• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.545-551
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• 2012

Due to the use of polymeric materials in construction materials, the fire combustion gases that occur in the fire are various. The one of combustion gases, HBr is measured to evaluate the toxicity of the combustion gases in the FTP Code Part 2, Standard NES 713 and Standard BS 6853. According to the MSDS, Inhalation of HBr gas especially cause burn, respiratory dysfunction, headache, etc. The people who are exposed to 50ppm of HBr gas, very irritant gas may also frequently result in both immediate death and post-exposure deaths due to pulmonary complications. In this paper, we conduct a research on the combustion toxicity of HBr gas hazardous test which is motility measurement of the mice exposed to the HBr standard gas comparing the biological analysis result.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4 s.64
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• pp.26-32
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• 2006

Nowadays in Korea, KS F 2271 has been using for the test of fire safety performance of sandwich panels. Smoke toxicity test is the test for the toxicity evaluation of smoke and hazardous gas, caused by combustion of building materials and finishing materials. Smoke toxicity can be evaluated by the mean incapacitation time of mice; however this method is not a quantitative way. This test result can be influenced by the health status of mice and test condition. Specific optical density can be quantitatively measured by ISO 5659-2 single chamber method and toxic gases can be quantitatively measured by FTIR analysis. In this study, specific optical density of sandwich panel insulations, which are widely used in Korea, were tested using the ISO 5659-2 single chamber test method and compared with each test. Also, in the second test of three tests for each specimen, FTIR analysis was performed and quantitative test results(HCl, $NO_2$, etc) were compared with each test result.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

This study was carried out to observe the impacts of a mouse's inhalation of toxic gas SO2 generated from combustion on its organs by different concentrations. As for research methods: First, after concentrations of SO2 generation from combustion had been set to three: low (10.4 ppm), middle (24.9 ppm) and high (122 ppm) through Gas Toxicity Testing Method (KS F 2271) and SO2 combustion gas was exposed to eight mice in each concentration. Five mice that were able to move based on LD50, a criterion, which sets the down time of a mouse's average behaviors to over 9 minutes, were randomly selected in each concentration, and they were set up as the subjects of the study on toxicity bio-markers. Second, tissues were taken from heart, liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland of the mice selected in each concentration and a pathological examination of them was carried out. As a result, microvascular congestion appeared in the heart, and cell necrosis, cortex congestion and tubule medulla congestion, etc. in each concentration were observed in addition to vascular congestion in liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland. Also, it was found that the higher the concentrations of SO2 exposure is, the greater, the changes in the organs get. Through this study, SO2 of various toxic gases generated from fire turned out to affect the tissues of each organ of a mouse, it is expected that the toxic gases may greatly affect human body in case of actual fire, and this study is evaluated as having a significance as a basic data on inhalation toxicity assessment of toxic substances generated in combustion.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

Casualties due to toxic smoke products have been reported as major fire damage. There are various tests in order to evaluate toxic smoke from a fire at home and abroad, and KS F 2271 as a test of the gas hazard of building finish materials has been conducted in Korea. The current test of the gas hazard exposes rodent, laboratory rat, to smoke gases to evaluate combustion gas toxicity by measuring acting time of that. this study performed a test of the gas hazard for combustible polymer material, Urethane and rubber flooring, and determined gases with the FT-IR. Quantitative results compared with standard value defined in BS6853 and toxicity index (R) was calculated. Using relative comparison with animal test and the toxicity index, We tried a variety of toxicity evaluation by correlation analysis of two tests.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.188-192
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.74-77
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.6 s.78
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• pp.38-45
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• 2006

Polymeric floorings mainly consisted of PVC are easily decomposed by many kinds of hot environmental factors, then generate hazardous asphyxiate gases and/or toxic gases etc. Therefore the mechanism of decomposition and quantitative toxic indices of products are very important for preventing safety and health disasters, especially in case of confined area. So we have investigated decomposition kinetics, numbers of process involved, toxicity indices of product and so on, using DSC, TGA, FT-IR and Pyrolyzer-GC/MS. The thermal decomposition process of polymeric floorings can be mainly divided by dehydrochlorinated reaction and polyene decomposition step, and activation energies of those are approximately $53.93{\sim}62.42kcal/mol$. Especially lethal concentration($LC_{50}$), fractional effective dose (FED) are calculated by measuring the amount of decomposition product. The values on $LC_{50}$ of sample G are ranged $2,003{\sim}2,019(mg/m^{3})$ in case of sample K and H are $1,877,\;1,998(g/m^{3})$ respectively. Even if the results are estimated by calculation method without animal test and/or clinical demonstration, these values could be very useful data for occupational health, hygiene and safety control.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The aim of the research is to estimate the effect of smoke and combustion gases on humane body indirectly through measuring the toxicity of those. For this purpose, the toxic index of smoke and combustion gases was investigated by smoke hazard test and analysis of smoke which were conducted by KS F 2271 and NES 713 method respectively. It i s proved by KS F 2271 method that PASCON trough is suitable to the testing standard of interior material and construction of building. In addition, it is identified by NES 713 method that combustion gases occurring in PASCON product were only carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and the smoke index of those was 0.944. This value means that the hazard effect of smoke gases on humane ! body can possibly happens when exposed to the smoke gases for more than 30 min. In aspect of the domestic situation that have not regulated the hazard estimation and the emissions of smoke when the flame retarding ability of the products have been requested, the toxic indexes of PASCON products are comparatively low.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.14-21
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• 2002

The several floor finishing materials that widely used in entertainment service industry buildings were evaluated according to the method of NES 713. Also, toxic gases of floor finishing materials in combustion without air flow rate were checked as concentration of fire gases variation according to time using gas analyzer. We had estimated the smoke hazard of floor finishing materials in fire. As results of gas analyses using the method of NES 713, toxic index of samples was estimated range of 2～9.7. Therefore, a large amount of toxic gases will release from a floor finishing materials fire and connoted great smoke hazard in fire.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.129-140
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• 2012

Smoke toxicity is the test for the toxicity evaluation of smoke and hazardous gas, caused by combustion of building materials and finishing materials. Smoke toxicity can be evaluated by the mean incapacitation time of mice. This test result can be influenced by the health status of mice and test condition. In acute inhalation toxicity test of hazardous gas, no typical clinical findings and histopathologic abnormalities were observed. Tracheitis and bronchitis as well as acute lung inflammation around terminal bronchiole in some mouse of the highest dose group. Through this study, we established the method for inhalation toxicity test of hazardous gas as well as the SOP of inhalation toxicity test. However, in the future studies, the concentration control methods for inhalation technologies on hazardous gas will be needed to improve continuously and also further studies on other gas inhalation toxicity will be needed to conduct.