• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2004

The effects of liquid culture of Coriolus versicolor on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations, serum protein levels and serum enzyme activities, were studied in growing male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of 5 weeks, respectively: a normal diet group (7% corn oil), a high fat diet group (7% corn oil＋15% lard), a 20% or 30% C. versicolor diet groups (high fat diet＋20% or 30% C. versicolor in water) according to the levels of C. versicolor supplementation. The body weight gains of the rats fed the 30% C. versicolor diets were lower than those in the rats fed high fat diet. The epididymal fat pad weight of the rats fed high fat diet and 20% or 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly higher than that of the rats fed normal diet. The concentrations of triglyceride in the serum and the liver of the rats fed the 30% C. versicolor diets were more significantly decreased compared to rats on the high fat diet. The concentrations of total cholesterol in the serum and the liver of rats fed the high fat diet, 20% and 30% C. versicolor diets were similar to those of rats fed the normal diet. The HDL-cholesterol concentration and the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio of the rats fed 20% and 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly lower than those of the rats fed high fat diet. But the antherogenic index of the rats fed 20% or 30% C. versicolor diets were significantly higher than those of the rats fed high fat diet. There were no differences in the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the experimental groups. These results showed that the 30% C. versicolor diet feeding decreased the triglyceride in serum and liver of the rats.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to screen desirable yeast strains for alcoholic fermentation of tomato paste without sugar addition. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and soluble nitrogen contents of the tomato paste ($25^{\circ}Brix$) were found to be 67.33%, 1.90%, 0.03%, 0.02%, and 30.72%, respectively. Free sugars found in the paste were fructose and glucose. Most abundant free amino acids of the paste were glutamic, aspartic, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acids. Total seven yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae KDH (TWA), S. cerevisiae Lalvin ICVD-47 (TWB), S. cerevisiae Lalvin RC-212 (TWC), S. cerevisiae Lalvin K1-V1116 (TWD), S. bayanus Lalvin EC-1118 (TWE), S. cerevisiae Enoferm (TWF), and S. cerevisiae DJ97(KCTC8842P) (TWG)) were tasted for alcohol fermentation of the tomato paste. The highest alcohol content (8.2%) and the lowest residual sugar content ($13.25^{\circ}Brix$) were observed in the tomato paste fermented using the S. cerevisiae Lalvin ICVD-47 strain (TWB) after 3 day and 4 day of fermentation, respectively. Sugar and reducing sugar contents, and pH of the tomato paste were not remarkably affected by the difference in yeast strains used, showing $13.25{\sim}13.45^{\circ}Brix$, 28.37~28.48 mg/mL, and 4.43~4.54, respectively, after 4 day of fermentation. Color and total acid content were significantly affected by the types of yeast strains and fermentation time, but the numerical changes were negligible. These results indicate that TWB would be the suitable strain for alcoholic fermentatiom of tomato paste based on its highest alcohol production and the lowest residual sugar content produced during fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.340-347
• /
• 2001

Seasonal variation of the elemental and biochemical composition of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) was investigated in terms of quantity and quality of diets for suspension feeders from July 1999 to August 2000 in two coastal bay systems of Gosung and Kangjin Bays in Korea. No clear patterns in the seasonal variations of SPM concentration were found in these two bay systems. The results indicated that the seasonal variation of SPM could not be considered the variation of food available to suspension-feeders. The simultaneous peaks in chlorophyll a and biochemical components in summer indicated that the quantity of the particulate organic matter primarily depended on phytoplankton productivity. However, no correlation between chlorophyll a and biochemical components [particulate protein (PPr), carbohydrate (PCHO) and lipid] were found, indicating that other processes might also contribute to the particulate organic matter in the period when the phytoplankton biomass was low. High C: Chl a and C:N, and carbohydrate peaks during the autumn to spring period suggested that resuspension of surface sediments was a probable process to supply the particulate organic matter. The food material, represented by summing up the total quantity of three biochemical components, was highest in spring with minor peaks during the period from autumn to the next spring, The food index, calculated as the ratio of food material to total SPM, did not generally exceed $6\%$ with short peaks during the year. Therefore, nutritional quality of SPM in the bays are relatively poor than in other more productive coastal waters in the world. Our results confirm that the measurement of a single chemical variable cannot describe fully the nutritive value of the seston available to suspension-feeders as previously proposed, and the biochemical composition of SPM can provide effective information on its origin and nutritive Quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.487-491
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection can cause wheezing in non-asthmatic children, the mechanisms of this symptom remain unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, and is also known to be elevated in cases of chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma. We hypothesized that VEGF may increase in children with acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia and wheezing. Methods : Nine patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia were enlisted from children admitted to Korea University Hospital. They had had more than one episode of wheezing during the illness, which was confirmed by a physician; they comprised the wheezer group. The individuals with M. pneumoniae pneumonia without wheezing were 63 in number, and they comprised the non-wheezer group. Patients with a history of asthma or who had received asthma medications were excluded. Serum concentrations of VEGF, total IgE, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were measured. Results : The serum VEGF concentrations were higher in the wheezer group ($mean{\pm}SD$; $650.2{\pm}417.9pg/mL$) than in the non-wheezer group ($376.5{\pm}356.2pg/mL$, P=0.049). M. pneumoniae antibody (1:1,380 vs. 1:596, P=0.048) and serum total IgE (591.8 IU/mL vs. 162.2 IU/mL, P=0.032) were higher in the wheezer group than in the non-wheezer group. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of serum ECP concentration or blood eosinophil count. Conclusion : In the presence of wheezing, serum VEGF concentrations were higher in the children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. This finding suggests that VEGF may associate with wheeze-related symptoms in children with acute M. pneumoniae pneumonia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2004

The physicochemical and physiological activities of domestic garlic from 3 different areas (Namhae, Jeju and Uiseong) were analyzed. The contents of moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fiber in garlic were little different in 3 kinds of area. Total sugar and water soluble phenolic compounds were higher in garlic from Namhae. The free sugars found in garlic were fructose, sucrose and lactose. Five kinds of organic acids were determined. Malonic acid and citric acid contents in garlic from Namhae were 23.7${\pm}$1.16 mg% and 22.1${\pm}$0.82 mg%, respectively. Total mineral content of garlic samples were in a range of 7112.6～9067.3 mg%, the potassium content showed the highest concentration (4117.3${\pm}$7.19～5175.3${\pm}$9.61 mg%). The electron donating abilities in 0.2% of garlic from Namhae and Uiseong showed 46.2${\pm}$1.25% and 37.0${\pm}$1.l6%, respectively. The nitrite scavenging effect was measured at different conditions (pH 1.2 and 4.2). The nitrite scavenging effects were higher at pH 1.2, and reached more than 95% by adding 0.2% and 0.1 % of garlic juice at pH 1.2. Addition 0.02～0.001 % garlic juice in showed the SOD-like activities. Its activity of garlic from Namhae. was a range of 6.0${\pm}$0.37～14.4～0.69%. It was found that 0.2% and 0.1% garlic showed strong antimicrobial action against growth of all the tested bacteria. Antimicrobial action. was showed 74.7${\pm}$0.70% and 51.7${\pm}$1.l1% on Sal. typhimurium in 0.2% of garlic from Namhae and Uiseong and 28.6${\pm}$0.90% on B. subtilis in garlic from Jeju.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 2013

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding herbaceous peat on growth performance and meat quality of Holstein beef cattle. Total of 20 Holstein beef cattle (18~20 month of age, $657{\pm}31kg$ body weight) were conventionally and separately fed a concentrate diet and rice straw for 134 days. The dietary treatments were randomly assigned by complete block design into four treatments, each of which were five heads in early fattening stage. The treatments in this study were the control group fed basal diet, feeding herbaceous peat group (5%/diet, T1), feeding coated vitamin C group (20g/head, T2) and feeding mixture of herbaceous peat and coated vitamin C group (5%/diet+20g/head, T3). The initial body weights between the groups of control, T1, T2 and T3 were similar showing with $689{\pm}31$, $661{\pm}24$, $659{\pm}32$ and $622{\pm}19kg$. The daily body weight gain was higher in T3 by 8.3% than that in the control (p<0.05). Glucose concentration in control group was the highest among treatments (p<0.05), but there was no significant differences between treatments on AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), BUN and total protein concentrations of blood. The fat content of sirloin in the T2 was significantly higher than control and T1 group (p<0.05). Meat color (CIE) values in T2 was the highest among treatments (p<0.05), and other treatments also increased those values. In overall, the feeding herbaceous peat and vitamin C to the Holstein beef cattle was considered to have positive effects on the growth performance of Holstein beef cattle. In addition, the effects on the performances of animals were more improved when fed herbaceous peat and vitamin C concurrently.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 1982

The relationship between water and electrolyte metabolism, and dietary intake were studied in 45 healthy Buddhist nuns who were vegetarians aged 20-34, and 28 nursing students aged 20-22 who stayed at the dormitory of Kyungpook Medical School in the Fall, 1981. The Buddhist nuns obtained significantly higher carbohydrate and total caloric intakes but significantly lower protein and lipid intakes than the female students. The Buddhist nuns excreted significantly higher urine output($1,697{\pm}68\;ml/day$, p<0. 05) and lower osmolality ($616{\pm}18\;mOsm/kg\;H_2O$, p<0.05) than the students ($1,505{\pm}67\;ml/day$ and $688{\pm}36\;mOsm/kg\;H_2O$). However, both groups excreted similar amounts of urinary $Na^+$, $K^+$ and total osmolar contents. Free water clearance of the Buddhist nuns was higher(p<0.05) than that of the students but the osmolar clearance was about the same in the two groups. Daily urine output showed good correlation with Na output (r=0.76) and osmolar clearance but not with free water clearance. Both groups showed similar values of plasma concentration of creatinine, daily excretion of creatinine and clearance. Urinary excretion of urea for Buddhist nuns was 6.4 g/day, and was significantly higher than that of the students (5.1g/day).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2012

This study was investigated to develop an alternative medium for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. The cultivation characteristics for major cultivated varieties of oyster mushrooms were campared with the food waste medium. In addition, water control & a gap formation of food waste is being pointed out as a problem of the medium material. Therefore, certain amounts of earthworm casting were supplied to the food waste medium to overcome the water and compaction phenomenon. This study investigated the use of the total 6 cultivars of oyster mushrooms, the Suhan(PL.1), Chiak No. 5(PL.2), Chiak No. 7(PL.3), Samgu No. 5(PL.4), Samgu No. 8(PL.5), Jangan No. 5(PL.6). In terms of medium, the optimum growth of the mycelium of the oyster mushroom was observed in the beet pulp medium but in food waste, the mycelium's growth was observed as insufficient in the bulk of cultivars. The Jangan No. 5(PL.6) was superior to other cultivars relative to the mycelium's growth. The optimum concentration of earthworm casting added the foodwaste medium was 30%. When Jangan No. 5(PL.6) was incubated in the foodwaste meidum containing 30% earthworm casting, the early days to germination were long, almost double the amount of time than that of the beet pulp medium. However, it was found that the fruit body size was larger than that of the beet pulp by up to 20.5%, and the length of the fruit body was up to 6.2% longer than that of the beet plup. The total yields increased by 60.5%. The analysis results of the oyster mushroom's nutritional contents cultured using the food waste medium, shows that the protein, vitamin A and vitamin E increased 70.6%, 2.4%, 0.8% respectively, the fat decreased by 12.6% and the oleic acid increased in a very small amount compared to that of the beet pulp medium.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.244-253
• /
• 2012

The effect of fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark (FRVSB) extract on the microbial count, enzyme activity, concentrations of free amino acids and organic acids, and physiochemical properties of doenjang (soybean paste) was evaluated during brine fermentation. The FRVSB extract increased the total free amino acid concentration by 1.3-3.1-fold on the $42^{nd}$ day of brine fermentation. After the filtration of brine, the following microbial counts were obtained in the doenjang: bacteria, $0.3{\times}10^8-12.0{\times}10^8$ cfu/g; mold, $3.0{\times}10^4-21.0{\times}10^4$ cfu/g; yeast, $1.0{\times}10^4-2.0{\times}10^4$ cfu/g; Escherichia coli, not detected; and Bacillus cereus, $3.0{\times}10^2-25.0{\times}10^2$ cfu/g. The FRVSB extract addition enhanced the protein and starch degrading activity by 13.8-26.0% and 16.1-35.1%, respectively. The extract increased the total free amino acid content by 1.4-3.0-fold. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and pyroglutamic acid were the predominant organic acids in doenjang. Moreover, the proximate composition, pH, moisture, ash, salt, and amino nitrogen content were increased.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.721-730
• /
• 2005

Effects of levels of Bomboo Vinegar Liquids(BVL) on growth performance, serum profile and meat quality in employing 90 pigs were investigated. Ninety pigs were allocated into 3 groups and fed by dietary levels of BVL 0(control), 2.0 and 4.0% were included in experimental diets of each of the groups. Concentrated diet was supplemented with 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. The results showed that the daily weight gains and the feed conversion increased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0% BVL and the feed intake increased slightly. The glucose and the cholesterol contents at the serum decreased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. On the other hand the total protein concentration and the blood urea nitrogen(BUN) increased significantly(p<0.05) in 4.0% BVL. The carcass weight increased significantly(p<0.05) in 4.0% BVL, and back fat thickness had decreased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. The carcass grade tended to increase in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. The total fat content of loin tended to increase in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL while the cholesterol content decreased significantly(p<0.05). The pH had lower slightly in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL, the lightness and the yellowness of the meat color had higher significantly(p<0.05) while the redness decreased. Shear force values had lower significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL. For the fatty acid composition, the saturated fatty acids decreased significantly(p<0.05) in 2.0 and 4.0% BVL while unsaturated fatty acids(oleic acid and linoleic acid) increased significantly(p<0.05). For the sensory evaluation, 2.0 and 4.0% BVL had a significant(p<0.05) effect of diminishing the odor and improving the appearance. The taste was also significantly(p<0.05) improved. In conclusion the 2.0% BVL had a positive effect on the feeding performance, the carcass grade and the meat quality characteristics therefore 2.0% BVL is the appropriate supplemental levels of BVL for finishing pigs.