While the more than 90% of hospice care patients want to reduce their pains. the non-hospice care patients. in addition to their desire for pain control. demanded more psychological. social and spiritual helps as well. The results of this research could be utilized to 0) define the standard of hospice care. (2) provide the guidance for hospice medical care costs. (3) establish the database of hospice care systems. (4) develop softwares. (5) build communication network through Medinet. and (6) provide an organized visiting home nursing care system. These information should be a valuable resource to many medical staffs who are involved in cancer therapy. nursing care. and social welfare programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.38-49
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• 2016

This study is based on the assumption that the documentations, and poetry form a basis for undertone of the location and original landscape explored by inference and enjoyment aspects; the significance has been inferred by investigating the original location, relocated location, and the original landscape of Imsil Manchwi Pavilion. The results of the attempted research for locational value, and preservation of the original landscape before and after the relocation of Imsil Manchwi Pavilion is as follows. Firstly, Manchwi, meaning evergreen, was made a pseudonym of KimWi. The name reflects an image two evergreen pine trees facing one another. The poetry form presents the eternal fidelity. In addition, considering the symbolic plant and the meaning of evergreen pine trees specified on the pavilion, the name is derived from the fidelity, longevity of the family, vitality and so on. Secondly, Manchwi Pavilion was founded in the location, known as the snakehead form, that represents the vitality. Snake faces the swallow form over the river, therefore, it connotes the wishes for fidelity and prosperity of the family. Manchwi Pavillion is prostrate pheasant form which is suitable for those who look for a hiding place or place for their study. It is noticeable that the location infers and hand down the efforts on succession for prosperity of the family and the study. Thirdly, it is estimated that Manchwi Pavilion was established between 1572 and 1582; and the relocation was conducted in the late 1880s. Fourthly, although eternal fidelity was presented in Manchwi Pavillion with locational language, the Manchwi Pavillion after its relocation next to KimWi's grave implies the tendency of the changed value: the commemoration of the ancestors, and prosperity of the family. Fifthly, after the relocation of the pavilion, the proportion of the rooms with Korean heating system, so-called'Ondol'has been increased for its best use in all seasons. And its veranda for extension and its verse couplet implies that this connote the original meaning and pursuit of the study. Sixthly, the way that the poetry portrays pine trees, pond, plants, valleys, and streams shows the aspect of enjoyment of the landscapes and the meaning of fidelity, pure mind, free and easy life, self-examination, the frailty of human life. Lastly, despite the difference between tenth poetic language of three Sipyoung and Wonwoon Sipyeong, exploring the landscape based on the analysis on the poetry can be a basis on the maintenance and restoration of the original landscape as the inspiration and the meaning show that Wonwoon Sipyeong maintains the aspect of the author enjoying original landscape.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 1998

This correlational study sought to find the relationship among women's health status and the level of importance & performance of postpartal care. One hundred thirty three women who live in Seoul and rural area including hospitalized in a general hospital and midwifery clinic were studied from 1st April, 1998 to 25th April, 1998 for 25 days. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, Pearson Correlation Coefficiency, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe test as a post hoc, using SPSS. The results of analysis were as follows ; mean age of respondents was 31.9 years and mean number of children was 1.8. The most of family type was nuclear family and lived int apartment. Mean frequency of pregnancy was 2.7 times and most women delivered at local clinic, general or University hospital. Mean period of after delivery was 53.7 month. The level of importance and performance of traditional postpartal care (Sanhujori) was more higher than hospital postpartal care. The level of importance, performance of postpartum care and health status had significant relationship. The higher level of importance was, & the higher level of performance was higher, and the higher degree of health status. The factors related to health status were postabortal sahujori period after abortion, nuclear family, the evaluation of sahujori, whether women and followed the caregiver's advice well or not and whether they have physical symptoms or not, at the level of $5{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of importance of postpartal care were the number of child, present health status and health status of pre-post of delivery, deliver place and the opinion of effective postpartum care method at the level of $5{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. The factors related to the level of performance of postpartal care were delivery place, the opinion of whether they can do at the hospital or not and whether they have physical symptom or not at the level of $1{\sim}0.1%$ of significance statistically. In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the relationship among women's health status and the postpartal care. It provides a challenge to the health professional caregivers to research continually and repeatedly and confirm the conceptual model of Sanhujori, reestablish effective and integrative postpartal caring system which contains oriental and western paradigm for women's life long health toward the 21C.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the factors influencing the childbirth intention of married women with the goal of analyzing whether times of spouses' housework, marital satisfaction, values of children and traditional gender role, and social services related to the reduction of low fertility contribute to women's intention to give birth. The respondents of the research were 1,000 married women, and the research was conducted with 482 women of childbirth intention. The findings are as follows. Age of sociodemographic factors has an influence on the childbirth intention. Related to family's character, factors influencing childbirth intention are number of children, times of spouses' housework, and marital satisfaction. In addition, emotional and instrumental values of children, number of recognized public services for reduction of low fertility. In other words, the more women share housework with spouses and satisfy their marital life, the more childbirth intention of women is increased. In order to improve childbirth intention, changes of perception of gender role and sharing housework, reinforcement of social system for work and family compatibility that convert changes of perception into action, advanced marital relationship programs, extensive support for subfertility and a huge build-up of social services related to reduction of low fertility need to be provided.