• 한국연초학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1980

우리나라 煙草耕作地의 담배모자이크 바이러스(TMV)病의 時期別 感染率 變化를 調査하고 傳染源 究明을 爲하여 越冬後 담배와 고추뿌리, 雜草類, 담배 果皮에서 生物學的 및 血淸反應에 따라TMV를 檢定하였던바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 本國에서 TMV 初期感染은 改良말칭栽培의 경우 移植 및 一般말칭으로의 轉換時, 一般말칭栽培의 의 경우는 移植 및 1次 腋弟除去時가 가장 重要한 時期로 判斷된다. 2. 越冬後 土壤中의 담배 및 고추뿌리에서 活性 TMV가 檢出되었으며, 부기된 뿌리일수록 그 濃度가 낮았다. 3. 22科 38種의 雜草를 檢定한 結果 TMV에 自然感染되어 있는 것은 까마중과 꽈리 2種이었다. 4. 담배의 果皮에서 TMV가 檢出되었으며 어린 葯에서는 感染이 認定되지 않았다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1996

Dried tobacco leaf debris infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was subjected to heat treatment (6$0^{\circ}C$~10$0^{\circ}C$) with or without addition of moisture and to room temperature for natural decay to examine the periods of time required for the inactivation of PMV in the inoculum source. Wet conditions (60% moisture content of the debris) for heat treatment were more efficient than dry conditions to inactivate the virus at 7$0^{\circ}C$~10$0^{\circ}C$, and which decrease of temperature, the time needed for the viral inactivation increased greatly. At 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 7$0^{\circ}C$, the temperaturein a compost heap during the actively decomposing period, it takes about 15 days or more for the complete inactivation of the virus. However, considering the decrease of the viral infectivity during the decomposition, a shorter period of time will be required to inactivate TMV in the conditions mentioned above, suggesting that a well decomposed organic manure containing tobacco leaf debris may not have infective TMV and may not provide a potential inoculum source.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1996

Tobacco plants resistant (cvs. Xanthi-nc and Samsun-NN) and susceptible (cv. NC 82) to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were inoculated with TW to obtain basic information about the characteristics of resistance expression in tobacco plants by examining the viral populations, symptom development and gene expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as PR-1 and $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase in different temperature conditions. TMV populations in resistant plants increased more at 37$^{\circ}C$ than at 27$^{\circ}C$, while the viral populations increased continuously and were not significantly influenced by the temperature conditions in the susceptible tobacco plants. Infection sites of resistant tobacco leaves were remarkably expanded in proportion with increased time at the high temperature.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2004

During the screening of antiviral substances having inhibitory effects on Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection on tobacco plants, we found a bacterial isolate KTB3, and identified it as Acinetobacter sp. which strongly inhibited the infection of TMV When the culture filtrate from KTB3 was applied on the upper surface of the Xanthi-nc tobacco leaves at the same time, or 24 hours before TMV inoculation, almost complete inhibition was achieved. Likewise, 86% inhibition was achieved, when the culture filtrate was applied on the underside of the leaves. In field trials, transmission of TMV from diseased seedlings to healthy ones during transplanting work was reduced by 92%, when the culture filtrate was sprayed onto the tobacco seedlings, cv. NC82, 24 hours before transplanting. No toxic effect was observed on the tobacco plants. Antiviral substance from the culture filtrate was purified by ethanol precipitation, dialysis, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G75 gel column chromatography. The partially purified active material which showed positive color reaction to sugar and protein inhibited TMV infection by 60% at 1 ${\mu}$g/ml.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cvs.Xanthi-nc and NC 82) plants infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were examined ultrastructurally. Local lesions produced by TMV were sunken and withered. The plants were subjected to temperature shift (TS), a method to produce programmed cell death (PCD), by placing the infected plants initially at high temperature (35$^{\circ}C$) for 2 days and then shifting them to greenhouse temperature (22-27$^{\circ}C$). As a result, expanded lesions around the original necrotic lesions were produced. The expanded area initially had no symptoms, but it withered and became necrotic 15 h after TS. No ultrastructural changes related to PCD were noted at 0 h after TS in Xanthi-nc tobacco tissues as well as in healthy and susceptible tobacco tissues infected with TMV, At 6 h after TS, chloroplasts were convoluted and cytoplasm began to be depleted; however no necrotic cells were found. At 17 h after TS, ground cytoplasm of affected cells was completely depleted and chloroplasts were stacked together with bent cell wall or dispersed in the intracellular space. Necrotic cells were also observed, containing virus particles in the necrotic cytoplasm. There were initially two types of symptoms in the expanded lesions: chlorosis and non-chlorosis (green). Abundant TMV particles and X-bodies were only found in the chlorotic tissue areas. These results suggest that PCD by TMV infection may start with the wilting of cells and tissues before necrotic lesion formation.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.371-375
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• 1998

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars including NC 82 and KF 114, and Datura stramonium, Physalis floridana, Gomphrena globosa, and Chenopodium spp. were added to the previous host plants tested for the further examination on the biological characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strains isolated from tobacco (TMV-Common), tomato (TMV-Tomato), and pepper (TMV-Pepper), In TMV-Tomato and TMV-Pepper, different symptoms were noted in P. floridana (no symptom development), and NC 82 (local lesion production on the inoculated leaves) from TMV-Common with which systemic mosaic symptoms were developed. Local lesions were developed in KF 114, D. stramonium, G. globosa, and Chenopodium spp by TMV-Common and TVM-Tomato, while no symptom was observed in KF114 and G. globosa. Also the number and size of local lesions were smaller in KF 114 than Xanthi-nc tobacco (local lesion host) infected with TMV-Tomato. Systemic necrosis was induced in Xanthi-nc and KF 114 when infected with TMV-C at high temperature, but not with the other strains.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.418-427
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• 2005

When inoculated into sensitive tobacco Xanthi-nn plants, the crucifer and garlic-infecting Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-Cg) induces local necrotic lesions that resemble those seen in the hypersensitive response (HR) of resistant tobacco plants. However, unlike these, tobacco Xanthi-nn plants do not become resistant to infection and the virus spreads systemically causing a severe disease characterized by necrotic lesions throughout the plant. To identify the viral protein that elicits this necrotic response, we used a set of hybrid viruses constructed by combination of TMV-Cg and the tobacco mosaic virus strain U1 (TMV-U1). In this study we present evidence that the coat protein of TMV-Cg (CPCg) is the elicitor of the necrotic response in tobacco Xanthi-nn plants. Local and systemic necrotic lesions induced by TMV-Cg and by the hybrid U1-CPCg -that carries CPCg in a TMV-U1 context- are characterized by cell death and by the presence of autoflorescent phenolic compounds and $H_2O_2$, just like the HR lesions. In addition, defense-related genes and detoxifying genes are induced in tobacco Xanthi-nn plants after TMV-Cg and U1-CPCg inoculation. We postulate that in our system, CPCg is recognized by sensitive tobacco plants that mount an incomplete defense response. We call this an HR-like since it is not enough to induce plant resistance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.771-778
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• 2013

Essential oils are increasingly of interest for use as novel drugs acting as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In the present study, we report the in vitro antiviral activities of 29 essential oils, extracted from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants, against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Of these essential oils, those oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass effected a more than 50% inhibition of TMV at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the mode of antiviral action of the active essential oils was also determined. Essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass possessed potent inactivation and curative effects in vivo and had a directly passivating effect on TMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. However, all other active essential oils exhibited a moderate protective effect in vivo. The chemical constitutions of the essential oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of these essential oils were ${\alpha}$-zingiberene (35.21%), limonene (76.25%), terpinen-4-ol (41.20%), limonene (80.95%), 1,8-cineole (27.45%), and terpinolene (10.67%). The curative effects of 10 individual compounds from the active essential oils on TMV infection were also examined in vivo. The compounds from citronellal, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene effected a more than 40% inhibition rate for TMV infection, and the other compounds demonstrated moderate activities at 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ in vivo. There results indicate that the essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass, and the individual compound citronellal, have the potential to be used as an effective alternative for the treatment of tobacco plants infected with TMV under greenhouse conditions.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2003

전라북도의 진안, 장수, 정읍 등의 3개 지역에서 재배하고 있는 지황에 바이러스 병징이 관찰되어 ELISA 방법으로 TMV의 감염 여부를 확인한 결과 3개 지역 모두에서 ELISA 양성 반응을 나타내었다. N. glutinosa를 이용, 순수분리 및 증식한 이병주의 바이러스 입자를 관찰한 결과, 폭 18nm, 길이 300nm의 막대 모양의 바이러스가 관찰되었다. 또한 epoxy수지를 통해 이병조직의 세포질내에서 많은 바이러스 입자가 군집 또는 산재되어 있음이 관찰되었다. TMV의 병징은 즙액 접종 4주 후부터 담배 잎의 본엽에 부분적으로 반점이 보이다가 4­6주 후에는 황화 현상과 괴사 현상이 나타났다. 이병주로부터 total RNA를 분리하여 RT­PCR을 수행한 결과 531bp DNA 증폭 산물을 얻었으며 genetyx win program을 이용하여 외피단백질의 염기수준에서 비교 분석한 결과, TMV­T, V, To 세 계통에서 각각 94.83％로 가장 높게 나타났고, TMV­P계통에서 67.35％로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 아미노산 수준에서는 TMV­T, V, To 세 계통에서 각각 97.65％로 가장 높게 나타났고, TMV­P계통에서 72.22％로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 기타 계통들간에는 TMV­152, F 계통에서 94.05％, TMV­C 계통에서 68.63％ 유사도를 나타냈다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2005

Recent characterization of several genes involved in plant defense responses suggested that ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation has a role in these responses. We isolated two cDNAs (NtUBA1 and NtUBA2) encoding ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) from Nicotiana tabacum cv. BY-2. The open reading frames of both encoded 1080 amino acids, corresponding to molecular masses of 120 kDa. The E1s and corresponding transcripts were upregulated by infection with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and to a lesser extent by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Furthermore, they were also upregulated by wounding stress, and the plant hormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and the ethylene precursor, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Our findings support the idea that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in plant disease defenses.