• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2020

Fruit-specific promoters play an important role in the improvement of traits, such as fruit quality through genetic engineering. In tomato, the development of fruit-specific promoters was previously reported, but less attention has been paid to the promoters involved in the fruit development stage. In this study, we characterized the gene expression patterns of tomato alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (SlAdh2) in various tissues of wild-type tomato (cv. Ailsa Craig). Our findings revealed that SlAdh2 expression levels were higher in the developing fruit than in the leaves, stems, and flowers. The ProSlAdh2 region, which is expressed at different stages of fruit development, was isolated from tomato genomic DNA. Following this, it was fused with a β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and introduced into wild-type tomato using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to evaluate promoter activity in the various tissues of transgenic tomato. The ProSlAdh2:GUS promoter exhibited strong activity in the fruit and weak activity in the stems, but displayed undetectable activity in the leaves and flowers. Interestingly, the promoter was active from the appearance of the green fruit (1 cm in size) to the well-ripened stage in transgenic tomatoes, indicating its suitability for transgene expression during fruit development and ripening. Thus, our findings suggest that ProSlAdh2 may serve as a potential fruit-specific promoter for genetic-based improvement of tomato fruit quality.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.660-672
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• 2022

The target of rapamycin complex (TORC) plays a key role in plant cell growth and survival by regulating the gene expression and metabolism according to environmental information. TORC activates transcription, mRNA translation, and anabolic processes under favorable conditions, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process promoted by ethylene and specific transcription factors. TORC is known to modulate leaf senescence in tomato. In this study, we investigated the function of TORC in tomato fruit ripening using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the TORC genes, TOR, lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (LST8), and regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression levels of tomato TORC genes were the highest in the orange stage during fruit development in Micro-Tom tomato. VIGS of these TORC genes using stage 2 tomato accelerated fruit ripening with premature orange/red coloring and decreased fruit growth, when control tobacco rattle virus 2 (TRV2)-myc fruits reached the mature green stage. TORC-deficient fruits showed early accumulation of carotenoid lycopene and reduced cellulose deposition in pericarp cell walls. The early ripening fruits had higher levels of transcripts related to fruit ripening transcription factors, ethylene biosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis, and cell wall modification. Finally, the early ripening phenotype in Micro-Tom tomato was reproduced in the commercial cultivar Moneymaker tomato by VIGS of the TORC genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TORC plays an important role in tomato fruit ripening by modulating the transcription of various ripening-related genes.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.787-804
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• 2018

Flavor quality is import for determining consumer perception and acceptance of tomato products. In this study, 'Fendou' tomato fruit were harvested at six ripening stages and sampled to investigate the development of flavor-relevant compounds during vine ripening. Results showed that upon the initiation of ripening there was an increase in respiration rate and concomitant ethylene evolution that was associated with increased membrane permeability. In accordance with these physiological changes, flavor-relevant compounds demonstrated different expression patterns as fruit ripened, which contributed to 'red-ripe' flavor characteristics of red-ripe fruit. Based on correlation analysis between ethylene evolution and the flavor-relevant compounds during 'Fendou' tomato ripening and the other researchers' reports, the activation of System 2-dependent autocatalytic ethylene production plays an important role in the development of most flavor-relevant compounds during tomato vine ripening. Overall, our results suggested that most flavor-relevant compounds that accumulated the most during tomato fruit ripening at red stage could be under ethylene regulation and were among the most important contributors to the 'red-ripe' flavor. Due to the development of these compounds, the flavor quality at late ripening stages is different from that of fruit at early ripening stages.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2004

Some selected fruit juices and fermented red grape juices were investigated to determine the phenolic components by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant capacity using α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method. Commercial red grape beverages and red wines were also analyzed as control groups. In the juice, kiwi fruit had the highest phenolic components followed by orange(summer), red grape(Cambell Early:Yonng-Chun), mandarin orange(autumn), apple(Hong-Ok), cherry tomato, tomato and water melon. Whereas, on the antioxidant efficiency, tomato showed the highest free radical scavenging effect followed by orange(summer), cherry tomato, mandarin orange(autumn), apple(Aori) red grape(Cambell Early:Sung-Ju), kiwi fruit and water melon. The amount of pheonlic components of red wine was 2 times of that of fermented sugar added grape juice, however, the antioxidant efficiency of fermented sugar added grape juice was almost the same as that of red wine. It was found that no clear relationship could be shown between the content of phenolic component and antioxidant capacity of fruit juices and fermented red grape juices. The fruit juices from tomato, orange, cherry tomato, mandarin orange, red grape and fermented sugar added red grape juice showed high free radical scavenging effect and should be regarded as a valuable source of antioxidant.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.600-608
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• 2010

토마토 에틸렌 발생 억제제인 1-Methylcyclopropane(1-MCP) 처리 방법 및 저장 온도에 따른 토마토의 선도 유지 그리고 토마토 과색의 주요 성분인 엽록소 및 라이코펜 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수확한 토마토는 무처리 그리고 $1.0{\mu}L/L$ 1-MCP를 사용하여 20시간 한번 처리 또는 매일 한 번씩 지속 처리를 통하여 각각 12, 17, $23^{\circ}C$에 저장하여 토마토의 색소 성분의 변화와 품질변화를 관찰하였다. 토마토 외피 색변화, 에틸렌 발생, 그리고 경도는 저장 온도가 높을수록 1-MCP 처리에 대한 품질변화 지연효과가 두드러짐을 확인할 수 있었으며 중량감모율은 저장 기간 동안 1-MCP처리 유무와 관계없이 서서히 증가하였으며, 저장온도가 높음에 따라 증가하는 차이를 보였다. 엽록소 및 라이코펜 함량 변화는 a specific extinction coefficient absorbance를 사용하여 관찰하였으며 각 저장 온도별 1-MCP 처리구가 엽록소 손실 및 라이코펜 형성에 지연에 매우 효과적이었다. 더욱이 매일 지속적인 1-MCP 처리구는 초기 한번 1-MCP 전처리구 보다 두드러진 숙도 변화가 낮아짐을 보여 주었으며 과피별로 pericarp 부분이 placenta 부분 보다 1-MCP 처리에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타내었다. 이는 표피를 접하고 있는 외부 환경 1-MCP 물질이 pericarp 부분에 sorption을 통해 직접적인 영향을 주었으리라 판단된다. 실험 결과 저온 온도에서 적정한 농도의 1-MCP를 매일 처리한 토마토의 품질 유지 및 색소 성분 변화에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2019

A variety of microorganisms in rhizosphere affect plant health by plant growth promotion, mitigation of abiotic stresses as well as protection from pathogen attacks. In our previous study, we selected a bacterium, Bacillus mesonae H20-5, for alleviation of salinity stress in tomato plants. In this study, we verified the effect of a liquid formulation of B. mesonae H20-5 (TP-H20-5) on fruit production and phytochemical accumulation including lycopene and polyphenol in cherry tomato and strawberry fruits in on-farm tests of protected cultivation under salinity stress. When vegetables including tomato, cherry tomato, strawberry, and cucumber were treated with TP-H20-5 by irrigated systems, final marketable yields were increased by 21.4% (cherry tomato), 9.3% (ripen tomato), 120.6% (strawberry), and 14.5% (cucumber) compared to untreated control. Moreover, treatment of TP-H20-5 was showed increase of phytochemicals such as lycopene and total polyphenol compared to untreated control in cherry tomato and strawberry. Therefore, these results indicated that a formulant of B. mesonae H20-5 can be used as a potential biofertilizer for increasing fruit production and quality.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1999

본 연구는 토마토의 단위결과성을 평가하여 육종의 기초자료로 활용하고자 토마토 12계통과 17근연종을 공시하여 수행한 결과, 제웅후 50%이상, 방임시 90%이상 착과한 CLN431-85-13-12, CLN425-130-8-1, CLN435-185-4-9등 3계통이 단위결과성 모본으로 우수하여 선발되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1997

The results of application of the organic manure obtained from livestocks fed with BLCS in the Tomato under structure were as follow. The No. of Fruit weight, Fruit width, Fruit length and Sugar content of Tomato in the Dung of fowl(BLCS) were high in the other treatment, second was cattle dropping(BLCS), third was Pig dropping(BLCS). The contents of Total N, P2O5, K2O, CaO, and MgO in the Tomato fruit of the cattle dropping(BLCS), the Pig dropping(BLCS), and the Dung of fowl(BLCS) were high than animal dropping plots.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2008

이산화탄소 상승에 따른 지구온난화 환경이 토마토의 생육반응에 미치는 효과를 검토하기 위하여 대기 중 이산화탄소농도(370과 $650{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$)와 온도수준(대기온도와 대기온도+$5^{\circ}C$)을 달리하면서 질소 처리수준(68과 $204\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$)별 토마토의 생육,수량 및 과실크기 분포 등을 조사하였다. 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도와 온도 증가는 토마토의 초장과 경경을 증가시켰으나, 질소처리에 따른 초장과 경경 변화는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. 토마토의 지상부 중량은 상승 이산화탄소와 상승 온도 조건하에서, 그리고 높은 농도의 질소처리로 증가하였다. 토마토의 과실 수량은 높은 질소농도 조건하에서 그리고 상승 이산화탄소 환경 하에서 증가하였으나, 상승온도 환경 하에서는 감소하였다. 토마토 과실의 크기분포는 대기온도 증가로 인해 소형과의 비율이 증가하고 대형과는 감소하였으며, 이산화탄소 증가로 인해 소형과는 감소하고 초대형과는 증가한 반면, 질소처리는 대형과와 초대형과의 비율을 크게 하였다. 과실의 당도와 산도는 상승 이산화탄소와 상승 온도 처리로 현저한 차이가 없었으나, 질소처리 농도증가로 인해 당도는 증가하고 과실즙액의 pH는 감소하였다. 결과적으로 온도 상승은 과실 수량과 과실 크기를 감소시키나, 상승 이산화탄소는 과실 수량과 과실의 크기를 증대시키므로 온난화 환경 하에서 안정적인 토마토 생산을 위해서는 고온 적응성 품종을 육성하거나 새로운 재배기술 개발이 필요함을 의미한다.

• 식품저장과 가공산업
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2004

Quality of fresh-cut tomato slices was compared during cold storage under various modified atmosphere packaging conditions. Chilling injury of slices in containers sealed with Film A was higher than with Film B; these films had oxygen transmission rates of 87.4 and 60.0 ml h-1 m-2 nun-1 at $5^{\circ}C$ and $99\%$ RH, respectively. While slices in containers with an initial atmospheric composition of air, $4\%$ CO2 + 1 or $20\%\;O_2, \;8\%\;CO_2+1$ or $20\%\;O_2$, or $12\%\; CO_2+\;20\%\;O_2$ showed fungal growth, slices in containers with $12\%\;CO_2 +\;1\%\;O_2$ did not. Low ethylene in containers enhanced chilling injury. Modified atmosphere packaging provided good quality tomato slices with a shelf-life of 2 weeks or more at $5^{\circ}C$. Experiments were conducted to compare changes in quality of slices of red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Sunbeam') fruit from plants grown using black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches under various foliar disease management systems including: no fungicide applications (NF), a disease forecasting model (Tom-Cast), and weekly fungicide applications (WF), during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ under a modified atmosphere. Slices were analyzed for firmness, soluble solids content (SCC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, electrolyte leakage, fungi, yeasts, and chilling injury. With both NF and Tom-Cast fungicide treatments, slices from tomato fruit grown with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulch were firmer than those from tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene mulch after 12 days storage. Ethylene Production of slices from fruit grown using hairy vetch mulch under Tom-Cast was about 1.5- and 5-fold higher than that of slices from WF and NF fungicide treatments after 12 days, respectively. The percentage of water-soaked areas (chilling injury) for slices from tomato fruit grown.