• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2015

A control chart is very useful in monitoring various production process. There are many situations in which the simultaneous control of two or more related quality variables is necessary. When the joint distribution of the process variables is multivariate normal, multivariate Shewhart control charts using the function of the maximum likelihood estimator for monitoring the dispersion matrix are considered for the simultaneous monitoring of the dispersion matrix. The performances of the multivariate Shewhart control charts based on the proposed control statistic are evaluated in term of average run length (ARL). The performance is investigated in three cases, where the variances, covariances, and variances and covariances are changed respectively. The numerical results show that the performances of the proposed multivariate Shewhart control charts are not better than the control charts using the trace of the covariance matrix in the Jeong and Cho (2012) in terms of the ARLs.

• 분석과학
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.499-504
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• 1998

An analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of trace Cu, Sn, and Bi in sea water has been investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Amberlite IRC-718 resin was used as a solid phase in solid-liquid extraction technique for the removal of matrix interferences such as Na, S, P, and other polyatomic ion species. Recoveries of 99.8% for Cu, 99.6% for Sn, and 97.9% for Bi were obtained for the standard spiked sample. The developed method was applied to analysis of trace metals in sea water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1557-1561
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• 2006

The use of chemically modified silica-salen$(NEt_2)_2$ was studied for the separation and concentration of the metal ions from an aqueous solution by a solid phase extraction. After the salen(NEt2)2 was synthesized, it was chemically bonded to silica gel by a diazonium coupling reaction. The adsorption capacities and binding constants were obtained with respect to Cu(II), Mn(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) by a graphical method. Some experimental conditions were optimized for the determination of the trace elements. After the silica-salen(NEt2)2 was pulverized in a sample solution of which the pH was adjusted, the solution was stirred to pre-concentrate the metal ions. The metal ions adsorbed were desorbed with nitric acid solution. And the concentrated analytes were determined by a flame AAS. The method proposed here was so rarely influenced by a sample matrix that the procedure was applied to 3 types of water samples. The reproducible results of less than 10% RSD were obtained at the concentration level of ca. 100 ng/mL and the recoveries of 95-109% were obtained in the spiked samples in which given amounts of analytes were added.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.969-973
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• 2008

Solvent extraction using a Schiff-base, salen$(NEt_2)_2$, as a chelating agent has been conducted on several water samples to study the determination of trace Cu(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II). Experimental conditions for the formation and extraction of metal complexes were optimized with an aqueous solution similar in composition to the samples. The matrix difference between the sample and standard solutions was approximately matched, and the pH of each sample solution was adjusted to 9.5 with $NaHCO_3/NaOH$ buffer. The concentration of salen$(NEt_2)_2$ was $7.3\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$ mol/L, and the complexes were extracted into MIBK solvent followed by the measurement of AAS absorbance. The potential interference of concomitant ions was investigated, but no interference from alkaline and alkali earth ions was shown in this procedure. The given procedure is precise, as judged from the relative standard deviation of less than 5% for five measured data. The recovery of 93-103% shows that this method is quantitative for such trace metal analysis.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2009

This paper presents a real-time haptic rendering method for a realistic force feedback in a remote environment with varying communication time-delay. The remote environment is assumed as a virtual environment based on a computer graphics, for example, on-line shopping mall, internet game and cyber-education. The properties of a virtual object such as stiffness and viscosity are assumed to be unknown because they are changed according to the contact position and/or a penetrated depth into the object. The DARMAX model based output estimator is proposed to trace the correct impedance of the virtual object in real-time. The output estimator is developed on the input-output relationship. It can trace the varying impedance in real-time by virtue of P-matrix resetting algorithm. And the estimator can trace the correct impedance by using a white noise that prevents the biased input-output information. Realistic output forces are generated in real-time, by using the inputs and the estimated impedance, even though the communication time delay and the impedance of the virtual object are unknown and changed. The generated forces trace the analytical forces computed from the virtual model of the remote environment. Performance is demonstrated by experiments with a 1-dof haptic device and a spring-damper-based virtual model.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 보호에 대한 반공모 코드를 위한 동적 멀티미디어 핑거프린팅 코드를 설계하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 반공모 코드(ACC: Anti-Collusion Code)를 위한 멀티미디어 핑거프린팅 코드는 BIBD(Balanced Incomplete Block Design)의 접속행렬을 보수행렬로 변환하여 k를 k+1로 증대시키는 수리적 방법으로 설계되었다. 그리고 보수행렬의 코드벡터를 사용자에게 핑거프린팅 코드로 부여하고, 콘텐츠에 삽입하였다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 사용자가 구매하는 콘텐츠로부터 특징점을 추출하고, 이를 기반으로 동적으로 핑거프린팅 코드를 설계할 수 있도록 BIBD의 v와 k+1 조건을 만족하는 반공모 코드의 후보성 코드를 코드북(Codebook)에 구축하고 ${\lambda}+1$ 조건을 만족하는 행렬(이하, Rhee행렬이라 함.)을 생성한다. 실험을 통하여 콘텐츠의 특징점 기반으로 생성된 Rhee행렬의 코드벡터는 v비트의 유의수준 ($1-{\alpha}$)에서 신뢰구간에 k가 존재하며, Rhee행렬의 각 행과 행, 열과 열 사이의 유클리디안 거리가 BIBD 기반의 보수행렬과 그래프 기반의 보수행렬과 같은 k값이 산출되었다. 더욱이 Rhee행렬의 첫 행과 첫 열은 생성과정에서 초기 점화벡터로 콘텐츠 포렌식 마크 정보가 되며, 이와 관계가 있는 나머지 코드벡터들과의 관계성이 코드북에 기록되어 있기 때문에, 공모된 코드를 추적할 때 원 핑거프린팅 코드의 상관관계 계수를 구할 필요 없이 코드북의 탐색으로 공모자를 추적이 용이하다. 따라서 본 논문에서 생성된 Rhee행렬은 수리적으로 생성된 BIBD 기반의 행렬보다 ACC로서 강인성과 충실도가 우수하다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1593-1600
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• 2015

A control chart is very useful in monitoring various production process. There are many situations in which the simultaneous control of two or more related quality variables is necessary. We construct bivariate Shewhart control charts based on the trace of the product of the estimated variance-covariance matrix and the inverse of the in-control matrix and investigate the properties of bivariate Shewart control charts with VSI procedure for monitoring covariance matrix in term of ATS (Average time to signal) and ANSW (Average number of switch) and probability of switch, ASI (Average sampling interval). Numerical results show that ATS is smaller than ARL. From examining the properties of switching in changing covariances and variances in ${\Sigma}$, ANSW values show that it does not switch frequently and does not matter to use VSI procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2016

This paper is a study on the multivariate CUSUM control charts using three different control statistics for monitoring covariance matrix. We get control limits and ARLs of the proposed multivariate CUSUM control charts using three different control statistics by using computer simulations. The performances of these proposed multivariate CUSUM control charts have been investigated by comparing ARLs. The purpose of control charts is to detect assignable causes of variation so that these causes can be found and eliminated from process, variability will be reduced and the process will be improved. We show that the charts based on three different control statistics are very effective in detecting shifts, especially shifts in covariances when the variables are highly correlated. When variables are highly correlated, our overall recommendation is to use the multivariate CUSUM control charts using trace for detecting changes in covariance matrix.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2006

최근 RFID/USN 환경에서 정보보호는 네트워크 보안 및 RFID 정보보호 기술로 구분될 수 있다. 특히, 저가의 RFID 시스템에 개인 프라이버시 보호를 위한 인증 프로토콜 설계가 활발히 연구되고 있다. 그러나, 저가의 RFID 태그의 생산과 사용자 프라이버시 보호를 위한 안전한 인증 프로토콜의 개발은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 기존의 인증 프로토콜보다 RFID 태그에서 계산량을 감소시키고 통신 오버헤드를 감소시키므로 개인 프라이버시 보호를 위한 효율적인 행렬기반 RFID 인증 프로토콜을 제안하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2008

이산화우라늄을 질산 및 미량의 불산으로 녹인 다음 우라늄 매트릭스로부터 규소를 분리하지 않고 분광광도계(spectrophotometer)로 측정할 수 있는 분석조건을 검토하였다. 분광광도계로 미량의 규소를 측정할 때 미량의 불산이 규소 분석에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 불산의 간섭을 방지하기 위하여 붕산을 사용하였다. 우라늄 용액에서 미량의 불산이 존재할 경우 포화붕산 사용 유무에 따른 규소의 회수율은 각각 $103.3{\pm}0.8$ 및 $76.6{\pm}6.8%$이었다. 포화붕산의 양은 규소의 회수율에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 본 방법으로 이산화우라늄 분말 중의 불순물로 존재하는 미량의 규소를 분리 과정없이 바로 UV-VIS 분광광도법으로 정량할 수 있었다.