• 재활간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how well patients who had hip arthroplasty comply with medical regimens given to them after the operation. Method: The subjects of the study were patients who had arthroplasty at P Hospital between April 1, 2001 and August 30, 2002. 20 patients of the subjects experienced complications after the operation and the other 20 did not. Data from a survey using the qustionnaire were statistically analyzed in terms of real number, percentage point, mean and standard deviation by using $X^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA. Result: 1) the surveyed patients were significantly different in the compliance of medical regimen among them according to their education background as one of the subjects general characteristics. 2) It was found that the group of complication was higher in the compliance of medical regimen than that of non-complication. The two groups showed statistically significant difference with each other in the degree of compliance with therapeutic instructions than the experimental group in terms of the maintenance of abduction after the operation, training instructions on step-by-step basis, urination cotrol on bed, accurate use of crutch, compliance with medication, balance among medical treatment, training, leisure, rest and nutrition, instructions by physicians, nurses and physical therapists, use of low armchairs and toilet bowels and no bending of the body forward, and use of a non-operated leg in case of go upstairs or downstairs. Conclusion: It seems necessary to develop systematic and sessional education programs for improving the compliance of medical regimen, ultimately reducing complications following hip arthroplasty.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the personalizing characteristics of detached housing that reflect the housing needs according to the residents' participation in the back-to-countryside community village. For this study, 15 households of Jagun-maul at Namwon in Jeonbuk provided responses to the semi-structured questionnaire on housing consciousness, housing needs, and views on lifestyle. In addition, 15 plans were analyzed about the shape of the plan, the composition of LDK, the type of access, and the type of special space. The results were as follows. 1) The number of households under the elementary education stage was larger than the number of households above the middle education stage. Most of the households revealed the housing consciousness of 'house as resting place'. Households under the elementary education stage showed a housing consciousness for family-oriented life and households above the middle education stage showed a housing consciousness to interact with neighbors. 2) Households under the elementary education stage preferred LK style while households above the middle education stage preferred LDK style. Most of the floor plans had a front entrance and sliding door for the access from living room to garden. 3) Special spaces such as a loft, 'Ondolbang' (room with underfloor heating), study, maru, 'Toenmaru' (narrow wooden porch), family room, workroom, and toilet with outside door were arranged on each floor plan.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

Purpose : As the number of the transportation poor has increased, the application of Universal Design on urban railway station has recently been focused. However, the current criteria used in domestic areas did not show the characteristic of facilities within urban railway station. Therefore, this study aims to explore the detailed criteria in applying ideas from Universal Design to sanitary facilities, especially toilets within railway station. Method : This study explores the criteria by evaluating findings from previous studies. First, the current situation of sanitary facilities in railway station is assessed. Then, the detailed criteria applicable to railway station toilets are concluded, by reviewing types of transportation poor and principles of Universal Design. Result : Findings from this study are as follows. First, the current criteria applied to railway station toilets lack ideas of Universal Design, so the better criteria applicable to sanitary facilities in railway station are necessary. Second, standard criteria used in domestic areas with newly additional criteria suggest that sanitary facilities should be established according to those criteria. Taken together, the better sanitary facilities should be provided to railway users through the application of Universal Design to railway station toilets. Implication : For the future users in railway station toilets, the additional research on types of diverse space and other sanitary facilities within railway station should have been continued.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the relationships among age, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for centenarians in Busan. Methods: Forty-nine centenarians (2 males and 47 females) participated in the study, done from April to July, 2006. Pace-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Activities of daily living were measured using K-ADL, K-IADL and health-related quality of life, using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Over 50% of the centenarians reported independence for six-items but not for bathing. With regard to type of dependency, 77.6% were independent in transferring, 71.4%, in using the toilet, 67.3%, in feeding and in continence and 57.1% in dressing but just 24.5% were independent in bathing. Age was significantly associated with K-IADL (r= -.303, p= .03). The centenarians were more impaired in physical health components compared to mental health components for health-related quality of life. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of activities of daily living and health-related quality of life of centenarians. The findings are relevant to health professionals, in particular professionals who are developing wellness programs to optimize health-related quality of life and functional status for the extremely old age population.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This study aims to provide basic data for designing aged care residential facilities in Korea, based on the investigation and analysis of the aged care residential services and their communal living areas in Australia focusing on their types, scales, arrangement and the specific design of each compartment. -. A residential building with 10 beds is composed of private zones and communal ones, and their space arrangement depends on how to arrange bedrooms where residents mainly stay. -. A lounge, 26.7 m$^2$ of its average scale, is a main space for daily lives and an important place for making friends with neighboring residents. -. A dining hall is an important area for activity as well as a space for dining. The average scales of dining room, kitchen, and whole space are 42.7 m$^2$, 28 m$^2$, and 70.8 m$^2$ respectively, and those for person are 2.7 m$^2$: 1.7 m$^2$:4.4 m$^2$, although the scales depend on facilities. -. An activity room is used for promoting the social relationship between residents and visitors. Three of the investigated facilities have big rooms of 42 m$^2$, 39 m$^2$ and 51 m$^2$. -. If there is no lavatory in a bedroom, 2-6 bathrooms for residents are arranged near bedrooms and they are relatively big including shower baths. If there is a lavatory in a bedroom, 1 toilet for visitors is arranged in a communal living area and its scale is small.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Post Occupancy Evaluation(POE) has a good role to improve or adapt the design items through the survey or interview of the resident. Among buildings, the university dormitory provides the living function to support the study in the university. Therefore, it needs to find the design elements and improve the living and study condition for residents. In this paper. it aimed at conducting the POE in university women dormitory for women and providing the building and design items for the next improvement. In addition, it aimed at analyzing the relation between the building satisfaction and the affecting factors, dividing the building into 8 spatial area such as room, entrance area, toilet and etc.. For these, data are surveyed the women dormitory located in the north area of Kyungsangbuk-Do and collected the 683 samples. This study shows some results ; First, the resident evaluates living condition of the dormitory room is a little good. Second, the freshman has a good score more than any other grade, which probably affect the period of the experience and exposure in university. In addition, residents get affect from the finishings, furniture and inconvenience. Third, the resident evaluates living condition of the dormitory room is a little good. Fourth, the satisfaction degree is affected by each size more than any other components in 8 spatial areas. Especially, the number of laundry machine is important factor for satisfaction. Second, the overall satisfaction is affected by room size higher than any other factors.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1165-1174
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to survey on the actual condition disposable coveralls of railroad rolling stock maintenance workers. The data were obtained from 100 male workers of railroad rolling stock maintenance wearing disposable coveralls using a questionnaire. The results were as follows. Disposable coveralls were exchanged into new ones in a week or 1-2 weeks. The major reasons of the exchanges were ＇Because it was contaminated(76.2%)＇ and then ＇It was torn(23.0%)＇ The response to the wearing frequency was the highest in ＇As possible as freqeuntly＇, and then ＇Sometimes＇ When workers were reluctant to wear the coveralls, the first reason was heat owing to wearing the coveralls. Therefore, wearing frequency became lowered in Summer. The torn parts of disposable coveralls most frequently were around the armhole and the crotch. The contaminated parts followed with the cuffs, the arm, and then the back. The uncomfortable parts were around the neck and the armholes. Workers felt uncomfortable because of heat and sweat caused by garment design obstructed convective airflow. Second, they complained that the coveralls make them irritated in a toilet. Third, they dissatisfied with materials of coveralls because the soils like oil were soaked into the coveralls and stained on the inner clothing. In regard of the color of coveralls, worker＇s favorite color was blue. In regard of style, the preferences to the separate style with a hood and the coveralls style with a hood were 49.0% and 25.0%, respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2014

On-site sanitation systems are typically installed to treat grey and toilet wastewaters in areas without sewer and centralized treatment systems. It is well known that, due to inappropriate design and operation, treatment performance of these systems in developing countries is not satisfactory in the removal of pathogens and organic matters. This research aimed to investigate the hydraulic conditions occurring in some on-site sanitation systems and the effects of hydraulic retention times (HRTs) on the system performance. The experiments were conducted with a laboratory-scale septic tank (40L in size) and an actual septic tank (600L in size), to test the hydraulic conditions by using tracer study with HRTs varying at 12, 24 and 48 hr. The experimental results showed the dispersion numbers to be in the range of 0.017-0.320 and the short-circuit ratios in the range of 0.014-0.031, indicating the reactors having a high level of sort-circuiting and approaching complete-mix conditions. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$ was found to be 67% and the $k_{30}$ values for $BOD_5$ was $2.04day^{-1}$. A modified complete-mix model based on the relationship between $BOD_5$ removal efficiencies and HRTs was developed and validated with actual-scale septic tank data having a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.90. Therefore, to better protect our environment and minimizing health risks, new generation toilets should be developed that could minimize short-circuiting and improving treatment performance.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2012

As changed population structure variously, population decrease is one of the important problem in present urbanization. It resulted decline of the medium-large size housings that increasing of 1-2 person household need the variety of small housing with housing type. This study was researched the Gold-Generation on theme by Gold Miss, Gold Mr. who preferring urban small housings that it analyzed survey of Gold generation who be wanted urban small housing by interior coordination elements. Data to be analyzed that first, Gold Mr. and Miss are preferred two bedroom applied by spatial structure coordination. Especially it is based on the separation between livingroom and bedroom with duplex type which is bathroom formed single unit type(shower/toilet/basin). In interior coordination of spatial elements, Gold Mr. considered the form of kitchen with huge ㄷ type instead of Gold Miss are preferred alpha room or alpha space to use powder room or dress room. Second, In Preference of interior coordination elements, Gold Mr. and Miss are preferred bed-clothes and curtains by fabrics, lighting are hanging and spot lighting, accessories are carpet with rug and porcelains. Color are preferred bright scheme both white and ivory, however preference of furniture is different from Gold Mr. and Gold Miss that Gold Mr. are ordered desk, sofa and shelves but Gold Miss are preferred sofa, bed, and dressing table. It showed between Gold Mr. and Gold Miss are equal needs or differences. It expects the basic research for understanding the interior coordination elements for preference in urban small housing as focused on Gold generation(Gold Miss, Gold Mr.) that they will be applied the interior space on urban small housing.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to investigate the difference between the standard 'design guideline' in barrier free laws for the disabled and the disabled's real experience in public convenient facilities. It is mainly focused on accessibility by the disabled people who use an electric motion wheel chair, a wheel chair and crutches as well as a visual impaired person in the public resident centers. For this purpose, four resident centers in Busan have been selected as the objects of investigation. We observed and video recorded the disabled people with various handicaps to access and use facilities in four resident centers, and interviewed them afterwards. We found out problems from the perspective of the disabled and figured out the difference between barrier free laws and the disabled's real experience. The research result is as follows. First, it is important to make the arrangement of public convenient facilities according to the flow of the user's movements. Second, it is necessary to provide better conditions for the disabled to access the public toilet easily and conveniently. Third, it is essential for public convenient facilities to be more strictly controlled by regulations. Fourth, we need to make better standards that could reflect real experiences of various disabled users. Fifth, we need to keep providing the best follow-up service for the disabled in terms of using public convenient facilities safely. This study can contribute for designers to understand specific users through their experiences and suggest improvement ideas for better public convenient Facilities.