• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.773-779
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the changes in the contents of vitamin C and fermentation characteristics of kimchi on different Chinese cabbage variety(Koreangji Yureum: KY, Kalak Shin Il Ho: KS) and fermentation temperature(5oC, 15oC). Kimchi were fermented at 5oC and 15oC for 140 days and 25 days respectively. In all samples, total acidity increased, and the pH, total sugar and reducing sugar content decreased as the fermentation proceeded. Also, the number of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum at the optimum fermenting stage. On the other hand, total ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid from individual kimchi solid tissue significantly decreased with fermentation periods, however, increased kimchi liquid at the 7day in KS 15(kimchi prepared with Kalak Shin Il Ho at 15oC), KY 15(kimchi prepared with Korangji Yureum at 15oC) and at the 65day in KY 5(kimchi prepared with Korangji Yureum at 5oC) respectively. Therefore, different fermentation temperature as well as variety affected ascorbic acid contents and chemical characteristics of kimchi.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

In order to observe the bioactivity of ovariectomized rats, ovariectomized group (Ovx), nonovariectomized group (Sham), ovariectomized Vitamin C-treat group (Ovx+Vit C), ovariectomized Vitamin E-treat group (Ovx+Vit E) and ovariectomized Vitamin C+Vitamin E-treat group(Ovx+Vit C+E) were made. Lipidperoxides of liver and kidney, serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were investigate as follows. Lipidperoxides of liver and kidney in Ovx group were 1.78 times and 1.61 times increased compared to Sham group respectively. But, they were significantly decreased in Ovx+Vit C group, Ovx+Vit E group, Ovx+Vit C+E group compared to Ovx group. Serum total cholesterol in Ovx group was increased 2.57 times compared to Sham group. Injections of each substance such as ascorbate, tocopherol, mixture (C+E) make data of Cholesterol become low. When especially Vit C is injected, the data of cholesterol lowed by about 94%. Serum HDL-cholesterol in Ovx group decreased 36.7% compared to Sham group. And as the result of the measurement of SOD, Catalase, and GPx which are antioxidant enzyme, SOD and Catalase activities in Ovx group much higher than in Sham group. Based on the results, it is supposed that more produced free radicals increased antioxidant enzyme. And it is also thought that vitamin can inhibit aging by reducing antioxidant enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2008

To produce buckwheat sprouts, buckwheats were germinated at $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ up to 8 days in total darkness. In proximate analysis, moisture content increased from 13.87% of buckwheat groats to 93.75% of buckwheat sprouts on the 8th day of germination. On dry weight basis, lipid and ash contents increased like as protein content increased from 13.45% to 21.82% while carbohydrate content decreased due to enzyme hydrolysis. Amino acids were rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acids, and lysine, and also the ratio of the essential amino acids to total amino acids increased from 26.84% to 36.84%. Vitamin C did not exist in buckwheat groats but its content has continued to increase as far as 99.56 mg/100 g buckwheat sprouts. Rutin continued to increase by HPLC analysis from 4.71 mg/100 g buckwheat groats to 1,524 mg/100 g buckwheat sprouts. In analysis of organic acids, oxalic, maleic, and citric acids were commonly found in buckwheat sprouts. Fagopyrin was found almost none in buckwheat sprouts. In conclusion, the conversion of buckwheat seeds into sprouts through germination in darkness results in physically different final product with nutritional changes such as higher content of rutin, generation of vitamin C, abundance of the essential amino acids, and the existence of fagopyrin on very little.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin $B_6$ intake and status in Korean patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Sixty-four patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 8-11% glycated hemoglobin (A1C), along with 28 age-matched non-diabetic subjects, participated. Dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake was estimated by the 24 hour recall method and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) was measured. There was a significant difference in daily total calorie intake between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups ($1,917{\pm}376$ vs $2,093{\pm}311\;kcal$). There were no differences in intake of total vitamin $B_6$ ($2.51{\pm}0.91$ vs $2.53{\pm}0.81\;mg/d$) or vitamin $B_6$/1,000 kcal ($1.31{\pm}0.42$ vs $1.20{\pm}0.32\;mg$) between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, and I intakes of total vitamin $B_6$ were above the Korean RDA in both groups ($180.0{\pm}57.9$ vs $179.0{\pm}65.4$). There was a higher percentage of diabetic subjects whose plasma PLP concentration was < 30 nmol/L compared to non-diabetic group. Plasma PLP levels tended to be lower in the diabetic subjects than in the non-diabetic subjects, although the difference was not statistically significant due to a large standard deviation ($80.0{\pm}61.2\;nmol/L$ vs $68.2{\pm}38.5\;nmol/L$). Nevertheless, plasma PLP levels should be monitored in pre-diabetic patients with diabetic risk factors as well as in newly diagnosed diabetic patients for long-term management of diabetes, even though this factor is not a major risk factor that contributes to the development of degenerative complications in certain patients.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.461-465
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• 2007

In this study, changes in the overall antioxidant properties and chemical constituents including total phenolics and vitamin C of R. occidentalis fruit during ripening are studied. The antioxidant activity was measured by the free-radical scavenging activity(DPPH method) and reducing power(potassium ferricyanide method). Although, the weight and diameter of R. occidentalis fruit were increased with the progress of ripening, antioxidant activity and total phenolics were decrease during ripening. The highest free-radical scavenging activity(at $125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and reducing power(at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) in fruit were 61.67% and 0.71, respectively. Total phenolic content and vitamin C content in fruit of 5 days after fruit set were $220.73{\mu}g/g$ and $540.45{\mu}g/g$, respectively. A linear correlation(r=0.9761) was shown between free-radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of ultrasonification on extraction yield and chemical properties of green tea infusion. Changes in total soluble matter(TSM), vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, flavonols, catechins, caffeine, free amino acids contents in green tea infusion(GTI) influenced by ultrasonification at $60^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature for 1, 5, 30, and 60 min were investigated. The amount of infused TSM increased about 5.3% by ultrasonification for 60min. Vitamin C contents also increased 0.21, 0.16, 0.31 mg/g from 1 to 30 min by ultrasonification. However, vitamin C decreased from 2.47 to 2.22 mg/g at 60min. Total phenol compounds contents increased about 10~13 mg/g on all extraction times by ultrasonification. Flavonols such as, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol were increased to doubled contents as an influence of ultrasonification. Catechins such as, EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, (+)-C and caffeine contents showed same tendency as the results of vitamin C. On the other hand, result of free amino acids showed different tendency. All amounts of free amino acids did not increase by ultrasonification. Consequently, content of bioactive compounds such as, vitamin C, total phenolic, flavonols and catechins in green tea infusion were influenced by ultrasonification.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.643-650
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• 1996

A long term feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of different dietary vitamin C levels on growth and its tissue distributions in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Prior to the start of feeding trial, fish were fed the basal diet supplementing no L-ascorbic acid for four weeks to minimize their body reserves of vitamin C. Then fish were divided into six groups with triplicates and given one of the laboratory semipurified diets supplementing either 0, 25, 50, 75, 150, or 1500 mg L-ascovbic acid (AA)/kg diet $(C_0,\;C_{25},\;C_{50},\;C_{75},\;C_{150},\;&\;C_{1500})$. Fish fed the $C_0$ diet had lower percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). After 28 weeks of feeding trial, tissue AA concentrations of fish fed $C_0$ diet were lower than those of fish fed $C_{1500}$ diet (P<0.05). A large amount of total tissue Ah may be reserved in muscle, but the unit AA concentration seemed to be higher in brain than did the other tissues. The growth performances of fish fed $C_{25}$ diet were not different compared to those of fish fed $C_{50}-C_{1500}$ diets (P>0.05), and diet analysis of vitamin C showed that the $C_{25}$ diet had 65 mg AA/kg diet. Therefore, the present long-term study may suggest that the dietary vitamin C requirement is approximately 65 mg AA/kg diet in juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2011

This study was undertaken to investigate iron status and related factors in female college students residing in Gyeongnam. The subjects were divided into normal (40.8%) and iron deficiency (ID) groups (59.2%) by iron status. Mean height, weight, lean body mass, percent body fat, body mass index, and wrist to hip ratio were not significantly different between the groups, but basic metabolic rate was significantly higher in the normal group than that in the ID group. The levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in the normal group than those in the ID group. However, total iron binding capacity was significantly lower in the normal group than that in the ID group. Daily intake of protein, heme-Fe, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly higher in the normal group than those in the ID group. The mean intake of protein, Fe, niacin, vitamin $B_{12}$, and vitamin C based on the Korean recommended intake (RI) were significantly higher in the normal group than those in the ID group. The mean intakes of Ca, vitamin $B_{12}$, and folate in both groups were < 75% of the Korean RI. In conclusion, increasing dietary heme-Fe and vitamin C may be helpful for preventing ID anemia in female college students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4383-4386
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• 2015

Background: The C1561T variant of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) gene is critical for natural methylfolylpolyglutamte (methylfolate) absorption, and has been associated with perturbations in folate metabolism and disease susceptibility. However, little is known on C1561T-GCPII as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Therefore, this study examined whether C1561T-GCPII influences folate metabolism and adenomatous polyp occurrence. Materials and Methods: 164 controls and 38 adenomatous polyp cases were analysed to determine blood folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, dietary intake of natural methylfolate, synthetic pteroylglutamic acid (PteGlu), vitamin C and C1561T-GCPII genotype. Results: In controls and cases, 7.3 and 18.4 percent of subjects respectively, were found to have the CT genotype, increasing the risk for adenomatous polyp occurrence 2.86 times (95% CI:1.37-8.0, p=0.035). Total dietary folate, methylfolate and PteGlu intake and the level of erythrocyte folate and plasma Hcy did not predict the occurrence of an adenomatous polyp. However, dietary natural vitamin C intake was associated with adenomatous polyp risk within C1561T-GCPII CT genotype subjects (p=0.037). Conclusions: The findings suggest that C1561T-GCPII variation may be associated with risk for adenomatous polyp, and vitamin C may modify risk by interacting with the variant gene, its expression product and/or folate substrates.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual glucosinolate (GSL), total phenol, total flavonoid, and vitamin C content, and antioxidant activity under various light quality condition, mainly focusing on red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratios in three Brassica sprouts (radish, Chinese cabbage, and broccoli). Three R/FR ratio of 0.6, 1.3, and 2.0 were exposed to 5-day old sprouts for 48 h in a controlled environment, and the targeted phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities were compared with three separate control plot of dark, fluorescent, and red:blue 8:2 conditions. Total GSL content was highest in broccoli among the cultivars throughout the respective treatments, and increased with the increasing of R/FR ratio in the broccoli sprouts, while the content showed non-significant results in the Chinese cabbage sprouts. The progoitrin, a major GSL in Chinese Cabbage and broccoli, content decreased by upto 38% and 69%, respectively, with decreasing the R/FR ratio compared to the control plots (fluorescent, red:blue 8:2, and dark condition). The contents of phenol, flavonoid, and vitamin C were lowest in dark condition in all the three Brassica sprouts. The total phenol content and antioxidant activities increased with decreasing the R/FR ratio in all the Brassica sprouts, while total flavonoid and vitamin C content showed different patterns depending upon the Brassica sprouts. These results suggest that additional use of FR is expected to improve the functional quality of Brassica sprouts in different ways.