• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 1989

In the presence of a photosensitizer, rose bengal, phooxidatlon in serum total lipids has been studied and the effects of ginseng water extract and saponins on it have reviewed. In the presence of rose bengal, serum total lipids undergo photooxidation and produce lipid hydroperoxides. On the other hand, ginseng water extract and dial saponins largely inhibit photooxidation and decrease the amount of lipid hydroperoxides in serum total lipids.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

The present studies were undertaken in attempt to investigate the preventive effect of $\beta$-glucan from barley ad diltiazem on cholesterol and vitamin D2 induced-atherosclerotic rat. The results obtained were summerized as follows. 1.The group, fed only the mixture of cholesterol and vitamin D2, showed significant increase of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total cholesterol, lipid LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid in serum, and total lipid in the liver (p<0.05) as comparing with normal group. The aorta showed severe damage of disorganization, necrosis and lipid deposition in the elastic membrane. 2. The group fed mixture of cholesterol and vitamin D2 plus diltiazem simultaneously, showed significant increase of total cholesterol, total lipid and phospholipid in serum, and total lipid and triglyceride n the liver (p<0.05) as comparing with normal group, but the significant decrease of calcium and inorganic phosphorus in serum(p<0.05) as comparing with the atherogenic control group. The aorta showed slight damage of elastic membrane and lipid deposition as comparing with the atherogenic control group. 3.The group, fed mixture of cholesterol and vitamin D2 puls $\beta$-glucan simultaneously, showed significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol, total lipid, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum, and total lipid in the liver as comparing with the atherogenic control group(p<0.05), but the significant increase of calcium in serum as comparing with the normal group(p<0.05). The aorta showed no changes in elastic fiber and no lipid deposition in comparing with the atherogenic control group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary iron levels on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing 618 $\pm$ 6 g were raised for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35 ppm in diet) and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights. One of groups was sacrificed to obtain initial data and the rest 3 groups were raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing different levels of iron (5 ppm, 35 ppm, and 350 ppm). Total lipid, triglyceride and total chole-sterol concentrations in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma, fecal total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in plasma LDL + VLDL (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein) fractions, blood-clotting time and eicosanoids levels in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions were increased and blood-clotting time tended to be shortened during 3 months of experimental period. Low (5 ppm) iron diet improved lipid metabolism via increasing HDL-cholesterol and fecal choles-terol excretion. High (350 ppm) iron diet decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as compared to medium (35 ppm) iron diet and lowered body weight and epididymal fat pad weight. On the other hand, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions and blood-clotting time were increased with high iron diet. It is plausible that low iron diet improves lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2002

Present communication deals with quantitative determination of total lipid, triglycerides, total free fatty acids, phospholipids and total cholesterol in the fat body tissue of the silkworm adapted to low and high temperatures. At the end of spinning process is characterized by a marked cellular reorganization of the different lipid fraction of the fat body irrespective of thermal acclimation. Accordingly, the per cent composition of triglycerides of the total lipid is increased accompanied by a corresponding decrease in free fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.568-571
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Platycodi radix Saponin(PRS) on the reduction of lipid status in rats fed on high fat diet for 6 weeks after which lipid contents were measured in serum , liver and feces. The results obtained from this study are as follows : That the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly lower in the PRS group as compared with the control group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in the feces were tended to be slightly increase in PRS group compared to the control group, which were not significant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.693-700
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of genistein, a kind of soy isoflavones, on fatty liver and lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups by dietary fat and genistein contents then raised for six weeks. The rats(n=6/group) were fed normal fat diet(NOR), high fat diet (HF), high fat with 0.1% genistein(HF+0.1%G) or high fat with 0.2% genistein(HF+0.2%G). Hepatic total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and Serum GPT, as a marker for fatty liver, were significantly increased by high fat diet. Also, serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentration, hepatic lipogenic enzyme (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme) activities were significantly increased by high fat diet. However, hepatic total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and Serum GPT were significantly decreased by genistein intake. Also, genistein supplementation decreased serum total lipid, triglyceride, glucose and insulin concentration, hepatic lipogenic enzyme (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme) activities. There were no differences by genistein level except for serum insulin. These results suggest that fatty liver induced by high fat diet was caused by increased serum lipid profiles and hepatic lipogenesis, whereas, genistein may be useful in inhibiting of fatty liver by reducing serum lipid profiles and hepatic lipogenesis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate effects of Chiarella vulgaris on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; normal diet group and high fat diet group, then the rats in each group were further divided into three subgroups and fed 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) chlorella-containing diets, respectively, and raised for 9 weeks, Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. Serum total lipids and liver TG concentration were significantly lower in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Serum TG, serum total cholesterol, liver total lipid and liver total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Fecal total lipid, TG and total cholesterol excretions were significantly higher in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella groups in normal diet and high fat diet groups, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that Chlorella vulgaris is effective for prevention of dyslipidemia which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and increased fecal excretion of lipid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effets of chitosan and beef tallow at different level on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Dietary fot level was 20% and 40%, and chitosan was given at levels of 0%, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. Chitosan supplement tended to decrease the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol : total cholesterol ratio tended to increase with 5% chitosan supplementation. LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride tended to decrease with chitosan supplementation. Lipid concentration of liver and epididymal fat pad(EEP) tended to decrease with medium dietary fat and chitosan treatment. fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride exhibited a tendency to increase with high fat levels and chitosan. Length of small intestine and gastrointestinal transit time were not affected by dietary fit levels or chitosan supplements. Therefore, it could be suggested that chitosan supplement had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1112-1120, 1998)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Meristotheca papulosa on lipid concentration of serum and liver in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks. Experimental groups ere divided into normal group (5% corn oil), high fat diet group (5% corn oil+20% lard), high fat diet and 5% or 10% Meristotheca papulosa treated group. The weights of kidney, heart and tests were not significantly different among the group, but weight of liver was significantly decreased by supplement of Meristotheca papulosa (10%). The contents of serum total lipid, trigly-ceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and atherogenic index were decreased, while HDL-cholesterol was increased by Meristotheca papulosa supplementation compared to high fat diet group. Meristotheca papulosa supplement has obvious effects on lowering hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol. Our findings suggest that Meristotheca papulosa supplement can improve lipid metabolism in high fat fed rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 1994

A simple, reproducible , and accurate enzymatic method using a cholesterol assay kit was developed to quantify total cholesterol content in egg yolk. Total egg yolk lipid was extracted with hexane : isopropanol(3 : 2, v/v) mixture. Samples containing various amount of the total lipid(0-3mg) in optically identifical culture tubes were reacted for 10 min in a water bath (37$^{\circ}C$) with the enzyme solution (5ml) from the cholesterol assay kit. Cholesterol content of the reaction mixturesin culture tubes was spectrophotometrically determined by two different ways : (1) using the culture tube as a curvette(designate culture tube method ; CTM) and (2) the quartz cvette containing the reaction mixture transferred from the culture tube (designate standard cvette method, SCM). CTM revealed lower cholesterol content in 0.1-1.0mg lipid sample range that SCM did, but not significant. For more than 2.0mg lipid sample, CTM gave significantly (p<0.01) lower cholesterol content relative to that by SCM, suggesting that SCM give a false positive result from the sample containing more than 2 mg lipid due to the interference of absorbance by lipid dispersed in the reaction solution . Cholesterol content of less than 1.0mg lipid sample by CTM was proportional to the amount of lipid used, but its linear relationship was not seen in more than 2mg lipid sample. Thus, to determine the appropriate lipid amounts (mg) analyzed . A constant level (41$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg) of cholesterol concentration was observed from the sample containing 0.1-1mg lipid. after which the cholesterol level was dropped to less than 41$\mu\textrm{g}$ /mg. Cholesterol concentration in egg yolk samples quantified by CTM was in accordance with that by GC method. These results suggest that CTM is an useful method for the quantification of cholesterol in egg yolk lipid and other lipids as well.