• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1190-1197
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• 2010

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between faecal egg counts and nutritionally-related blood metabolites in Nguni goats of South Africa. Body weights, body condition scores (BCS), FAMACHA scores, faecal and blood samples were collected from 96 Nguni castrates. Faecal samples were analysed using the modified McMaster technique for nematodes and the sedimentation method for trematodes. Blood was analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine. Season had an effect on glucose, globulin, total protein, creatinine, PCV and faecal egg counts (FEC). Globulin, PCV, creatinine and FEC were significantly higher in the wet season compared to the dry season. A quadratic relationship existed between faecal egg count loads and BCS whilst negative linear relationships were observed between faecal egg counts and creatinine, albumin and cholesterol levels of Nguni goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.465-468
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• 1992

Urinary purine derivatives and creatinine excretion was measured in a total of 4 white Alpine sheep. They were given diets 718 to 1060 g/kg dry matter (DM) of roughage. The crude protein content of this diets was on average $93.87{\pm}5.57g$ in kg DM. Purine derivatives-N excretion increased linearly with incremental DM intake and was significantly correlated (n = 16) with amounts of digestible organic matter (DOM) intake: allantoin-N (mg) = 1.205 (${\pm}0.070$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 136.709 (${\pm}37.399$), r = 0.9770, RSD = 22.97; uricacid-N (mg) = 0.131 (${\pm}0.041$) $\times$ DOM (g) + 11.380 (${\pm}21.881$), r = 0.6306, RSD = 13.44; Hypoxanthine-N (mg) = 0.049 (${\pm}0.014$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 28.640 (${\pm}7.708$), r = 0.6544, RSD = 4.73; total purine derivatives-N (mg) = 1.385 (${\pm}0.083$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 90.261 (${\pm}44.552$), r = 0.9706, RSD = 27.47. Microbial protein synthesis per kg DOM was estimated of 113 g. The urinary creatinine-N excretion was on average 9.10 mg/kg live weight (LW) with a standard error of 0.12 mg creatinine-N per kg LW. The excretion of creatinine excreton was not related to feed intake. Daily creatinine excretion (mg/d) was calculated from individual LW measurements and the average creatinine excretion (mg/kg LW). It was possible to predict the daily urinary purine derivatives excretion (r = 0.9720 for allantoin, r = 0.9886 for total purine derivatives) from the ratio of purine derivatives (mg/100 ml) and creatinine (mg/100 ml) in the urine and the daily creatinine excretion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.22-32
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• 2004

Objectives: In order to determine the effect of CPs, experimental studies were performed in hyperlipidemia humans. The contents of serum total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine were measured. Methods: We made a comparative study of total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine during one month off and on for twenty patients with hyperlipidemia who visited Gunpo Oriental Medical Center of Wonkwang University from December 2002 to July 2003. Results: The following result were obtained: 1. The serum TG and total cholesterol of patients who took CPs for one month showed significant (p<0.01) decrease. 2. The serum HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of patients who took CPs for one month showed significantly increase in HDL, and decrease in LDL (p<0.05). 3. The serum AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine of patients who took CPs for one month showed no significant effects. Conclusions: According to the results mentioned above, the effects of CPs on serum triglyceride and total cholesterol of hyperlipidemia patients were significantly confirmed for decreasing effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.882-887
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• 1996

Some taste compounds such as nucleotide and their related compounds, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and total creatinine of sea mussel and baby clam during drying at 40, 50 and 60^{\circ}C$ and storage at low temperature$(4^{\circ}C)$ and room temperature$(20^{\circ}C)$ were investigated. Six kinds of nucleotide and their related compounds such as adenine triphosphate (ATP), adenine diphosphate (ADP), adenine monophosphate (AMP), inosine, adenosine and hypoxanthine were analyzed. The contents od adenosine in raw sample was high in sea mussel and baby clam. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP decreased, while those of inosine and hypoxanthine increased during drying and storage periods. The contents of TMAO, TMA and total creatinine were low in sea mussel and baby clam. TMAO and total creatinine decreased but TMA increased during drying and storage periods. The rate of change was high in room temperature storage and for long storage periods than that of low temperature storage and for short storage periods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to describe the protein nutritional status of female collegians between nonvegetarian diet groups(14) and vegetarian diet groups(19). Daily intake, protein were calculated from food direct measurement. Urea/creatinine, muscle mass, fatique conditions and hematological parameter were calculated. Blood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, BUN contents. The results obtained are summarized as following : 1) On total dietary intake, especially Fe, vitamin C, niacin intake, vegetarian groups were higher than non vegetarian groups. 2) On composition of EAA(essential amino acids), vegetarians were highter than non vegetarian of leucine contents, but were lower lysine and threonine contents. 3) On urea / creatinine excretion, vegetarians were higher than non begetarians. Muscle mass were non signicant, fatique condition, vegetarians were normal state. 4) Non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, uric acid, ammonia but vegetarians were decreased BUN, ammonia after experimental diet intake. 5) In process of time after meal, non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, BUN, but vegetarians were decreased ammonia.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 2004

The mechanisms by which leptospires caused disease are not well understood. A number of putative virulence factors have been suggested, but with few exceptions their role in pathogenesis remains unclear. In these days, many cases of leptospirosis are diagnosed by serological immunoassay. Leptospirosis is characterized by the histopathology of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the electrophoresis fractions of serum protein are not compared. We analyzed total protein, albumin, aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) in sera of patients diagnosed leptospirosis. Total protein and albumin were decreased in 18.5％ and 31.2％ of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, UN and creatinine were increased in 90.4％, 66.9％, 28.0％, 15.9％ and 10.8％ of patients, respectively. We performed cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (EP) on sera of patients increased both of AST and ALT, and of patients increased both of creatinine and UN. In patients increased both of AST and ALT, and in patients increased both of AST and ALT, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 89.1 ％ of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 85.1 ％, 75.2％, 33.6％ and 98.0％ of patients, respectively. In patients increased both of creatinine and UN, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 93.8％ of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 87.5％, 100％, 31.2％ and 93.8％ of patients, respectively. These data indicate that infection of Leptospira causes severe liver damage to most of leptospirosis patients, but doesn't cause renal damage to most of them. The relative rate of serum protein electrophoresis fractions to total protein are not identical with them of typical hepatitis patient.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-113
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• 1980

Organic bases in the dorsal meat of wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were analyzed as a part of the studies on the taste compounds of fresh-water fishes. The male and female meat showed no significant differences in contents of total creatinine, betaine, TMA and TMAO. The most abundant basic compound was total creatinine $(ca.\;400mg\%)$. The amount of betaine was poor $(ca.\;66.5mg\%)$ and TMA and TMAO were trace in content $(below\;1mg\%)$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2006

We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE) and serum protein electrophoretic fractions in sera of rural elderly patients to evaluate the health status in rural elderly patients. We observed that the frequencies of patients showed lower level of total protein, albumin, and both total protein and albumin than them of reference range were 20.3%, 22.8% and 19.0%, respectively. The rates of patients showed higher level of AST, ALT, both of AST and ALT, UN, creatinine and both of UN and creatinine than them of reference range were 33.8%, 40.0%, 30.0%, 17.7%, 15.2% and 7.9%, respectively. Comparison of protein fractions of each patient to reference range showed that 77.2% of patients showed normal in all of patterns. Few of patients showed abnormal pattern in albumin (13.6%), ${\alpha}1-globulin (0.0%),\;{\alpha}_2-g10bulin(1.1%),\;{\beta}-globulin(1.9%)\;and\;{\gamma}-globulin(6.2%)$. These data suggest that many of rural elderly patients may suffer from heart, liver and kidney diseases. The serum protein fractions are not typical criterion to evaluate the disease, but production of proteins in rural elderly patients may be affected by liver disease and kidney disease.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the change of blood constituents during the growth of antlers in Korean spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Samples of blood, obtained from the jugular vein of twenty five deer (3 to 6 year-old males) were taken in 10 days interval from casting to cutting of antler and were analyzed the blood parameters. Total-protein concentration in blood serum showed significantly differences during growth period of velvet antler (p<0.01), and it had similar tendency for total protein and albumin concentration, but albumin concentration was about 40-45% of total protein concentration. Urea and creatinine concentration was tended to inverse proportion, and it was almost 30:1 for ratio of urea and creatinine concentration. The concentration of total protein, creatinine, and uric acid concentration in blood during growth period of velvet antler was similarly increased and decreased but urea concentration was opposed. The concentration of total-bilirubin and direct-bilirubin at casting was higher than those at other period(P<0.05).

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.36-36
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• 1999

From January 1994 to April 1997, there was 15 survivals who was admitted to the department of internal medicine, Wonkwang Oriental Medicine' Hospital in Cheun-ju, after ingestion of paraquat, and treated with Oriental and western medicine therapy. For the patients, I investigated clinical symptoms, gastroduodenoscopy, intake by oral and parenteral route, and output by urine and stool, serum ALP, AST. ALT, Bilirubin, BUN, Creatinine level and urine analysis. On admission day, the LFT level was as follows. The serum mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin was 10.05${\pm}$2.75 KAU, 66.67${\pm}$9.88 IU／L, 43.80${\pm}$7.74 IU／L, 1.89${\pm}$1.22 ㎎／dl and 1.10${\pm}$1.14 ㎎／dl respectively. After that day, administered Gamdutang and checked the mean LFT level regullary. Until the 3rd day, the mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was 11.0l${\pm}$3.16 KAU, 56.47${\pm}$7.19 IU／L, 59.00${\pm}$7.57 IU／L, 2.54${\pm}$1.78 ㎎／dl, 1.64${\pm}$1.59 ㎎／dl respectively. From 4th day to 7th day, the mean ALP; AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was 12.51${\pm}$3.49 KAU, 77.85${\pm}$7.17 IU／L, 58.00${\pm}$9.09 IU／L, 2.54${\pm}$1.97 ㎎／dl, and 1.80${\pm}$1.81 ㎎／dl respectively. From 8th day to 10th day, the mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was 12.43${\pm}$3.14 KAU, 41.13${\pm}$6.49 IU／L, 50.40${\pm}$7.17 IU／L, 1.66${\pm}$1.90 ㎎／dl and 1.14${\pm}$1.50 ㎎／dl respectively. From 11th day to 14th day, the mean ALP, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin level was 12.30${\pm}$3.25 KAU, 31.07${\pm}$3.85 IU／L, 43.33${\pm}$5.49 IU／L, 1.62${\pm}$1.95 ㎎／dl, 1.17${\pm}$1.71 ㎎／dl respectvely. On admission day, the mean RFT level as follows. Serum BUN and Creatinine level was 28.73${\pm}$5.19 ㎎／dl and 1.82${\pm}$1.27 ㎎／dl respectively. After that day, administered Gamdutang and checked the mean RFT level regullary. Until the 3rd day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was 32.12${\pm}$5.65 ㎎／dl and 2.31${\pm}$0.45 ㎎／dl respectively. From 4th day to 7th day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was 31.07${\pm}$5.47 ㎎／dl and 1.92${\pm}$0.79 ㎎／dl respectively. From 7th day to 10th day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was 17.47${\pm}$3.57 ㎎／dl and 1.33${\pm}$0.59 ㎎／dl respectively. From 11th day to 14th day, the mean BUN and Creatinine level was 11,93${\pm}$3.16 ㎎／dl, 1.27${\pm}$0.38 ㎎／dl respectively.