• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2021

Background: As the importance of the esthetic function of teeth increases, the use of esthetic restoration materials and whitening treatment are increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change of esthetic restoration materials upon using staining and whitening toothpaste. Methods: Light curing (LC) packable composite resin, LC flowable resin, LC glass ionomer (GI), and self-curing GI specimens were colored in coffee or curry for three hours a day for seven days. After that, regular toothpaste, whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide, and whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal were applied for three minutes three times a day for two weeks. Luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), and chromaticity b (b) were measured using a spectrophotometer once a week. Results: In the coffee-colored group, the change in L^2*a^2*b² (E²) with time was significant (p=0.004), there was no difference for different toothpaste types (p=0.646), and there was significant difference (p<0.001) for different esthetic restorative materials. The change of E² in the curry-colored group was significant only for different esthetic restorative materials (p<0.001). In the coffee-colored group, the L, a, and b values of the light-curing GI showed greater change than other materials after staining and one week after whitening, turning dark, red, and yellow. In the curry-colored group, L did not differ for different materials and times, and a and b showed the greatest difference in light-curing GI after staining and one and two weeks after whitening. Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste for two weeks was not different from the use of general toothpaste in the removal of staining or whitening. Since light-curing GI is the most vulnerable to coloration, it is recommended that coloring by food chromogen should be explained in advance, before using light-curing GI for teeth restoration.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare dental plaque scores obtained through clinical examinations and various imaging techniques, as well as to assess the effectiveness of herbal and conventional toothpastes for plaque removal. Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers were divided into 3 groups. Each group was given a different toothpaste (from 2 herbal toothpastes and a conventional toothpaste) with which to brush their teeth for 21 days. Both initially and after brushing, dental plaque samples were collected, and plaque on the buccal surfaces of anterior teeth was scored using several imaging systems after staining with a disclosing agent. Specifically, digital dental photography, intraoral digital scanning, and FluoreCam imaging were employed to capture intraoral images. The Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index was used for clinical examination and image analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses and correlational assessments between clinical examination and imaging scores were conducted before and after toothpaste use. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson correlations were utilized. Results: The lowest mean value was observed in the clinical examination without staining, while the highest was obtained using the FluoreCam method. No significant change was found in the level of any microorganism assessed following toothpaste use (P<0.05), with the exception of a decrease in S. mutans levels after using conventional toothpaste (P<0.05). Conclusion: Herbal toothpaste demonstrated plaque-removal effectiveness comparable to that of conventional toothpaste. The use of imaging methods for measuring plaque index has been suggested as a means to educate patients about plaque control and promote ongoing oral care.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2012

Through our entire life, oral care products such as toothpaste are used. Thus the safety of oral care products used every day to our mouth is very important. As the previous study in animal tests or clinical trials, surfactant in toothpaste may cause the oral irritation. However, EU cosmetics legislation prohibits animal testing of cosmetics and its ingredient for animal welfare. Therefore the development of alternative in vitro test has been actively performed to replace or reduce using the animal in many areas. However, the way to evaluate oral mucosal toxicity has been done using animal models or clinical trials from now on. Even more, the experiment with human oral 3D tissue or human oral cell line is used recently. The aim of this study is the development of oral mucosal irritation method without using animal for the safety of the oral care product. We developed in vitro test method for oral irritation by using human oral cell line (YD-38 cell) acceptable to toothpaste which contains insoluble material. By the results of this assay, we could discriminate toothpaste with or without irritating substance as same manner in animal studies reported previously. In addition, we confirmed that toothpaste for babies and children toothpaste irritated oral musoca lower than the general adult toothpaste. The present study suggest that this new in vitro method by using human oral cell line (YD-38 cell) could be used for evaluation of oral irritation without using animal.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.264-272
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• 2007

The purpose of study was to improve the oral hygiene methods for early childhood. The author investigated the oral hygiene materials for early childhood and the oral hygiene methods used by 672 caregivers in Iksan city. The oral hygiene materials were oral tissue, finger brush, toothbrush sets according to the growth stages, electric toothbrush, child toothbrush, toothpaste sets according to the growth stages including eatable toothpaste, and child toothpaste, The rate of caregivers who used each materials was 62.5% for oral tissue, 70.9% for finger brush, 55.9% for toothbrush sets, and 87.4% for eatable tooth-paste. 79.0% of caregivers began toothbrushing from first eruption and about 1 year of age. The rate of swallowing toothpaste was 22% before 48 months, 9% from 48 to 59 months, and 3% after 60 months. The rate of children brushed by caregivers was 52% before 48 months, 42% from 48 to 59 months, and 26% after 60 months. The basic method of oral hygiene management for early childhood is to remove the dental plaque by toothbrushing, and the toothpaste may be used. Suffocation, accidental swallowing, and injury to the throat must be avoided. Generally, the fluoride toothpaste is not recommended before 3 years of age. The least amount of fluoride toothpaste should be used and caregivers should supervise children to prevent the swallowing of toothpaste.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.893-899
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• 2013

This study was to determine the efficacy in the remineralization on premary teeth following the application of toothpaste with and without sodium fluoride. All tooth were checked using microhardness tester and the calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) concentration by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis for the 4 weeks. The collected data was analysed using the statistical software program SPSS, 20.0. The applied enamel of premary teeth with 0.243% fluoridated toothpaste resulted in significant differences in the microhardness values (p>0.05). The Ca and P concentrations of applied premary teeth with fluoridated toothpaste were also significant difference in norm wt% (p>0.05). As a results, a increasing the surface microhardness of the premary teeth and providing a remineralizing effect by increased Ca and P concentrations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gargle and toothpaste containing low concentration with sodium fluoride on the remineralization through the surface microhardness and mineral content in enamel. After 4 weeks-application, the enamel surface was measured using microhardness tester and the calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) concentration of mineral content by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis. By combining fluoridated gargle with toothpaste, a remineralized enamel resulted in significantly significant differences among the four groups (p<0.05). The Ca change treated with 0.23% fluoridated toothpaste and 0.02% fluoridated gargle with 0.23% toothpaste demonstrated the highest among the other groups. In conclusion. the fluoridated gargle with toothpaste by low concentration showed a significantly greatest synergistic effect on remineralization of the enamel than the other groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.577-590
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite for patients who complained dental hypersensitivity. Before baseline of application of toothpaste with hydroxyapatite, tooth brushing instruction was done respectively and the several indices were measured at baseline, 2, 4, 8 weeks. Clinical indices were estimated, and responses to cold, compressive air, tactile stimulus were evaluated with verbal rating score. Relief effects and visual analogue scale were also evaluated. The results of this study were as follows 1. The occurrence rate of hypersensitivity in upper jaw was higher than that of lower jaws, and molar area showed more hypersensitivity than premolar and incisor area. Buccal site was hypersensitive followed by interproximal and lingual site. 2. Plaque index, gingival index and probing depth reduction were gradually improved after Tooth Brushing Instruction and using toothpaste. 3. Subjects showed most sensitive response to cold stimuli than compressive air and tactile stimuli. 4. The relief effect was increased during using tooth paste and complete relief was increased especially at 8 weeks. 5. Visual analogue scale was increased. In conclusion, it was confirmed that toothpaste containing microcrystalline hydroxyapatite have the relief effect of tooth hypersensitivity. During 8 weeks, stimulus responses were decreased and hypersensitivity relief effect was increased.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the fluoride release of fluoride-containing restorative materials in fluoride recharging according to the concentration of fluoride toothpaste used in Korea. Samples of glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, alkasite restorative material, and composite resin were prepared and fluoride release was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28. Thereafter, fluoride-free, 500 ppm, and 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste was applied to each restorative materials, and the fluoride release was measured on days 1, 3, 7. Glass ionomer cement showed the highest cumulative fluoride release until the 7th day of measurement, and from the 14th day onwards, the resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed the highest cumulative fluoride release, but there was no significant difference. When restorative material groups were recharged with 500 ppm of fluoride toothpaste, the fluoride release was significantly higher only for the alkasite restorative material compared to the fluoride-free toothpaste group (p < 0.017). When restorative material groups were recharged with 1450 ppm of fluoride toothpaste, the fluoride release was significantly higher in all restorative groups compared to the fluoride-free toothpaste group (p < 0.017).

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.39 no.11 s.390
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• pp.926-935
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• 2001

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1053-1071
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• 2005

To find out the suppressive effect of natural extract Curcuma xanthorrhiza on $IL-1{\beta}$ and MMP-2 derived from periodontal ligament cells through in vitro study and to confirm its effect on plaque and gingivitis through clinical study, Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was used and following results were produced. 1. In vitro study, type IV collagenase MMP-2 production was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza compared to the control group. 2. In vitro study, the production of $IL-l{\beta}$ which is one of the inflammatory mediators associated with periodontitis was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza. 3. On the third week, the plaque index of the groups treated with or without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpastes were both increased significantly compared to the baseline(p<0.05). 4. On the third week, the gingival index of the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was not significantly different from baseline. However, the group treated without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase of gingival index at shielded area(p<0.05). 5. The gingival index of the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase in the sites without tooth brushing when compared to sites with tooth brushing(p<0.05). However. there was no significant difference for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste in sites either with or without tooth brushing. 6. The Bleeding on probing for the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed no significant difference even when tooth brushing was done. However, for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste, bleeding on probing was significantly reduced compared to baseline when tooth brushing was done(p<0.05).