• Title/Summary/Keyword: total sugar

Search Result 2,709, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Simultaneous - Automated Determination of Nicotine Alkaloid, Reducing Sugar, Total Sugar and Ammonia on the Same Extract of Tobacco Leaf. (니코틴 알카로이드, 환원당, 전당, 암모니아의 동시자동분석법)

  • 김신일;황건중;김찬호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.73-78
    • /
    • 1982
  • A procedure for the simultaneous determination of reducing sugar, nicotine alkaloid, total sugar and ammonia has been developed. The four components of tobacco extracted from ground tobacco sample with 2 % acetic acid were deter mined with a Technicon autoanalyzer system. The relative errors in burley and flue-cured tobacco leaves were 3.6% in comparison with each official methods.

  • PDF

Chemical Composition of Korean Natural Honeys and Sugar Fed Honeys (천연꿀과 사양꿀의 성분 분석)

  • Kim, Se Gun;Hong, In Phyo;Woo, Soon Ok;Jang, Hye Ri;Jang, Jae Seon;Han, Sang Mi
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
    • /
    • v.30 no.1
    • /
    • pp.112-119
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, we investigated and compared some chemical properties of Korean natural honeys and sugar-fed honeys for their quality characteristics. The natural honey samples were monofloral from chestnut and acacia flowers, and the sugar-fed honey samples were collected from honeybees feeding on sugar cane and sugar beet. The chemical properties of the honey samples, such as moisture, total protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins, and free amino acids were determined. The moisture content was $18.5{\pm}0.9%$ in natural acacia honey, $17.2{\pm}0.9%$ in natural chestnut honey, $19.6{\pm}0.9%$ in sugar cane-fed honey, and $24.8{\pm}%$ in sugar beet-fed honey. The total protein and ash contents were the highest in natural chestnut honey. Maltose and sucrose were not detected in natural honeys but were detected at 2~7% in sugar-fed honeys. The vitamin, mineral, and free amino acids contents of natural honeys were higher than sugar-fed honeys. The natural chestnut honey is the highest in honeys. These results confirmed that the quality of natural honey was better than that of sugar-fed honey. Also, the vitamin, mineral, and free amino acids contents are potential characteristics for distinguishing between natural and sugar-fed honeys.

Candidate Genes Related to Sugar Content in Sweetpotato using GWAS

  • Tae Hwa Kim;Mi Nam Chung;Hyeong Un Lee;Won Park;Sang Sik Nam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2022.10a
    • /
    • pp.192-192
    • /
    • 2022
  • Sweetpotato is rich in starch, which is converted to sugar during storage due to enzymatic hydrolysis. The sugar content of sweetpotato is a component related to taste and storability. In this study, the sugar content (fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose and total sugar content) of 94 genotypes was evaluated and the GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) was conducted to search for candidate genes for sugar content. The fructose and glucose content were 0.2 ~ 8.8 and 0.2 ~ 9.4 g/100g, respectively. The maltose, sucrose and total sugar content were 0.2 ~ 9.1,3.2 - 30.0 and 7.9 ~ 40.2 g/100g, respectively. The fructose and glucose showed a positive correlation (0.98). The 94 genotypes were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and aligned against the reference genome sequences of sweetpotato. The GBS libraries from 94 genotypes were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeqXten system, and 1,339,892 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) were generated. Filtering for < 60% missing rate and > 0.05 minor allele frequency resulted in a total of 44,255 SNPs used in GWAS. The GAPIT (Genome Association and Prediction Integrated Tool) was used to conduct based on the mean of sugar content with a Bonferroni-corrected chromosome-wide significance threshold with a -logio(P) of 5.95. The significant SNPs were obtained with fructose (seven), glucose (six), maltose (four) and sucrose (nine). There were several genes related to sugar content around the significant SNPs such as sugar transport protein 8-like, probable galactose-1 -phosphate uridyltransferase-like and beta-amylase. These results will contribute to understanding of sugar content and conversion in sweetpotato.

  • PDF

Uncertainty of Total Alkaloids and Reducing Sugar Determination in Flue-cured Tobacco (황색종 담배중 전알카로이드와 환원당 분석에 대한 불확도 측정)

  • 백순옥;장기철;이운철;한상빈
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.45-52
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar content in flue-cured tobacco. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar were the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the addition of extracting solution into the sample, the preparation of standard solution, the precision of calibration curve for standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. For the calculating uncertainties, Type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and Type B by the information based on supplier’s catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty was caused by the calibration curve of standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, the volume measurement of 1$m\ell$, and the purity of nicotine reference material in the preparation of standard solution. The uncertainty in the addition of extracting solution, the sample weighing, the volume measurement of 100$m\ell$, and the determination of water content of tobacco contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty of total alkaloids and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco at 95% level of confidence was $\pm$0.12% and $\pm$0.54%, respectively.

  • PDF

Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Flue-cured Leaf Tobacco during $2000{\sim}2004$ Crop Years at Various Growing Areas (생산 연도 및 지역별 황색종 잎담배의 이화학성 평가)

  • Kim Sang-Beom;Jeong Kee-Taeg;Cho Soo-Heon;Bock Jin-Young;Lee Joung-Ryoul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.28 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-8
    • /
    • 2006
  • To get the information of flue-cured leaf, the chemical constituents, quality indices, leaf color and the effects of climatic factors on the physicochemical properties of leaf produced from 2000 to 2004 crop years at 6 growing areas were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents for 5 years were as follows ; nicotine 2.22%, total sugar 28.0%, total nitrogen 1.89%, ether extracts 6.37% and chlorine 0.38%. The nicotine and total nitrogen contents were low while the total sugar were high as compared with KT&G recommended contents(nicotine ; $2.5{\sim}3.0%$, total nitrogen; $2.0{\sim}2.5%$, total sugar ; below 25.0%). The variations of physicochemical properties among crop years were high while those of growing areas relatively low. The nicotine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the rainfalls in June and July sugar content was negatively correlated to the average air temperature in June and July according to crop years. The orange colored leaves were produced under the drought and long sunshine weather condition while the lemon colored leaves were produced under the contrary condition according to crop years. Blending the different crop year's leaves in the proper way may be beneficial to produce of uniform and consistent cigarettes. It is considered that the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer or improving of nitrogen uptake may be available to increase the nicotine and nitrogen and decrease the total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf tobacco.

Changes in Flavor Component of Omija, Shizandra Chinensis Baillon, with Various Extraction times (오미자의 용출시간에 따른 풍미성분 변화에 관한 연구)

  • 김유미;김동희;염초애
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.27-34
    • /
    • 1991
  • This study attempted to set up reasonable extraction time of Omija that was put in water for the various components to soak out. Changes of free sugars, organic acids, reducing sugar, total acid and tannin in Omija with various extraction times were investigated (together with the analysis of each components in Omija fruit). 1. High Performance Liquid Chromatography showed fructose, glucose, and sucrose to be the major free sugars of the Omija fruit. Free sugars and reducing sugar value in Omija beverage increased gradually in according with the extraction time, and marked 75.6% per total free sugars and 82.1% per total reducing sugar at 12 hours. 2. Gas Chromatography showed lactic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, levulinic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid and pyroglutamic acid to be the major organic acids of the Omija fruit. Organic acids and total acids value in Omija beverage increased gradually on proportion to extraction time, and marked 97.0% per total organic acids at 9 hours and 79.0% per total acids at 12 hours. 3. Tannin content in Omija beverage was increased when extraction time was longer but it showed a low percentage as compared with the reducing sugar and total acid. Tannin content marked 48.8% per total tannin at 12 hours. 4. Sensory evaluation revealed that !1 hours of extraction produced the best quality products based in taste, flavor, color and over-all acceptability, considering the data, it seems possible to conclude that the optimum of time for extraction of Omija to water is 9 hours.

  • PDF

INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN EACH TOBACOO GROWING DISTRICTS AND YEAR (지역별, 년도별 잎담배의 화학적 특성조사)

  • 민영근;이경구;이완남;이상하
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.57-65
    • /
    • 1985
  • This study was conducted to obtain the information for the difference of chemical characteristics in each tobacco growing districts and year. The results obtained were as follows 1. Difference of chemical characteristics in 6 districts: In case of flue-cured tobacco leaves, the produced leaf tobacco from Cheong Ju and Dae Jeon districts showed middle level in nicotine and total sugar contents, on the other hand, low nicotine and high sugar contents tobacco leaves were produced in An Dong and Jin Ju districts and high nicotine and low sugar contents of tobacco leaves in Su Won and Chun Cheon , respectively. In Burley tobacco leaves, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of Chun Cheon districts product's were lower than those of Dae Jeon , Jeon Ju and Kwang Ju district's one. 2. Comparison of each tobacco produced year : The nicotine contents of five-cured and Burley tobacco leaves were the highest in 1981 and 1979, respectively. Also, as time goes to recent year, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were decreased and total sugar contents somewhat was increased .

  • PDF

Isolation of a Seaweed Hydrolytic Strain from the Microflora in Water of a Paddy Field (논물의 미생물군으로부터 해조분해능을 갖는 균주의 분리)

  • 김해섭;최옥수;강동수;박욱민;백승한;배태진
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.98-103
    • /
    • 2004
  • Various bacterial strains were isolated from water in a paddy field, and their seaweed degrading activities were investigated. As the result, 16 strains were obtained from the microflora sample. They were incubated in a liquid medium of sea tangle powder for 3 weeks. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar of the liquid medium were measured once a week during the incubation period. Ratio of reduced sugar to total sugar of 30A412 strain was highest. Accordingly, 30A412 strain was incubated in three different liquid media of sodium alginate, sea tangle powder, and sea mustard powder for 3 or 4 weeks. The ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar and cell growth were measured once a week during the incubation period. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar and cell growth were increased with the incubation period. Cell growth and degrading ratio were highest in the liquid medium with sea mustard powder.

Isolation of Seaweed Hydrolytic Strains from Microfloras in Rice field Ditch Water (논두렁 물의 미생물군으로부터 해조분해능을 갖는 균주의 분리)

  • KIM Hae-Sub;CHOI Ok-Soo;KANHG Dong-Soo;PARK Uk-Min;BAEK Seung-Han;BAE Tae-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.36 no.6
    • /
    • pp.563-567
    • /
    • 2003
  • Various bacterial strains were isolated from rice field ditch water, and their seaweed degrading activities were investigated. They were incubated in a liquid medium of sea tangle (Laminaria iaponica) and sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) powder for 3 weeks. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar of the liquid medium were measured once a week. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar of 27A311, 27C221 27A111 and 27B121 strains were highest. Accordingly, these four strains were incubated in 3 different liquid media of sodium alginate, sea tangle powder, and sea mustard powder for 3 or 4 weeks. The ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar and cell growth were measured once a week. Cell growth was higher in 27A111 and 27C221. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar was higher for 27C221 in the liquid mediums with sodium alginate and sea mustard powder, and for 27A111 in the liquid medium with sea tangle powder.

STUDIES ON THE GENETIC ANALYSIS AMONG BURLEY, FLUE-CURED AND SUN-CURED TYPE TOBACCO. III. GENETIC COMPONENTS IN $F_1$ GENERATION. (버어리종, 황색종, 양건종, 담배의 유전분석에 관한 연구 III. $F_1$의 유전분석)

  • 한철수;김용암;정기택;이종두;권구홍
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.45-55
    • /
    • 1987
  • For some basic information in tobacco breeding, the modes of inheritance and heritabilities for the twelve agronomic and chemical characters were estimated in the study of eight varieties partial diallel set. Additive gene actions were significant for all characters except total nitrogen content and dominance gene effects were also significant for all characters. Yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf shape index were inherited as partial dominance, and overdominance was detected for plant height, stem diameter, internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content. Dominant gene showed increasing effects in yield, plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf width and total sugar content, but showed decreasing effects in the other characters. The broad heritability was very high for all characters. and the narrow heritability was high in days to flower and yield, but low in internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content.

  • PDF