• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of herbal medicine and other associated factors for abnormal liver function tests(especially total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ${\gamma}GT$) levels in outpatients at an oriental medical clinic. Methods : A cross-sectional study based on clinical records was conducted on 1,871 patients at one Oriental medical clinic in Seoul, Korea. 504 patients received a liver function tests for screening and 497 patients ranging from the age of 4 to 74 were chosen for the study. Patients with basal liver disease or DM were excluded during the screening process. Patients were classified into case(abnormal) and control(normal) groups by normal liver function test references. Results and Conclusions : In this study, 33.0% of the patients were females, and 67.0% were males. The mean age was $34.7{\pm}11.9$ years old. The mean total protein value was $6.78{\pm}0.66g/dL$(male $6.79{\pm}0.61$, female $6.76{\pm}0.76$), albumin $3.89{\pm}0.50g/dL$(male $3.94{\pm}0.47$, female $3.81{\pm}0.54$), total bilirubin $0.51{\pm}0.35mg/dL$(male $0.54{\pm}0.39$, female $0.45{\pm}0.23$), AST $23.31{\pm}18.22U/L$(male $26.37{\pm}20.73$, female $17.09{\pm}8.72$), ALT $33.49{\pm}36.36U/L$(male $40.56{\pm}41.77$, female $19.13{\pm}12.64$), LDH $258.07{\pm}74.84mg/dL$(male $263.68{\pm}73.77$, female $246.70{\pm}75.92$), and ${\gamma}GT$ $39.64{\pm}59.16U/L$(male $50.15{\pm}69.43$, female $17.83{\pm}8.36$). The percentage of abnormal total bilirubin levels(>1.0) in these patients was 2.6%, abnormal AST levels(>39m, >29f) 8.5%, ALT levels(>47m, >32f) 18.8%, and ${\gamma}GT$ (>50m, >40f) 19.9%.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.711-717
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• 2013

Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) is a well-known causative agent of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in humans. CCA is very resistant to chemotherapy and is frequently fatal. To understand the pathogenesis of CCA in humans, a rodent model was developed. However, the development of CCA in rodents is time-consuming and the xenograft-transplantation model of human CCA in immunodeficient mice is costly. Therefore, the establishment of an in vivo screening model for O. viverrini-associated CCA treatment was of interest. We developed a hamster CCA cell line, Ham-1, derived from the CCA tissue of O. viverrini-infected and N-nitrosodimethylamine-treated Syrian golden hamsters. Ham-1 has been maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for more than 30 subcultures. These cells are mostly diploid (2n=44) with some being polyploid. Tumorigenic properties of Ham-1 were demonstrated by allograft transplantation in hamsters. The transplanted tissues were highly proliferative and exhibited a glandular-like structure retaining a bile duct marker, cytokeratin 19. The usefulness of this for in vivo model was demonstrated by berberine treatment, a traditional medicine that is active against various cancers. Growth inhibitory effects of berberine, mainly by an induction of G1 cell cycle arrest, were observed in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we developed the allo-transplantable hamster CCA cell line, which can be used for chemotherapeutic drug testing in vitro and in vivo.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

Objectives : Wiryeong-tang (WRT) is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat kidney-related diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effect of Wiryeong-tang was not well known. Therefore, we experimented to confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effects of Wiryeong-tang. Methods : The RAW 264.7 cells were pre treated with Wiryeong-tang mix soft extract (WRT-mse; 50, 100 and 200 ㎍/mL) for 1 hrs, and then incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 500 ng/mL). Cell viability was measured by the MTT method, and nitric oxide (NO) was measured with griess reagent. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For anti-gastritis effect in vivo, acute gastritis was induced using 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol used ICR mice. WRT-mse (133 mg/kg) was pre treated for 3 days and then treated with 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol 1 hrs later. Then gastritis was observed and inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue was measured. Results : The 8 marker components of the WRT-mse were determined by simultaneous analysis using HPLC. WRT-mse was not toxic and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at NO production, protein and mRNA levels. Also, it was confirmed that WRT-mse improved bleeding and edema in gastritis, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion : In summary, our results suggest that the treatment of the WRT-mse reduced and improved the 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol induced acute gastritis and the inflammation caused by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, this study may provide useful drug or clinical evidence for WRT-mse to prevent inflammation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2014

목적 및 방법 : 본 연구에서는 한의학에서 전통적으로 신경보호 약물로 사용되어온 총명탕 물 추출물의 급성 독성증상을 관찰하기 위하여 한국식품의약품안전청 고시 제 2009-116호에 따라 암수 ICR마우스 단회 경구투여 독성 실험을 실시하였다. 반수치사량, 개략적치사량, 표적장기 등을 관찰하기 위하여, 수율 9.70% 총명탕 물 추출물 2,000, 1,000 및 500 mg/kg을 암수 마우스에 단회 경구 투여하고, 투여 후 14일 동안의 임상증상, 사망례, 체중 및 증체량의 변화 및 부검소견을 관찰하였으며, 투여 14일 후 14개 주요 실질 장기에 대한 중량 및 조직병리학적 관찰을 실시하였다. 또한 별도의 암수 매체 대조군을 두어 그 결과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 본 실험의 결과, 설치류 최대 한계투여 용량인 2,000 mg/kg까지 총명탕 물 추출물 투여와 관련된 사망례가 인정되지 않았으며, 암수 매체 대조군을 포함하여, 모든 실험군에 걸쳐 산발적으로 관찰된 일부 우발적인 육안부검 및 조직병리학적 소견을 제외하고, 총명탕 물 추출물 투여와 관련된 임상증상, 체중 및 장기 중량의 변화, 14개 주요장기에 대한 육안부검 및 조직병리학적 소견이 인정되지 않았다. 결 론 : 따라서 마우스 단회 경구투여 독성실험에서 총명탕 물 추출물의 반수치사량 및 개략적 치사량은 각각 설치류 투여 한계용량인 2,000 mg/kg 이상으로 관찰되어, 매우 안전한 약물로 판단되며, 임상사용에는 별 다른 문제를 일으키지는 않을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

국내 유통 농산물의 잔류농약 안전성을 평가하고자 2012년 전국 6개 도시에서 유통되고 있는 과실류인 사과와 복숭아에 대하여 123점의 시료를 수거하여 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 122종의 농약에 대해 GC-ECD, GC-NPD 및 HPLCUVD을 이용한 다성분분석법으로 잔류농약을 분석하였고, 분석 결과 총 농약이 검출된 시료는 관행농산물에서 38점, 저농약농산물에서 6점, GAP농산물에서 1점으로 시료에서 16종의 농약이 검출되어 33.6% 검출률을 나타내었다. 농약 성분별 검출 빈도는 cypermethrin, lufenuron, fenvalerate, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, iprodione 순이었다. 농약이 검출된 시료 중 잔류허용기준을 초과하는 시료는 18점으로 14.6% 검출되었으며, 해당 작물에 대한 잔류허용기준이 설정되어 있지 않거나 품목고시 되어있지 않은 농약은 2점의 시료에서 2종의 농약이 검출되어 1.6% 검출률을 보였다. 본 연구에서 검출된 농약이 해당 농산물의 섭취로 인체에 유입될 잔류농약의 일일섭취허용량 대비 일일섭취추정량은 최저 0.033%에서 최고 2.748%로 농산물 섭취에 의한 위해성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 수세기에 걸쳐 발기부전(impotence), 정액루(spermatorrhea), 유뇨증(enuresis), 천식(asthma) 및 알레르기 관련 질병의 치료제로 사용되고 있는 토종 복분자 (R. coreanus)와 외래종 복분자(R. occidentalis)의 항염증활성을 비교, 분석해 보고자 했다. 그 결과 토종 복분자의 에탄올 추출물이 외래종 복분자의 에탄올 추출물에 비교해 LPS 처리에 의한 NO의 생성을 현저히 억제시키는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었으며, NO와 $PGE_{2}$ 생합성효소인 iNOS와 COX-2 단백질의 발현 또한 억제시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. LPS 유도에 의한 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 IL-6의 생성억제 효과도 토종 복분자 에탄올 추출물이 외래종 복분자 추출물에 비해 탁월함이 관찰 되었다. 이러한 연구결과로 볼 때 토종 복분자 에탄올 추출물이 macrophage에 의해 생성되는 염증반응의 매개물질인 NO, $PGE_2$, 염증성 cytokine 등의 생성을 억제함으로 염증반응을 완화시켜 줄 것으로 판단된다. 차후 항염증활성을 갖는 복분자 추출물의 성분을 동정하는 연구가 더욱더 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 토종 복분자가 천연 항염증활성을 갖는 제품 개발에 있어 유용한 식물자원 원료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 1999

본 연구는 전통간장의 발효미생물을 규명하기 위하여 대두원료, 증자과정, 메주 배양과정 및 간장덧의 숙성과정 중의 호기성 세균수, 젖산균수, 호모균수의 정량적 변화와 성분에 대하여 조사하였다. 대두에 있던 미생물은 삶는 과정 중에 젖산균은 사멸하였으며 호기성 세균은 $10^2\;CFU/g$ 수준으로 감소하였다. 메주 배양 동안 메주 내외부의 호기성세균은 $10^9\;CFU/g$ 이상 생육하였으며, 젖산균은 외부보다 내부에서 더 많은 집락을, 효모류는 내부보다는 외부에서 월등히 많은 수를 나타내었다. 메주 배양기간 별로 제조한 간장의 미생물수는 통기구와 정치구 간에 큰 차이가 없었으나 총질소의 함량과 색도는 메주 배양기간이 길수록 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2012

Objectives : This article reviews a solution preventing the illegal distribution of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine and risks on public health by conducting safety management of food and medicine. Also, this article would like to contribute to improvement of public health treating diseases in compliance with accurate diagnosis and prescription of Oriental Medicine Doctor("OMD")'s. Methods : An approach in this research can be categorized into two : first, to examine the current administrative situation and problems of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine based on policy documents of Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Food and Drug Adminstration("KFDA") and academic articles of the herbal medicine;second, to find reasonable administrative solutions to solve the problems. Solutions : A solution is to strengthen the management level of herbal medicine in common use for food and medicine by selecting 117 items as target items requiring concentrated management. In case herbal medicine is imported for food, KFDA strengthens the quality management level of herbal medicine by making use of inspection frequency at random, collecting and verifying herbal medicine on the market. However, KFDA decides to maintain current different quality specification system of food and medicine reflecting a civil complaint that quality specification of food and medicine should separately managed according to the purpose of use. Herbal medicine as medicine that is functioned as treating diseases and alleviating symptoms, unlike herbal medicine for food, can cure all kinds of diseases by recovering inner balance of human body, making use of other properties of herbal medicine. Medicine has its own properties. If a doctor uses properties of medicine appropriately, he cures diseases. If a doctor uses herbal medicine inappropriately. he may damage human body. Thus, whether side effects of medicine depend on a doctor who uses herbal medicine. Conclusions : All herbal medicine will be supplied into the market after strict safety control of manufacturers of herbal medicine according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, beginning in April, 2012. Thus, people can take safer and more reliable herbal medicine through strengthening safety management of herbal medicine and improving quality and transparency in the distribution system. Herbal medicine should appropriately be prescribed by licensed OMD because herbal medicine is used to treat diseases and alleviate symptoms, unlike herbal medicine for food.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.90-108
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to learn what should be considered in the Guidelines of Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) by analyzing the existing guidelines and clinical trials.Methods: The development committee searched the existing guidelines for herbal medicinal products or GERD. Then, clinical trials related to GERD using herbal medicine were selected. The chosen trials were analyzed in terms of their inclusion and exclusion of participants, intervention, comparators, outcome, and trial design. Then, we compared the results of the analysis according to the regulations and guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety to suggest the issues that we will have to consider when developing the Guidelines of Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).Results: As a result, few guidelines for GERD and clinical trials with herbal medicinal products were located in the national institution homepage. In addition, 8 articles were found using the following combination of search terms: “Gastroesophageal reflux disease”, “GERD”, “herbal medicine”, “herbal therapy”, “Korean Medicine”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, and “TCM”. Even though all trials had their own unique research questions, all studies were performed using a randomization method. Most trials included participants with reflux esophagitis, but two trials targeted proton pump inhibitor-refractory GERD. The type of intervention varied, such as decoction, granules, and capsules. Additionally, individualized herbal medicines were used in two studies. Comparators were diverse, such as placebo, Western medicine, and electro-acupuncture. The most frequently used outcome for efficacy was the effectiveness rate. In addition, the outcome for evaluating quality of life, esophageal mucosa and pressure, esophageal acid reflux, and recurrence rates were used. Safety was investigated by recording adverse events and carrying out laboratory tests.Conclusions: We identified some issues by reviewing the existing guidelines and comparing them with clinical trials for GERD and herbal medicinal products. These results will be utilized for developing the Guidelines of Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.986-992
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• 2009

Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical mediators of the innate immune system to defend viral infection. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) play critical roles in type I IFN production in response to viral infection. Luteolin is natural polyphenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, the mechanism of action and impact of luteolin on innate immunity is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of luteolin on the lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. Luteolin inhibited Type I IFNs expression of mRNA and increased interleukin(IL)-10 expression of mRNA. Next, we examined the protective effects of IL-10 using IL-10 neutralizing antibody (IL-10NA). Blockade of IL-10 action didn't cause a significant reduction of Type I IFNs than LPS-induced luteolin pretreatment. Pretreatment of luteolin inhibited the level of IRF-1, and IRF-7 mRNA and the nuclear translocation of IRF-3. Also, luteolin reduced the activation of STAT - 1, 3. Theses results suggest that luteolin inhibits LPS-induced the production of Type I IFNS by both IRFs and STATs not IL-10 and may be a beneficial drug for the treatment of inflammatory disease.