• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2009

Objectives : To address most probable and suitable method for designing clinical trial intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine on hwa-byung. Study Design : A systematic review of research studies of complementary and/or alternative medical(CAM) treatment of depression, and of domestic clinical trials of Traditional Korean Medicine, and of Chinese clinical trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : Randomized, controlled trials(RCTs) of treatment of depression intervening herbal medicine were searched through MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. Also, domestic RCTs intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine were searched through Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal and Korean studies Information Service System(KISS). Studies were evaluated using Iadad scale and self-designed tool for this study. Results : Thirty four RCT studies( 10 from MEDLINE, 16 from CNKI, 8 domestic studies) of herbal medicine met inclusion criteria. Mean Jadad score of studies published in English was 2.8${\pm}$0.79, in Chinese 1.94${\pm}$0.77, and in Korean 2.75${\pm}$0.71. Twenty one percent of studies included pattern differentiation in their inclusion criteria. Twenty nine percent of studies used combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine. Among studies on depression, 9% included Complementary Medical assessing tools. Conclusions : There is shortage of domestic clinical trial involving herbal medicine. In China, studies tend to focus on investigating effect of Combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine on depression. Clinical trial(s) of hwa-byung should provide good internal validity by describing methodology for randomization, double-blinding, and attrition. Also, specific guideline for clinical trial, including Traditional Korean Medical aspects across inclusion criteria, and assessing tools is needed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.443-449
• /
• 2014

To check the characteristics of nuclear fuels during an irradiation test, the nuclear fuel rod needs to be disassembled from the test rig located in the pool of the research reactor. Then, the disassembled fuel rod is delivered to the hot cell for intermediate examination. A fuel rod that passes the intermediate examination is delivered to the reactor pool to be reassembled into the test rig. The irradiation test is resumed with the reassembled test rig. Because nuclear fuel rods irradiated by neutrons are highly radioactive, all the disassembly and reassembly processes should be carried out in the pool of the research reactor to prevent operators being exposed to radiation. In particular, because a test rig is 5.4-m long and the reactor pool of HANARO is 6-m deep, special tools need to be developed for performing the disassembly and reassembly processes. In this study, a new assembly design of nuclear fuel rods for intermediate examination is introduced. Furthermore, tools for treating the irradiated fuel rod assembly are introduced, and their performance is verified by an out pile test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.741-746
• /
• 2000

We have developed a rapid, simple and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using an UV detection system for the determination of new anti-HIV candidates, nineteen KR-V compounds, in rat plasma. We used a analytical columnn of $C_{18}$ ($5{\mu}m$, $250{\times}2.0mm$ I.D.) and a mobile phase of water and ACN mixture (40/60, v/v). Under these conditions, all the KR-V compounds were readily separated from plasma with retention times of 4-12 min. The limits of quantitation for the 19 KR-V compounds were 15-30 ng/ml. The recoveries from the plasma were higher than 85% (C.V.<10%) with exception of KR-V 2, 7 and 15. The compounds KR-V 2, 7 and 15, containing ester moieties, were found to be unstable in plasma. This result suggests that esters, like KR -V 2, 7 and 15, should be excluded from future structure design studies of anti-HIV KR-V agents. In conclusion, the current HPLC method is a valuable analytical tool for investigating the pharmacokinetics of the KR-V series in rats.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.505-530
• /
• 2006

For the district heating and cooling business, it is required to install energy-saving facilities using energy from waste and land fill gases such as combined heat and power(CHP). The current issues that this business faces can be summarized as below: which facilities including CHP can be economically introduced and how much of their capacities should be. Most of such issues are clearly related to the optimal plant design of the district heating and cooling business, and the prices of energy services such as heating and cooling energy, and electricity. The purpose of this study is to establish linear program model of least cost function and to practice the empirical test on a assumed district heating and cooling business area. The model could choose the optimal type of energy-producing facilities among various kinds available such as CHP's, absorption chillers, the ice-storage system, etc. CHP with the flexible heat and power ratio is also in the set of available technologies. And the model show us the optimal ration of heat producing facilities between CHP and historical heat only boiler in the service area. Some implications of this study are summarized as below. Firms may utilize this model as a tool for the analysis of their optimal size of the facilities and operation. Also, the government may refer the results to regulate resonable size of business.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2019

Agricultural risks are exacerbated by a variety of factors ranging from climatevariability and change, frequent natural disasters, uncertainties in yields and prices, weakrural infrastructure, imperfect markets and lack of financial services including limited spanand design of risk mitigation instruments such as credit and insurance. Indian agriculture has little more than half (53%) of its area still rainfed and this makes it highly sensitive to vagaries of climate causing unstable output. Besides adverse climatic factors, there are man-made disasters such as fire, sale of spurious seeds, adulteration of pesticides and fertilizers etc., and all these severely affect farmers through loss in production and farm income, and are beyond the control of farmers. Hence, crop insurance' is considered to be the promising tool to insulate the farmers from risks faced by them and to sustain them in the agri-business. This paper critically evaluates the performance of recent crop insurance scheme viz., Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bhima Yojana (PMFBY) and its comparative performance with earlier agricultural insurance schemes implemented in the country. It is heartening that, the comparative performance of PMFBY with earlier schemes revealed that, the Government has definitely taken a leap forward in covering more number of farmers and bringing more area under crop insurance with the execution of this new scheme and on this front, it deserves the appreciation in fulfilling the objective for bringing more number of farmers under insurance cover. The use of mobile based technology, reduced number of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) and smart CCEs, digitization of land record and linking them to farmers' account for faster assessment/settlement of claims are some of the steps that contributed for effective implementation of this new crop insurance scheme. However, inadequate claim payments, errors in loss/yield assessment, delayed claim payment, no direct linkage between insurance companies and farmers are the major shortcomings of this scheme. This calls for revamping the crop insurance program in India from time to time in tune with the dynamic changes in climatic factors on one hand and to provide a safety-net for farmers to mitigate losses arising from climatic shocks on the other. The future research avenues include: insuring the revenue of the farmer (Price × Yield) as in USA and more and more tenant farmers should be brought under insurance by doling out discounts for group coverage of farmers like in Philippines where 20 per cent discount in premium is given for a group of 5-10 farmers, 30 per cent for a group of 10-20 and 40 per cent for a group of >20 farmers.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 2020

Objectives While sciatic neuropathy is one of the common symptoms which have the lifetime incidence of 13~40%, still there is no consensus about the standardized and the most effective conservative treatment. In addition, the importance of systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical are growing as they could suggest possible effective treatment strategy for future studies. Therefore, we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate analgesic effect of acupuncture on sciatica in rat models. Methods Systematic search was conducted for all controlled comparative preclinical trials which assessed analgesic effect of acupuncture in sciatica rat models. Database of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI and 6 Korean databases were used. The primary outcome was pain, which is evaluated by stimulus behavior tests in rat models. We assessed the methodological quality with Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted according to treatment site, acupuncture point, treatment period and frequency used in electroacupuncture. Results 14 studies were finally included following our inclusion criteria. The data from meta-analysis indicated that the acupuncture significantly improved the result values of behavior tests for pain evaluation, compared to no-treatment control group in animal models (standardized mean difference=4.43, 95% confidence interval 3.16 to 5.69, Z=6.84, p<0.00001; χ²=68.02, p<0.00001; I²=82%). The results of subgroup analysis indicate that acupuncture treatment of unilateral site, distal acupoints, longer treatment period and applying 2/100 Hz frequency in electroacupuncture could be more effective. Conclusions Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies are getting important for the future clinical studies and the improvement of heatlh care. Therefore the results of the study would provide evidence and better design for the forthcoming studies.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.40 no.10
• /
• pp.961-966
• /
• 2003

A Multi-Layer Ceramic (MLC) chip type Band-Pass Filter (BPF) using BiNb$\_$0.975/Sb$\_$0.025/ $O_4$ LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) and MLC processing is presented. The MLC chip BPF has the benefits of low cost and small size. The BPF consists of coupled stripline resonators and coupling capacitors. The BPF is designed to have an attenuation pole at below the passband for a receiver band of IMT-2000 handset. The computer-aided design technology is applied for analysis of the BPF frequency characteristics. The attenuation pole depends on the coupling between resonators and the coupling capacitance. An equivalent circuit and structure of MLC chip BPF are proposed. The frequency characteristics of the manufactured BPF is well acceptable for IMT-2000 application.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.89-103
• /
• 2006

Objectives: Recently, the effect of acupuncture has been approved not only in the East but also in the West, so the interest on acupuncture was greatly improved. Especially, functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was embossed as the study tool for the mechanism of acupuncture noninvasively and many studies on the mechanism of acupuncture using fMRI were carried out. We archived the fMRI study on the brain activity induced by manual acupuncture at BL62(申脈). Methods: The study was the acupuncture at BL62(申脈) and we acquired 9 fMRI results from 6 persons$(age\;20{\sim}30,\;4\;male\;and\;2\;female)$. These studies employed The block design for mapping brain activity and acupuncture was perfomed at BL62(申脈) on the left foot. Results: The brain related motor function was cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex and thalamus connected these elements. In the result of this study, the regions of significant activation in the cerebellum was centered on the spinocerebellum in the anterior lobe, so we presumed that this result showed the input of stimulation by the acupuncture on BL62(申脈). But basal ganglia and cerebral cortex showed the regions of significant activation in the left larger than the right and regions of the cerebral cortex was the motor and sensory cortex. Such a result explained that acupuncture at BL62(申脈) could have influence the motor function and acupuncture at left BL62(申脈) could affect the right side through the activation of the left basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Conclusions: In the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論), it the pathogenic factor invaded in the Yang Heel channel(陽?脈) that was one of the eight Extra meridians(奇經八脈), we recognized the disease of the collateral channel and used contralateral BL62(申脈) for treatment of the Yang Heel channel(陽?脈). Moreover the result of this study could bear the construction that acupuncture at the left BL62(申脈) treats the contralateral lesion and this construction is related to the theory of crossing needling at collaterals(繆刺論).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.645-660
• /
• 1995

The loss of Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) event during reduced inventory operation for the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants (KSNPPS) is simulated by RELAP5/MOD3 and RELAP5/MOD3.1 Tn cases are considered : Base case for an intact Reactor Coolant System (RCS) with no tent and a vent case for an open system. Comparative simulations of base case are peformed by RELAP5/MOD3 and RELAP5/MOD3. 1 computer codes. The results of too simulations are generally in good qualitative and quantitative agreement. However, since the results of RELAP5/MOD3 simulation reveals the deficiency of RELAP5/MOD3 wall heat model, the RELAP5/AOD3.1 computer code is used for the simulation of the vent case. The analysis result of base case show that two steam generators are insufficient to remove decay heat at one day after shutdown, where the RCS is closed. The RCS pressure increased continuously and reached the RCS temporary boundaries design pressure of 0.24 MPa around 4,000 seconds. In the vent case with a flow capacity equivalent to three times the capacity of Pressurizer Safety Valve (PSV), it is shown that the RCS Pressure does not reach 0.24 MPa and core uncovery does not occur until 10,000 seconds. The detailed discussions on the results of this study suggest the feasibility of RELAP5/AOD3.1 as an analysis tool for the simulation of the loss of RHRS event at reduced inventory operation. The results of this study also provide insight for the determination of proper vent capacity.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.71-95
• /
• 2000

Despite repeated exhortation about the importance of social and human dimensions of systems development, socio-organizational issues continue to be neglected and ignored in the current information systems practice. A review of the human information processing literature suggests that the reasons for this continuing lack of attention to social issues may be found in the limitations of human cognition and information processing capacities. Bostrom and Heinen(1978) and Kumar and Bjorn-Anderson(1990) also suggest that the inadequate attention to social problems and issues by the analyst could originate from the analysts limited problem perception. This research explores how the representation forms of information systems(IS) methodology used in understanding and modeling the problem situation affect such systems development problem perception. Typically, a system development methodology prescribes the use of system models(i.e., system representations) to understand, analyze, evaluate, and design the information system. Given the size and complexity of information systems, and the abstraction and simplification underlying the modeling process, system representations usually depict only a limited set of aspects of the system. Thus, a methodology whose representations are limited to technical aspects will tend to limit the analyst's perspective to a technical one only(Kumar & Welke, 1990). Following the same line of argument, in contrast, it is the conjecture of this study that a methodology which specifies both social and technical aspects of IS development will help the analyst develop a more comprehensive view of the IS problem domain. Based on the above concept, a theoretical model was first developed which explained the systems analysts cognitive process. Drawing on this model, a research model was developed hypothesizing the impacts of representation forms on problem identification. The model was tested using a laboratory experiment with 70 individual subjects. A special computer software was developed with a hypermedia authoring tool to conduct the experiments in order to avoid experimenter biases and to maintain consistency in administrating repeated experiments. The program, designed to replace the experimenter, consisted of functions such as presenting the subjects with problem material, asking the subjects questions, and saving the typed answers of the subjects. The results indicate that representation forms strongly influence problem identification. It was found that the use of the socio-technical representation form led to the findings of more social problems than the use of technical representation form. The results imply significant effects of representation forms on problem findings and also suggest that the use of adequate representation forms may help overcome dysfunctional effects of our limited information processing capacity.