• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.792-799
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate whether the co-injection of antioxidants together with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination has the potential to attenuate the negative effects caused by vaccination in Holstein finishing steers. Methods: A total of 36 finishing Holstein steers (body weight [BW]: $608{\pm}45.6kg$, 17 months old) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: i) control (CON, only FMD vaccination without any co-injection), ii) co-injection of commercial non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with FMD vaccination at a ratio of 10:1 (NSAID vol/FMD vaccine vol) as a positive control (PCON), iii) co-injection of commercial mixture of vitamin E and selenium with FMD vaccination (VITESEL) (1 mL of FMD vaccine+1 mL of antioxidants per 90 kg of BW). Changes in growth performance and blood parameters because of treatments were determined. Results: No significant difference in BW, average daily gain, and dry matter intake of the steers was observed among the treatments. The FMD vaccination significantly increased white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, platelets, and mean platelet volume (p<0.01) in blood analysis. The count of lymphocyte tended to increase after vaccination (p = 0.08). In blood analysis, steers in VITESEL tended to have higher numbers of WBC, neutrophils, and platelets compared to that of other treatments (p = 0.09, 0.06, and 0.09, respectively). Eosinophils in VITESEL were higher than those in PCON (p<0.01). Among blood metabolites, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate transaminase were significantly increased, but cholesterol, alanine transferase, inorganic phosphorus, Mg, and albumin were decreased after FMD vaccination (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of antioxidants in FMD vaccination did not attenuate growth disturbance because of FMD vaccination. The metabolic changes induced by vaccination were not controlled by the administration of antioxidants. The protective function of antioxidants was effective mainly on the cell counts of leukocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2010

This study was performed to compare the dietary intake and food sources of zinc (Zn), using a database of Zn composition developed in this study, between elementary schoolchildren in a remote rural area (RA, n=58, $9.9{\pm}1.7\;yrs$) and those in an urban area (UA, n=60, $9.4{\pm}1.8\;yrs$) in Chungnam province in Korea. A dietary survey for three days by food record method was performed. All kinds of foods (n=273) consumed by subjects were collected by aliquot sampling method, and the Zn content of these foods were analyzed by wet technique. The results showed that the daily mean intakes of energy, calcium, iron, and vitamin C from diet in the RA were in the range of 49-88% of the Korean DRI (KDRI), while those in the UA were similar to or greater than the KDRI, except for calcium and iron. The daily mean intake of Zn from the RA diet was $7.0{\pm}0.5\;mg/d$ ($114.1{\pm}8.4%$ of the KDRI), and $16.0{\pm}1.0\;mg/d$ ($258.3{\pm}16.3%$ of the KDRI) in that of the UA (p<0.001). The percentage of dietary intake of Zn less than 2/3 of the KDRI was 19.0% in the RA, in comparison to 1.7% in the UA. Those in the RA consumed Zn from plant foods more often than did those in the UA (p<0.001). Beef rib stew was the food source with highest Zn amount for the total subjects, followed by beef rib meat, roasted; and beef soup w/seasoned red pepper sauce. These results showed that some children in the RA had poor Zn nutrition based upon low intakes and poor food sources of Zn, while overall, children in the UA had good Zn nutrition. Therefore, those in RAs should have their Zn nutrition improved through government policy and nutrition education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education based on ubiquitous healthcare (u-health) service on changes in dietary habits, nutrition intake, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in male workers. In total, 72 male office workers with at least three risk factors of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III were recruited as subjects. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses were conducted on all subjects. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were determined by a questionnaire using the 24-hour dietary recall method before and after nutrition education. Subjects measured their body composition, blood pressure, and physical activity more than once per week during the 12 weeks using the u-health care equipment and sent these data to a central database system using a personal computer. Individual nutrition counseling was provided four times on the first, fourth, eight, and twelfth weeks. The results showed significant decreases in abdominal circumference, body fat (%), diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, and serum total cholesterol during the 12 weeks. Subjects with more than 12 measurements showed significant reductions in abdominal circumference, body fat (%), serum triglyceride, and serum total cholesterol. Mean intake of dietary fiber, animal calcium, potassium, vitamin C, and folic acid after nutrition education were higher than those before nutrition education. Participants showed significant increases in the frequencies of consuming protein foods (meat, fish, eggs, beans, tofu, etc.) and vegetables. In conclusion, nutrition education through the u-health service resulted in positive effects on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome, nutrient intake, and dietary habits.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2014

This experiment evaluated the interaction effect of extreme heat diet(EHD), inverse lighting, and cool water on the growth performance of broiler chickens under extreme heat stress. There were 4 experimental groups (T1: EHD 1, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light, cold water $9^{\circ}C$; T2: EHD 2, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light, cold water $9^{\circ}C$; T3: EHD 1, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light, cold water $14^{\circ}C$; T4: EHD 2, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light, cold water $14^{\circ}C$), each group composed of 25 broilers and the experiment was repeated 3 times. EHD 1 contained soybean oil, molasses, methionine and lysine. EHD 2 contained all nutrients of EHD 1 and vitamin C additionally. As a result, T1 and T2 displayed higher body weight increase and diet intake compared to T3 and T4 (p<0.05). The weights of their liver and gizzard were similar but the weights of the thymus and bursa F were higher for T1 and T2 compared to that of T3 and T4 (p<0.05). It was observed that T1 and T2 displayed higher concentrations of blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and blood sugar compared to that of T3 and T4 but LDL-C level was higher for T3 and T4 compared to that of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). T1 and T2 displayed higher levels of immunity substances such as IgG, IgA and IgM compared to T3 and T4 but the blood level of corticosterone displayed to be lower for T1 and T2 compared to T3 and T4 (p<0.05). The T1 and T2 contained a higher amount of fecal lactobacillus compared to that of T3 and T4 but the T3 and T4 contained a higher amount of fecal E. coli, total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria compared to that of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). T1 and T2 displayed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid, propionic acid and total short chain fatty acids compared to T3 and T4 but T3 and T4 displayed higher concentrations of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid compared to T1 and T2 (p<0.05). These results have been observed that broiler chickens exposed to extreme heat stress with feeding EHD, inverse lighting and cold water would improve blood lipid, and elevate the production of immunity substance, beneficial microorganisms, and short chain fatty acids. This provision would also reduce the blood sugar consumption rate as energy sources and these effects will improve the growth performance of the broilers exposed to extreme heat.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.405-413
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• 2010

This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of quercetin and methoxylated quercetin extracted from onions on oxidation of chicken thigh during cold storage. For 35 days, 1-day-old 320 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into 8 groups and supplemented the diet; basal diet only (T1), T1 with antibiotics (T2), vitamin E 20 IU (T3), vitamin E 200 IU (T4), quercetin 20 ppm (T5), quercetin 200 ppm (T6), methoxylated quercetin 20 ppm (T7), methoxylated quercetin 200 ppm (T8). After slaughtering the broilers, thigh meats were collected and analyzed the oxidation stability during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) was ranged from 10.98~15.37 mg% until day 3 and quercetin 20 ppm (T5) significantly reduced (p<0.05) the VBN value of thigh as much as antibiotics treatment group (T2). The supplementation of quercetin at a 200 ppm level significantly reduced 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value when compared with the control. Supplementation of 20 ppm quercetin also affected fatty acid composition of chicken thigh and resulted in increase of C18:1w9 and decrease of C18:2w6 on day 3. In microbes of chicken thigh during storage, supplementation of 20 ppm quercetin significantly reduced total microbes compare to control on day 7 (p<0.05). There was no effect on the number of coliforms in thigh with quercetin diet. From these results, the dietary supplementation of 20 ppm of quercetin may have effects on enhancing oxidation stability.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.16.2-16
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• 1982

The palatine tonsils which are located in entrance of digestive and upper respiratory tracts are the most important organ in anatomical and functional structures of the pharyngeal lymphatic tissues. As for function of the tonsil, there have been many suspected theories that were included hematopoietic, hormonal, digestive function and production of vitamin, entry of bacteria with other antigenous materials and defence mechanism of which has taken charge by Virchow in 1860 in past. But among these theories, in recently, defence mechanism of the tonsil was strongly accepted immunologically. For the purpose of elucidating immune response of the tonsil, the author observed serum immunoglobulin levels, peripheral total lymphocyte counts and populations of T, B and Null lymphocytes before and after tonsillectomy in 30 cases of patients with chronic tonsillitis and 29 cases of healthy controls. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Serum Ig M level was significantly higher in patient group than in control group but was not significantly different preoperative from postoperative patient group. 2) Population of T-lymphocyte more significantly decreased in patient group than in control group but it was not significantly different preoperative from postoperative patient group. 3) Population of B-lymphocyte more significiantly increased in patient group than in control group but it was not significantly different preoperative from postoperative patient group. On the basis of these results, it may be suggested that tonsil play partially a role in the immune response of human.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.237-249
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidant effect of Chungkukjang supplementation against memory impairment and oxidative stress in scopolamine (2 mg/kg i.p)-injected mice was investigated. The experimental animals were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for 12 weeks; normal diet group (C), scopolamine + normal diet group (S), scopolamine + 63.0% soybean Chungkukjang supplementation group (SS), scopolamine + 45.0% Yakkong Chungkukjang supplementation group (SY), and scopolamine + 50.0% black foods such as black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle added Yakkong Chungkukjang group (SYB). For the results of food intake, body weight gain, and brain weights, levels of scopolamine-injected groups were lower than the levels of the control group. The reduced brain weight of the scopolamine-injected group (S) was regulated to control level by supplementation of three types Chungkukjang. In the oxidative stress indicator, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in serum of scopolamine-injected mice were higher than those of other groups. However, supplementation of soybeans, Yakkong and black foods added Yakkong Chungkukjang was proven to regulate them. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in serum showed no significant differences among the groups. The reduced levels of vitamin A and vitamin E in serum and brain tissue of scopolamine-injected mice were controlled by supplementation of three types of Chungkukjang. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of scopolamine-injected group was lower than those of other groups. However, TAC was significantly elevated by Chunggukjang supplementation. Therefore, antioxidative effects of soybeans, Yakkong, and black foods added Yakkong Chungkukjang supplementations against oxidative stress in scopolamine-injected in mice could expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.840-848
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• 2007

This study was performed in order to investigate the stress levels, sleep, anthropometric measurement and nutrient intakes their correlations of college students. General characteristics, stress scores using a stress test, sleep scores using a sleep test, anthropometric measurement, body composition using Inbody 3.0 and nutrient intakes using 3-day recalls were measured in 353 subjects (183 males and 170 females). Mean total stress score of the male students was 68.2${\pm}$45.0 and that of the female students was 86.5${\pm}$48.7. Stress for study, future, economic and value-related factors were higher than other factors in both male and female students. Female students were more stressed than male in friend, family, study, future and value-related factors. Mean sleeping time and sleep scores of the male students were 7.0 hrs and 40.6${\pm}$5.7, respectively and that of the female students were 7.1 hrs and 41.5${\pm}$5.3, respectively. Mean height, weight, percent body fat (PBF) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) of the male students were 174.8 cm, 73.3 kg, 19.0% and 0.84, respectively. Mean height, weight, PBF, and WHR of the female students were 161.7 cm, 55.3 kg, 28.7% and 0.81, respectively. Mean energy and protein intakes of the male students were 2026.3 kcal (77.9% EER) and 83.0 g (150.9% RI) and those of the female students were 1538.2 kcal (73.2% EER) and 60.7 g (134.9% RI), respectively. In male students, sleep duration, professor and future problem showed significantly negative correlation (p<0.05). For both male and female students, in correlations between sleep scores, life stress experience frequency and importance, the total scores showed significantly negative correlation (p<0.01). Sleep scores (sleep quality) have more significant correlation than sleep duration in life stress. In male students, correlations between economic problem and weight, waist circumference and hip circumference showed significantly negative correlation. In female students, correlations between different gender problem and body mass index (p<0.05), PBF (p<0.01), WHR (p<0.01) and obesity degree (p<0.05) showed significantly negative correlation while correlation between study problem and PBF (p<0.05), WHR (p<0.05) showed significantly positive correlation. In male students, there were significantly positive correlations between life stress experience frequency and carbohydrate calcium, iron, vitamin A; correlation between importance and calcium, iron as well as correlation between total life stress scores and iron (p<0.05). In female students, correlation between life stress experience frequency and thiamin along with correlation between importance and thiamin showed significant negative correlation (p<0.05). College students need to practice good life habits for the purpose of correctly managing life stress.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2013

This study examined the total polyphenol content of eight wild edible plants from Ethiopia and their effect on NO production in Raw264.7 cells. Owing to its relatively high polyphenol concentration and inhibition of NO production, the methanol extract of Adansonia digitata L. leaf (MEAD) was subjected to detailed evaluation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Antioxidant effects were assessed by measuring free-radical-scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen-radical-absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, while anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In the ORAC assay, MEAD was 10.2 times more potent than vitamin C at eliminating peroxyl radicals. In DPPH assay, MEAD also showed a strong ROS scavenging effect. MEAD significantly inhibited iNOS activity ($IC_{50}=28.6{\mu}g/ml$) of LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. We also investigated the relationship between iNOS expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation. MEAD inhibited $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation and NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells without significant cytotoxic effects, as confirmed by MTT assay. These results suggest that MEAD inhibits anti-inflammatory iNOS expression, which might be related to the elimination of peroxyl radicals and thus the inhibition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$-mediated NF-${\kappa}B$ signal transduction.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to distinguish which food is fast foods and to define the characteristics of fast foods. The 14 kind of foods(hamburger, pizza, fried chicken, raymyeon, hotdog, doughnut, fried fish cake, jajangmyeon udong, ice cream, dukbokki, spaghetti, sandwich, gimbab, and salad) and 5 characteristics of fast foods(takeout, franchise, fast serving, unhealthy, and cheap price foods) were selected based on the dictionary and previous research papers about fast foods for this study. A total of 306 male and female high school student in Daejeon area were participated. The data were gathered by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. The participants evaluated the fast foods as delicious and convenient foods but non-nutritious, i.e. high fat but vitamin deficient foods. Among the 14 foods examined, hamburger, pizza, and fried chicken were the foods which more than 90% of the participants acknowledged to fast foods. Dukbokki, spaghetti, sandwich, gimbab, and salad were the foods which less than 50% of the participant acknowledged to fast foods. Among the 5 characteristics of fast food examined, unhealthy foods showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and odds ratio(0.803, 0.712, 0.597, and 2.79, respectively), and cheap price showed the lowest values of those(0.565, 0.335, 0.242, and 0.85, respectively) for acknowledging foods to fast foods. As conclusion, hamburger, pizza, and fried chicken were the representative foods of fast foods. Fast foods are generally considered as fast served cheap price foods, but the participants did not think the fast foods as fast and cheap foods. The most distinguished characteristics of fast foods in the students' minds was unhealthy foods.