• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1987

1. Under the current workroom conditions It is very difficult to control the moisture contents of raw materials in season of summer or winter. 2. The moisture absorption of the materials under the contributive conditions showed the efficiency of 65% in relative humidity and temperature of the currant workroom. 3, The results from this study, however , appeared the deviation of moisture content of the products by the order of 0.1% compared to the current deviation of 2.6~2.7%. 4. Equilibrium moisture contents of the tobacco was Inversely proportional to the temperature and directly related to the relative humidity of the workroom. 5. On the basis of the above results , the standard conditions of the workroom obtained from this study considering with the external temperature in winter could reduce energy by 17.4% through 38.4% .

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.380-396
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• 1994

A personal computer based color machine vision system with video camera and fluorescent lighting system was used to generate images of stationary tobacco leaves. Image processing algorithms were developed to extract both the geometric and the color features of tobacco leaves. Geometric features include area, perimeter, centroid, roundness and complex ratio. Color calibration scheme was developed to convert measured pixel values to the standard color unit using both statistics and artificial neural network algorithm. Improved back propagation algorithm showed less sum of square errors than multiple linear regression. Color features provide not only quality evaluation quantities but the accurate color measurement. Those quality features would be useful in grading tobacco automatically. This system would also be useful in measuring visual features of other agricultural products.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1981

From various sources of natural habitat yeasts, which coo 14 transform the constituents of tobacco Powder into flavors, were isolated and three isolates. YOII, M4-1, and M 19-1, were selected These were identified, by their biological characteristics, as Hansenuia ciferri, Pichia acaciae and Candida tropicalis, respectively. Their ferments were extracted with petroleum ether and fractionated into basic, neutral and acidic fractions. The major organoleptic properties of the fermented flavors were detected in the neutral fractions by the sensory test and the yields and threshold values of those fractions were determined and the organoleptic characteristics were described as well.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1997

As a part of searching for new antitumor agents from natural products, 94 kinds of Chinese plants were extracted with petroleum ether/ether (1:1), ethyl acetate and methanol, successively and their cytotoxicities were evaluated against A549 (human lung carcinoma) cell line. Among them, six kinds of ether extracts, seven kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and one kind of methanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic activities (above 70% inhibition) at a concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$. These results surest that they may be involved in natural sources with possible anticancer activities.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the pyrolysis products of patchouli oil by Curie-Point pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of patchouli oil was performed at the temperature of 16$0^{\circ}C$, 42$0^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$, 76$0^{\circ}C$, and 92$0^{\circ}C$ by Curie-Point Pyrolyzer. The pyrolysis products were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and mass selective detector(MSD). Total 21 components were identified in the pyrolyzates of patchouli oil. The temperature for maximum formation of most of these compounds was in the range of 76$0^{\circ}C$~92$0^{\circ}C$. The major components were $\beta$-patchoulene, $\alpha$-guaiene, $\beta$-caryophyllene, $\alpha$-patchoulene, seychellene, $\delta$-guaiene, and patchouli alcohol. The numbers of the pyrolyzed products of patchouli oil were increased by increasing temperature, however, the yields of major components such as patchoulene, guaiene, seychellene and patchouli alcohol decreased as the temperature of pyrolysis was raised to 92$0^{\circ}C$, the highest temperature in this experiment. The optimum temperature for formation of the pyrolysis products such as styrene, indane and naphthalene was at 92$0^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.5005-5009
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• 2016

Introduction: Gutkha contains harmful and carcinogenic chemicals and oral cancer caused by tobacco usage has been reported as a major preventable cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization. The Telangana state government implemented a ban on gutkha usage starting in 2013 but how effective this ban has been remains unclear. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the actual impact of the gutkha ban on users and vendors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among gutkha users and tobacco vendors in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana. Based on a pilot study the sample size was determined as 368 and 384 for users and vendors respectively. Two separate questionnaires were administered to these groups. The parameters studied mainly included knowledge regarding the ban, and its impact. Results: About 49.1% of the users were aware of the ban on gutkha. Newspapers were the main source of information regarding the ban as reported by 45.3% of users. After the ban, 29.8% of gutkha users switched to other tobacco products. Awareness of health hazards and non-availability of gutkha was the most important reason stated for quitting or reducing consumption. Conclusion: The perspective of ban when visualized from the users point of view depicted a negative impact while the vendors portrayed a positive impact. Considering the addictive potential of the ingredients of gutkha, recording the effects of the ban on regular consumers and determining whether they can still obtain the products by illicit trade, would be noteworthy for implementation of strict rules.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2006

The papermaking process for a reconstituted tobacco sheet (RECON) has been preferred more because of the various merits such as a wide range of Recon products with better quality. The screw press is one of the very important process in RECON making process which divides the mixed raw materials into the soluble material and the insoluble material and could greatly affect the productivity and product quality. In this study, the characteristics of the screw press process in a Recon making mill were evaluated for two different RECON products. Three different efficiency index were proposed for the more detailed analysis of the screw press process. The result showed that the difference in the raw material might result in the difference in the efficiency and the properties of the extracts and the filter cake, especially in the HWS. The washing technique which applied in this experiment showed the amount of residual HWS in the fiber portion were not much changed by the each steps of the screw press.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.387-390
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• 2012

담배거세미나방, 파밤나방, 배추좀나방은 중요 경제 작물의 재배, 수확 시에 해를 입히는 해충들이다. 이들 해충의 방제를 위해 Bacillus thuringiensis를 이용한 Bt제는 여러 해 동안 화학 살충제의 대체 방제 수단으로 이용되고 있다. 국내에 시판 중인 미생물 살충제의 방제 효율 증진을 위해 Bt제의 추천 농도 이상과 제품 간 혼합에 따른 효과 평가를 실내 생물검정을 통해 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 5 제품 모두 추천농도에서 배추좀나방 2령 유충에 높은 방제 효과를 보였으나, 파밤나방과 담배거세미나방에는 낮은 살충율을 보였다. 추천농도의 2배액과 4배액 처리 및 Bt 제품들의 혼합 처리에서도 파밤나방과 담배거세미나방에서는 방제 상승 효과는 없었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 1998

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of L-Ieucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine. The sulfonylurea-resistant ALS gene from Nicotiana tabacum was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pGEX-2T. The resulting recombinant plasmid pGEX-ALS3 was used to transform Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, and the mutant tobacco ALS (mALS) was expressed in the bacteria as a protein fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The fusion product GST-mALS was purified in a single step on a glutathione-Sepharose column. ALS activities of 0.9-2.5 ${\mu}mol/min/mg$ protein were observed in the GST-mALS, and the Km values for pyruvate, FAD, and TPP were 10.8-24.1, $(1.9-8.9){\times}10^{-3}$, and 0.14-0.38 mM, respectively. The purified GST-mALS was resistant to both the sulfonylurea and the triazolopyrimidine herbicides, and lost its sensitivity to end products, L-valine and L-leucine. For comparision, the tobacco wild-type recombinant ALS fused with GST, GST-wALS, was also characterized with respect to its pyruvate and cofactor bindings. These results suggest that the purified mutant recombinant tobacco ALS was functionally active, that the mutations resulting in herbicide resistance has affected pyruvate and cofactor bindings," and that the two classes of herbicides interact at a common site on the plant ALS.