• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.373-378
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop an electric riding machine for cycle fitting to control riding posture easily, to measure frame size quantitatively, and to overcome disadvantages of the traditional systems. The electric riding machine consisted of actuator, load controller, and display & control unit. The actuator unit by BLDC(BrushLess Direct Current) motor drives the saddle height up and down, the crank forward and backward, the handlebar up and down, and the handlebar forward and backward. The load controller unit controls loads by Eddy current controller with electromagnet and aluminum circular plate. The display & control unit consisted of frame size controller and display panel which shows top tube length(485~663mm), head tube length(85~243mm), seat tube length(481~671mm), and seat tube angle($62.7{\sim}76.4^{\circ}$). The range of frame size control for developed electric riding machine did not have difference compared to traditional commercial systems, but quantitative and precise control with 0.1 mm length and $0.1^{\circ}$ angle was possible through digital measurement. Unlike traditional commercial systems, frame size control was possible during riding through motor driven method, thus fitting duration decreased. It is necessary for further improvement to have feedback from users. It is believed that developed electric riding machine can help to develop domestic fitting system.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

3-Dimensional System in Package (3-D SiP) structure (Amkor calls it mPossum-molded Possum) using double side Surface Mount Technology (SMT) and double side molding was evaluated in order to achieve small/thin form factor as well as good functionality by integration and double side layout. As the new platform on laminate substrate basis, molding process was challenge in mold flow balance at top and bottom side and package warpage control over the overall assembly process. There were two types of different molding process evaluated with 1) 1-step molding which was done at both side at the same time and 2) 2-step molding which was done at the conventional molding process twice. Mold simulation helped to narrow down the material selections and parameters available before actual sample build. There were many challenges for this first trial in design/ parameter and material types but optimized them to enable this structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.535-538
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• 2007

Since 1980s, the government has established the overall country development master plan for balance development of country, it set basic aim of restraint overcrowding of the metropolitan area and devising a regional balance development for development policy. But, new urban development master plan which if propelled has revised development master plan for stabilization of housing cost through supply housing in the metropolitan area, not reviewed discussion suitability of development plan with policy propulsion, efficient pre-plan, negotiation with local self-administration community, convergence opinion of local resident, environmental impact evaluation. therefore, we should suggest considerations related to policy and development when it propelled solution of housing inefficience in the metropolitan area and new urban development policy for harmony of central function in capital.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.99-112
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• 2018

This research focuses on the university-business incubation from the prospective of triple helix and summarizes complementary researches and develop plans for university-business incubation. To pursue these objectives, we analyzed the studies of triple helix on domestic as well as overseas university-business incubators and their collaboration. The findings of this study showed that firstly In order to innovate the business incubator of the university, it is necessary to secure sufficient competence for the capability. For this purpose, Research and policy implications from various perspectives must be preceded.. Second, the collaborative relationship of business incubations should lead to organic and dynamic cooperative relations instead of static cooperative partnerships. Furthermore, based on the internal innovation that runs the business incubation program together with bottom-up rather than top-down approach, it is necessary to plan incubation and lead the transformation through creative ideas. Third, for the dynamic collaboration of business incubation, the management and practice of the organization should be given priority so that the boundary spanning appropriate to each situation, which turn increase the absorption capacity. As a future direction, studies are expected to explore the development of innovative university-business incubation about boundary spanning and knowledge transformation.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-62
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• 2013

In order to facilitate the R&D of SMEs and foster innovative SMEs, the Small and Medium Business Administration is funding the SMEs in the focused supporting industries which are selected by a primary consideration of the political conformity. The correlations among the distribution of engaged SMEs, the distribution of SMEs which applied the fund, and the distribution of SMEs funded in the industries are analysed, in order to realize the effectiveness of the top-down method for selecting the focused supporting industries. As a result, there was a large deviation of both the number of the engaged SMEs and the number of the applied SMEs in the each industry, which means that the selected industries did not accurately reflect the needs for the technology development of SMEs. In addition, the distribution of the applied SMEs was strongly depended on the distribution of the engaged SMEs, which shows the trend that SMEs are trying to make R&D plans in their current industry rather than following the political drive. Moreover, because the distribution of the funded SMEs is strongly correlated with that of the applied SMEs, one could know that the selected industries were neither fostered strategically nor evenly but the fund was distributed simply according to the distribution of the applied SMEs. In this study, in order to complement the limitations of the top-down method, the bottom-up method which primarily consider the needs for the technology development of SMEs was suggested. It is desirable to consider in the order of the needs and the capabilities of SMEs, the technological perspective and marketability of the industry, and the political importance in the bottom-up method, and it is expected that the method could be flexibly used in the planning of the various programs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1471-1485
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a HAM (Heuristic Attention Model) by analyzing the difference between eye movements according to the science achievement of elementary school students on discrimination task. Science achievement was graded by the results of the Korea national achievement test conducted in 2012 for a random sampling of classes. As an assessment tool to check discrimination task, two discrimination measure problems from TSPS (Test of Science Process Skill, developed in 1994) which were suitable for an eye tracking system were adopted. The subjects of this study were 20 students from the sixth grade who agreed to participate in the research. SMI was used to collect EMD (eye movement data). Experiment 3.2 and BeGaze 3.2 programs were used to plan experiments and analyze EMD. As a result, eye movements of participants in discrimination tasks varied greatly in counts and duration of fixation, first fixation duration, and dwell time, according to students' science achievement and difficulty of the problems. By the analysis of EMD, strategies of the students' problem-solving could be found. During problem solving, subjects' eye movements were affected by visual attention; bottom-up attention, top-down attention and convert attention, and aflunter attention. In conclusion, HAM was developed, and it is believed to help in the development of a science learning program for underachievers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2021

Cost information in the Korean construction industry is mainly controlled by the government agencies. However, there have been wild-spread speculations among participants on the adequacy of these unit prices and difference with the actual market condition. Korean public-led unit prices are developed using mainly a top-down approach by a few designated public institutions. Due to the rapid fluctuations in market prices and high-volume of information, it is impossible for a few public institutions to properly consider market conditions. However, there are almost none private cost reference while many are available in other countries to supplement the public cost references. Needs for private cost references have recognized, and this study can be seen as a pilot study to support them. This study attempts to identify the problem areas of Korean cost references and to provide guidance by benchmarking other countries. This study has confirmed the need of developing market-driven cost references by employing a bottom-up approach in which a large number of various construction participants are fostered to provide their own cost information and share with others. It is envisioned that this study provides foundations for further study on the development on-line construction market platform based on abundant and appropriate cost information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.74.2-74
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• 2003

Arabidopsis infected with beet curly top virus (BCTV) has the systemic symptoms like stunting of Plant growth, curling of leaves and shoot tips, and callus induction. The regulation of sucrose metabolism by BCTV infection is essential for obtaining the energy source in the process of virus replication and symptom development. Sucrose metabolism-associated gene expression and biochemical enzyme activity were analyzed with the rossette leaves and inflorescencestems of BCTV infected Arabidopsis by the time course of 1, 7, 14, 21 day postinoculation. The expression of invertase and sucrose synthase genes ( encoding sucrose-cleaving enzymes )was increased and reversely the level of Atkin10a ( sucrose non-fermenting gene ) was decreased, resulting by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The biochemical analysis of invertase and sucrose synthase activity was performed. The activity of neutral invertase in the inflorescence stems was elevated remarkably. The photosynthetic response in the source of sucrose metabolism was consistent with the down-regulation of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase gene, and lower activity than mock-inoculated plants. The levels of genes pertaining to the cell cycle, hormone, and biotic stress-related pathway showed an increase or a decrease dependent on viral symptoms. Therefore, sucrose sensing by BCTV infection can regulate the expression of sucrose metabolism-related key enzymes such as invertase and Atkin10a, and these gene products might influence to symptom development.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.108-122
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• 2016

Prosthetic-driven implant placement is a concept considering the dental implant restoration first based on the final form of that prosthesis to be restored. The latest development of the imaging technology and digital dentistry was able to be obtained the high quality images of CBCT with low radiation exposure and it has also enabled the process to reconstruct the intraoral state in three dimensions due to the development of the intraoral, model and impression scanner. Computer-guided implant placement simulations and template production was able to be more widely used in this context. In this narrative review, the features and the types of implant surgical guides will be introduced. It will also be described the diagnosis and treatment plan using computerguided implant software to reduce the number of visit and to increase the accuracy of the implant surgery through the top-down approach based on the shape and location of the final prosthesis.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2011

Model-based Component development methodologies consider the whole system as an component and develop physical components through recursive decomposition and refinements of components in a top-down manner. We developed a model translator that can be used to formally verify interaction consistency among components, especially the interaction behavior between before- and after- refinements of components. This translator can be used to identify potential problems in the refinement process so that problems can be addressed from the early stage of development. This paper introduces our translation approach and the organization of the translator. The translator has been applied to two case studies to show its usefulness.