• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.511-514
• /
• 2003

Previously, we reported that a diet including sesame meal (SM) increased plasma total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations in goats. In the present study, the components in the sesame meal that can increase plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations have been examined. In experiment 1, we gave goats defatted sesame meal diet (DSM) to investigate the influence of ether extract fraction remained in sesame meal. Corn gluten meal diet (CGM) was also fed to goats as a high-protein diet to examine the influence of high dietary protein level caused by usage of sesame meal. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of goats fed DSM and CGM did not change during experimental periods though they were elevated by feeding SM. In experiment 2, the influence of sesame oil and corn oil added in diets on plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in goats was investigated. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by feeding both corn oil diet and sesame oil diet. In conclusion, the increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration by feeding sesame meal was resulted by the effect of ether extract fraction including sesame oil or some lipid-soluble components remained in sesame meal.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.392-399
• /
• 2017

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary proteins as fraction-enriched protein, defined by Cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS), on in vivo ruminal fermentation pattern and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) containing 17.2% crude protein. Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consumed TMR only (control) and TMR with rapeseed meal (AB1), soybean meal (B2), and perilla meal (B3C). Each protein was substituted for 23.0% of crude protein in TMR. Rumen digesta were taken through ruminal cannula at 1 h interval during the feeding cycle in order to analyze ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Plasma metabolites in blood taken via the jugular vein after the rumen digesta sampling were analyzed. Feeding perilla meal significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean ruminal pH compared with control and the other protein feeding groups. Compared with control, feeding protein significantly (p < 0.05) increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration except for AB1. Statistically (p > 0.05) similar total VFA appeared among control and the supplemented groups. However, control, AB1, and B2 showed higher (p < 0.05) acetate concentrations than B3C, and propionate was vice versa. CNCPS fractionated protein significantly (p < 0.05) affected concentrations of albumin and total protein in blood; i.e. plasma albumin was lower for control and B2 groups than AB1 and B3C groups. Despite lack of significances (p > 0.05) in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, AB1 and B2 groups were numerically higher than the others.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 1965

It is well known that many kinds of chemical or metalic agent which were ionized or undissociated at toxified external medium and remarkable effect occurred to the fresh water fish. The effects of hydrogen ion concentration on serum protein of fresh water fish, (phycephalus argus CANTOR) had not been reported yet. In this point, authors attempted to study the changes of A/G ratio, total protein, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC , liver and kidney weight of snake head in the above environment. 95 snake heads were subjected to external medium with PH-4.5 and A/G ratio, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, RBC, and liver & kidney weight were measured at 32.80, 15202000 and 272 hours respectively. In whole experimental period, L 1 and L2 globulin increased, on the other, albumin decreased as compare with control . Hence, the A/G ratio decreased remarkably . Though, total protein increased prominently through the whole experimental period, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC, increased only at 80 hours, and then decreased as compared to the control. Liver weight revealed distinctive increase at 80 hours, but no remarkable change could be seen there after. Hence, kidney weight revealed continuous rise. By these results, it may be said that as snake head were subjected to external medium with PH-4.5, this environmental factor influenced protein metabolism , blood component and organs.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2023

Juveniles of the white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Weight 0.18±0.08 g) were exposed to nitrite-N at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L for 72 hours, and the lethal concentration, heamolymph and genes regulation were evaluated. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of L. vannamei exposed to nitrite-N was 141.2 mg/L at 25℃ and 33 psu. In Total protein, total cholesterol, and BUN in heamolymph temporarily increased after the start of the experiment and then stabilized, but glucose, an indicator of stress, decreased over time in the entire experimental group, and creatines, an indicator of tissue damage, decreased with nitrite concentration until the first 12 hours. The genes of immune-related showed that masquerade-like serine proteinase(Mas) increased at 50 and 400 ppm for 24 hours, and then gradually decreased depending on concentration. In the case of prophenoloxidase, it was highest at 400 ppm for 40 hours, and other genes(Ras-related nuclear protein, Masquerade-like serine proteinase, proPO-activating enzyme) showed a response for 48 hours and then gradually decreased. The results of this study indicate that exposure to nitrite can affect the survival and hematological physiology of L. vannamei.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.296-300
• /
• 1998

The analysis of biochemical changes in tobacco plant as increase of NaCl concentraion was conducted. Total protein content and soluble protein content were decreased as NaCl concentration was increased, in that steady decreased until 120mM NaCl and largely decreased at 150mM NaCl. The expression of 74Kd subunit was increased until 60mM NaCl. However, the amount of 74Kd protein was decreased from 90mM NaCl. There was no difference for expression of other protein subunits. Chlorophyll a content was significantly decrease as NaCl concentration was increased, but chlorophyll b content was not much decreased. The slow increase up to 120mM NaCl and large increase at 150mM NaCl for ATPase and peroxidase activities indicated that 120mM NaCl could be a limiting concentration for salt injury.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.1159-1163
• /
• 2006

This experiment was performed to examine the influences of high ambient temperature on milk production, nutrient digestibility, energy and protein sufficiency ratio, and plasma metabolites concentration in lactating cows. In a $2{\times}2$ crossover design, four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were maintained in a chamber under treatment of constant moderate ($18^{\circ}C$) ambient temperature (MT) or high ($28^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures (HT). The DMI and milk protein yield were significantly lower in HT (p<0.05). The milk yield, milk lactose yield, and milk SNF yield tended to be lower in HT (p<0.10). No statistical differences for 4% fat-corrected milk and milk fat yield were observed. Rectal temperatures were significantly higher in HT than MT (p<0.05). The apparent DM, OM, ether extract, CF, and ash digestibility did not differ between treatments. On the other hand, the apparent CP digestibility was increased significantly (p<0.05) and nitrogen free extract tended to increase (p<0.10) in HT. The sufficiency ratio of ME and DCP intake for each requirement tended to be lower in HT than in MT (p<0.10). Concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin, and urea nitrogen in plasma did not differ between treatments. Plasma 3-methylhistidine (3MH) concentration as a marker of myofibrillar protein degradation tended to be higher in HT (p<0.15). In conclusion, high ambient temperature was associated with a lower energy and protein sufficiency ratio, and decreased milk protein production, even though the body protein mobilization tended to be higher.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2003

The effects of sugar on secretion of total protein and protease into the medium were investigated in transgenic tobacco cells. The dry cell weight reached 14.62 g/L. At 60 g/L sugar and 10day, the maximum concentration tested. the total protein, protease was present in the culture medium at 68.6 mg/L, 3645 U/L.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.573-581
• /
• 1999

The study was carried out to determine the toxicity of cyanide on the hemochemical changes of Israel carp, Cyprinus carpio reared under a continuous-flow system for 5 weeks, The carps exposed to cyanide concentation oyer 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$ started to decrease significantly in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value at week 4. However a significant elevation of MCH and MCV was noticed a week later, at week 5 at cyanide concentration 289 $\mu$g/$\ell$. The low concentration of serum calcium was observed at the last week of the experiment in cyanide concentration 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$, while serum magnesium concentration initiated to increase from the 4th week at the cyanide concentration 289 $\mu$g/$\ell$. Serum -total protein, albumin and glucose concentrations decreased significantly after 4th week at the concentration over 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$. A significant increment of GOT, GPT and LDH activities in the carp serum was noticed after 3rd week at cyanide concentrations over 151$\mu$g/$\ell$ without typical changes of Al-P and amylase, These results indicate that carps can be affected by cyanide in terms of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value in blood, calcium and magnesium concentration, GOT, GPT and LDH activities in serum when they were exposed to the cyanide concentrations 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$ or higher.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.498-504
• /
• 2004

Removal of waste generated by Paralichthys olivaceus in the seawater aquarium using a foam separator was investigated. Protein concentration without a foam separator continuously increased until 3 days after stocking and reached at 25 mg/L after 5 days stocking, but protein concentration became lower than the initial protein concentration (2.5 mg/L) with a foam separator. The trends of other fish wastes such as ammonia, total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were similar to protein. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the aquarium decreased below 6.0 mg/L without a foam separator, but with a foam separator the average DO in the aquarium was 7.3 mg/L. Foam separation with the increase of superficial air velocity (SAV) was more effective than that with the fixed SAV. This study showed that wastewater. treatment of seawater aquarium using a foam separator is effective method for a fish waste removal and oxygen supply.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2000

An improved method of refolding recombinant human proinsulin from E. coli was presented. It was based on a two-stage stirred tank reactor in which denatured proinsulin-s-sulfonate was mixed instantaneously with a reaction buffer in the first stage reactor, and then fed to the second stage reactor. The mixture was stirred further for a total of 30h in the second stage reactor. In this system, unfavorable effects present due to the increase in reaction volume and protein concentration for protein refolding, which becomes significant in a large-scale operation, were avoided. Refolding yields of over 80% was obtained for achieving reaction volume of upto 50 l at protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. The optimum urea concentration was 1M. Refolding yield at the 1-1 reaction volume and protein concentration of 0.5mg/ml was increased about 2.5-fold, compared to that in a batch reactor. By increasing protein concentration in a two-stage refolding reaction, the cost for insulin production could be reduced, therefore, making this process economical.