• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1350-1364
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• 2021

Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pigs are important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in Chinese pig diets. Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China's Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China's pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China's pig industry.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2015

Trace elements play crucial role in the maintenance of genome stability in the cells. Many endogenous defense enzymes are containing trace elements such as superoxide dismutase and metalloproteins. These enzymes are contributing in the detoxification of reactive oxidative species (ROS) induced by ionizing radiation in the cells. Zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium are main trace elements that have protective roles against radiation-induced DNA damages. Trace elements in the free salt forms have protective effect against cell toxicity induced by oxidative stress, metal-complex are more active in the attenuation of ROS particularly through superoxide dismutase mimetic activity. Manganese-complexes in protection of normal cell against radiation without any protective effect on cancer cells are more interesting compounds in this topic. The aim of this paper to review the role of trace elements in protection cells against genotoxicity and side effects induced by ionizing radiation.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1205-1211
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• 2010

In the present article, we investigate the possibility of a real-valued map on the space of tuples of commuting trace-class self-adjoint operators, which behaves like the usual trace map on the space of trace-class linear operators. It turns out that such maps are related with continuous group homomorphisms from the Milnor's K-group of the real numbers into the additive group of real numbers. Using this connection, it is shown that any such trace map must be trivial, but it is proposed that the target group of a nontrivial trace should be a linearized version of Milnor's K-theory as with the case of universal determinant for commuting tuples of matrices rather than just the field of constants.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.65-68
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• 2003

A quantitative study of the amount of air transported between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere is important for understanding air quality and upper tropospheric ozone, which is a greenhouse gas. Frontal systems are known to be an effective mechanism for the vertical transport of pollutants. Numerical experiments have been performed with a simple two-dimensional front model to simulate vertical transport of trace gases within developing cold fronts. Three different trace gases experiments have been done numerically according to the different initial fields of trace gases such as aerosol, ozone and $H_2O_2$. Trace gas field tilts to the east while the front tilts to the west. Aerosol simulation shows that pollutants can be transported out of the boundary to altitudes of about 10 km. The stratospheric ozone is brought downwards in a tropopause fold behind of the frontal surface. The meridional gradient in trace gas ($H_2O_2$) can cause a complicate structure in the trace field by the meridional advection.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1990

본 논문은 음성인식을 위한 neural network의 하나인 TRACE model에 대하여 기술한다. TRACE model은 HEARSAY 음성이해 system의 blackboard 구조와 유사한 trace 구조를 사용하여 정보처리 unit들간의 자극성 내지 억제성 연결에 의한 상호작용의 결과로서 음성을 인식한다. TRACE model은 특징층, 음소층 그리고 단어층의 3층으로 구성되며 층간의 unit들이 상호작용할 뿐 아니라 동일층의 unit들이 상호경쟁함으로써 음성인식에 있어서의 context 효과, segmentation 및 잡음 등의 문제를 해결할 수 있다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.257-271
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• 2016

In this paper, we compute the trace field of C(2, s), the complement of two component chain link with s left half twists in ${\mathbb{S}}^3$, for every s. As a result, for every $n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}{\backslash}\{1\}$, we can find $s{\in}{\mathbb{Z}}$ such that the degree of the trace field of C(2, s) is n. We also prove that if for fixed p, the degree of the trace field of C(p, s) runs over ${\mathbb{N}}{\backslash}\{1\}$, then p is contained in {1, 2, 4, 8}.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2008

In this paper we present some trace inequalities for positive definite matrices in statistical mechanics. In order to prove the method of the uniform bound on the generating functional for the semi-classical model, we use some trace inequalities and matrix norms and properties of trace for positive definite matrices.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding trace mineralsfortified mixed microbial culture (TMC) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolyte status, nitrogen balance, and trace mineral balance in sheep. Methods: Mixed microbes [0.6 % (v/w) of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.] were cultured with 99 % feedstuffs and 0.4 % trace minerals including zinc and copper for ensiling. Six sheep (a mean body weight of $46.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were fed two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rye straw) and an experimental diet (a control diet + 3.1 % TMC). Results: TMC feeding did not induce negative effects on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolytes, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Feeding with TMC increased the intake of trace minerals (p < 0.05) and did not affect absorption of trace minerals in the whole digestive tract. Feeding with TMC increased fecal excretion and absorbable intake, and retention of zinc and copper (p < 0.05) by 71 % and 77 %, respectively. Conclusion: Feeding with TMC resulted in higher zinc and copper bioavailability and retention without any adverse effects on sheep performance.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.930-940
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• 2013

We evaluated contamination with organic matter and trace metals by analyzing grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in surface sediments at 28 stations around the Geum River estuary in July 2008. The surface sediments in the estuary were mainly composed of coarse sediment (sand and muddy sand), with mean grain size (Mz) ranging between $2-4{\O}$. The high concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals were mainly found at stations in front of the Gusan outer port and industrial complex, and near the Seocheon coast with relatively fine sediments. In addition, the concentrations of IL and all trace metals, except Pb and As, showed good positive correlations with Mz, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals were mainly dependent on sediment grain size. The concentrations of COD, AVS, and trace metals in most sediments did not exceed the sediment quality guideline (SQGs). Although the sediments in the study region are not polluted with organic matter and trace metals, there are many point sources of pollutants, such as Gusan port and industrial complex, Janghang refinery, and a thermoelectric power plant around the Geum River estuary. Thus, the management of coastal environments through periodic monitoring of organic matter and trace metals is required in the future.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2009

1. Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the Sasang constitutional equilibrium functional difference according to drinking and smoking. 2. Methods: We analyzed the data of 300 adults(194 males, 106 females), who visited Cheonan oriental hospital of D univ. for medical examination, which includes Sasang constitution examination, equilibrium function test, questionnaire. We evaluationed the equilibrium function by measurement of open eyes and close eyes trace length, using the posturography system, according to drinking groups, smoking groups and drinking-smoking groups. 3. Results and Conclusions: The results were as follows : 1) In all subjects, trace length of heavy-drinker was significantly higher than non-drinker, trace length of smoker was significantly higher than non-smoker, trace length of drinker and smoker was significantly higher than non-drinker and non-smoker, trace length of male was significantly higher than female. 2) In Soyangin, trace length of middle-drinker was significantly higher than non-drinker. 3) In Taeumin, trace length of heavy-drinker was significantly higher than non-drinker, trace length of smoker was significantly higher than non-smoker, trace length of drinker and smoker was significantly higher than non-drinker and non-smoker. 4) In Soumin, trace length of drinker and smoker was significantly higher than non-drinker and non-smoker. The above results show that driking and smoking are one of main causes to decrease equilibrium function, specially the case of at once drinking and smoking are a potent influence. Also in Taeumin, comparing to different consitutions, the above results show that it is more obvious that drinking and smoking are influence on decrease of equilibrium function.