• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to confer disease resistance to plants. Bacillus sp. JS demonstrated antifungal activities against five fungal pathogens in in vitro assays. To verify whether the volatiles of Bacillus sp. JS confer disease resistance, tobacco leaves pre-treated with the volatiles were damaged by the fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani and oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae. Pre-treated tobacco leaves had smaller lesion than the control plant leaves. In pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression analysis, volatiles of Bacillus sp. JS caused the up-regulation of PR-2 encoding ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase and acidic PR-3 encoding chitinase. Expression of acidic PR-4 encoding chitinase and acidic PR-9 encoding peroxidase increased gradually after exposure of the volatiles to Bacillus sp. JS. Basic PR-14 encoding lipid transfer protein was also increased. However, PR-1 genes, as markers of salicylic acid (SA) induced resistance, were not expressed. These results suggested that the volatiles of Bacillus sp. JS confer disease resistance against fungal and oomycete pathogens through PR genes expression.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

Plastids, which are organelles unique to plant cells, bear their own genome that is organized into DNA-protein complexes (nucleoids). Regulation of gene expression in the plastid has been extensively investigated because this organelle plays an important role in photosynthesis. Few attempts, however, have been made to characterize the regulation of plastid gene expression at the chromosomal structure, using plastid nucleoids. In this report, we summarize the recent progress in the characterization of DNA-binding proteins in plastids, with special emphasis on CND41, a DNA binding protein, which we recently identified in the choloroplast nucleoids from photomixotrophically cultured tobacco cells. CND41 is a protein of 502 amino acids which consisted of a transit peptide of 120 amino acids and a mature protein of 382 amino acids. The N-terminal of the 'mature' protein has lysine-rich region which is essential for DNA-binding. CNA41 also showed significant identities to some aspartyl proteases. Protease activity of purified CND41 has been recently confirmed and characterized. On the other hand, characterization of accumulation of CND41 both in wild type and transgenic tobacco with reduced amount of CND41 suggests that CND41 is a negative regulator in chloroplast gene expression. Further investigation indicated that gene expression of CND41 is cell-specifically and developmentally regulated as well as sugar-induced expression. The reduction of CND41 expression in transgenic tobacco also brought the stunted plant growth due to the reduced cell length in stem. GA3 treatment on apical meristem reversed the dwarf phenotype in the transformants. Effects of CND41 expression on GA biosynthesis will be discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.278-288
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• 2021

The development of bioenergy through biomass has gained importance due to the increasing rates of fossil fuel depletion. Biomass is important to increase the productivity of bioethanol, and production of biomass with high biomass productivity, low lignin content, and high cellulose content is also important in this regard. Inorganic salts are important in the cultivation of biomass crops for the production of biomass with desirable characteristics. In this study, the roles of various inorganic salts in biomass and bioethanol production were investigated using an in vitro tobacco culture system. The inorganic salts evaluated in this study showed dramatic effects on tobacco plant growth. For example, H₂PO₄ substantially improved plant growth and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio. The chemical compositions of tobacco plants grown in media after removal of various inorganic salts also showed significant differences; for example, lignin content was high after Mg²⁺ removal treatment and low after K⁺ treatment and H₂PO₄ removal treatment. On the other hand, NO₃^- and H₂PO₄ treatments yielded the highest cellulose content, while enzymatic hydrolysis yielded the highest glucose concentration ratio 24 h after NH₄⁺ removal treatment. The ethanol productivity after H₂PO₄ removal treatment was 3.95% (w/v) 24 h after fermentation and 3.75% (w/v) after 36 h. These results can be used as the basis for producing high-quality biomass for future bioethanol production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.117-129
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• 1981

토양(土壤)의 몇가지 물리적(物理的), 화학적성질(化學的成質)이 연초식물(煙草植物)의 생육(生育) 및 Ionic Balance에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는가를 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 폿트실험을 하였다. 공시(供試)된 토양(土壤)은 pH를 3.5와 5.8인 두가지로 조정하였고 이에 2종류의 음(陰)이온을 ($NH_4Cl$의 Cl, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 $SO_4$) 처리하였고, 4수준(水準)의 pF치(値)(1.5-2.0-2.5-3.5)를 두었다. 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같디. 1. 산도(酸度)가 높은 토양(土壤)(pH3.5)에 $NH_4Cl$이 가(加)해진 경우 연초(煙草) Cl의 함량(含量)이 높았으며, $NH_4$와 Cl의 해작용(害作用)뿐아니라, Mn의 독작물(毒作用)까지 받았으므로 거의 생장(生長)하지 못하고 대단히 비정상적(非正常的)인 생육(生育)을 하였다. 한편 ($(NH_4)_2SO_4$를 많이 흡수하므로 Mg와 Ca의 결핍증(缺乏症)을 보였다. 그러나 산도(酸度)가 낮은 토양(pH5.8)에 가(加)해진 $NH_4-N$은 질산화작용(窒酸化作用)에 의하여 모두 $NO_3-N$로 변하였으며, $NH_4-N$와 함께 가(加)해진 Cl이나 $SO_4$에 관계없이 연초(煙草)는 건전한 생육(生育)을 하였으며 Cl 보다는 $SO_4$가 가(加)해진 토양(土壤)에서 자란 식물(植物)이 건물중(乾物重)도 더 높고 성숙도(成熟度)도 더 빨랐다. 2. 토양(土壤)의 수분함량(水分含量)은 식물(植物)이 인산(燐酸)을 흡수하는데 제한인자(制限因子)가 되는 것으로 생각되며, 지상부(地上部)와 뿌리의 건물수량(乾物收量)은 pF 1.5>2.0>2.5>3.5>의 순서이었고 pF3.5은 연초(煙草)의 일시계절점으로 생각되었다. 3. 연초식물(煙草植物)의 화학분석치(化學分析値)와 건물수량(乾物收量)은 이 식물(植物)이 정상적(正常的)인 (C-A) 개념(槪念)에 잘 적용된다는 것을 보여주었으며, 정상적(正常的)인 생육(生育)을 하고 있는 연초식물(煙草植物)에 있어서는 지상부(地上部)의 Carboxylate의 함량(含量)은 (C-A) 값과 거의 비슷함을 보여 주었다. 만약 식물체중(植物體中)에 $NH_4$함량(含量)이 상당히 많은 양(量)으로 존재(存在)한다면 $NH_4$를 분석(分析)하여 그 값을 (C-A)의 값을 계산하는데 사용해야 할것이다. Al은 가동성(可動性)이 매우 낮은 물질이므로 식물(植物)의 지상부(地上部)의 해(害)를 줄정도의 양(量)으로는 존재(存在)하지 않고 많은 양(量)이 뿌리의 내부나 그 주위에 존재(存在)한다. 식물체(植物體)가 Al을 많이 함유(含有)하고 있을 경우에도 (C-A) 값의 산출에 Al의 함량(含量)을을 고려해야 한다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1987

KA 101 and Xanthi-Basma were cultivated in Korea and Greece to compare the respective responses to environments on their leaf composition during 1984 and 1985. Cured leaves cultivated in Greece had brighter and greenish color with 2-4 times higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids showing higher contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract, volatile acids and neutrals, but crude ash and pH of leaves at top stalk position were lower than in Korean cultured leaves. Xanthi-Basma showed higher contents of nicotine and total nitrogen, but lower contents of reducing sugar than KA 101. There were no difference in crude ash, petroleum ether extract contents and pH of leaves. Among stalk positions, the upper stalk leaves in Greece had higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract and volatile acids but lower contents of reducing sugar than lower ones., whereas the supper stalk leaves in Korea had much higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, pH, crude ash, but not higher contents of petroleum ether extract and volatile acid contents than lower stalk position. It suggest that in chemical criteria the better quality leaves are on the upper stalk position in Greece but not the same in Korea probably due to the rainy weather conditions during the later growth stage in Korea.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1987

KA 101 and Xanthi-Basma were cultivated in Korea and Greece to compare the respective responses to environment and cultivation method on their growth characteristics and some properties of harvested leaves during 1984 and 1985. The contents of clay, calcium, organic matter and pH were higher in the soil of greece than that of Korea. Sunshine hours and precipitation in Greece during harvest and curing season were 8.6 hours per day and 53.3mm compared to that of 3.8 hours per day and 320mm in Korea, respectively. The plant height, leaf size and yield decreased, and days to flower was shorter 8-11 days in greek grown plants. The dehydration and curing process in Greece was linear and rapid due to the constant daily change of temperature and relative humidity with dry weather during curing season during curing season. But those process in Korea was variable and tardy due to rainy weather. Cured leaf ratio increased with upper stalk leaves in Greece but it was rather lower at top stalk position in Korea. The harvested green leaf cultivated in Greece showed higher contents of petroleum ether extract, total nitrogen and nicotine, but lower contents of reducing sugar and lower ratio of protein nitrogen to total nitrogen than in Korea.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1982

인삼산지포장(人蔘産地圃場)에서 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量)은 토양수분(土壤水分)과 근수량(根收量)과 유의정상관을 보였다. 토양수분(土壤水分)은 근수량(根收量), 경직경, 경장, 유의정상관을, 지상부(地上部) 상대 결주율(缺株率), 낙엽율(落葉率), 반점병리병율(斑点病罹病率)과는 유의부상관을 보였다. 현(現) 재배법으로 칸당 2kg 이상(以上)의 수량(收量)을 내려면 토양수분(土壤水分)이 17% 이상(以上) 유기물(有機物)은 2%이상 이어야 할 것으로 나타났고 이에 미달(未達)인 포장(圃場)이 58% 였으며 이들은 대부분(大部分) 사양토(砂壤土)와 양토(壤土)였다.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1985년도 워크샵 및 심포지엄 북한산국립공원의 식생
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• pp.35-48
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• 1985

Plastids, which are organelles unique to plant cells, bear their own genome that is organized into DNA-protein complexes (nucleoids). Regulation of gene expression in the plastid has been extensively investigated because this organelle plays an important role in photosynthesis. Few attempts, however, have been made to characterize the regulation of plastid gene expression at the chromosomal structure, using plastid nucleoids. In this report, we summarize the recent progress in the characterization of DNA-binding proteins in plastids, with special emphasis on CND41, a DNA binding protein, which we recently identified in the choloroplast nucleoids from photomixotrophically cultured tobacco cells. CND41 is a protein of 502 amino acids which consisted of a transit peptide of 120 amino acids and a mature protein of 382 amino acids. The N-terminal of the 'mature' protein has lysine-rich region which is essential for DNA-binding. CNA41 also showed significant identities to some aspartyl proteases. Protease activity of purified CND41 has been recently confirmed and characterized. On the other hand, characterization of accumulation of CND41 both in wild type and transgenic tobacco with reduced amount of CND41 suggests that CND41 is a negative regulator in chloroplast gene expression. Further investigation indicated that gene expression of CND41 is cell-specifically and developmentally regulated as well as sugar-induced expression. The reduction of CND41 expression in transgenic tobacco also brought the stunted plant growth due to the reduced cell length in stem. GA3 treatment on apical meristem reversed the dwarf phenotype in the transformants. Effects of CND41 expression on GA biosynthesis will be discussed

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.850-858
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• 1993

Germinatin and early growth of tobacco seedlings in trays containing many cells is increasing in popularity . Since 100 % germination is not likely , a major problem is to locate and replace the content of those cells which contain either no seedling or a stunted seedling with a plug containing a viable seedling. Empty cells and seedlings of poor quality take up valuable space in a greenhouse. They may also cause difficulty when transplanting seedlings into the field. Robotic technology, including the implementation of computer vision, appears to be an attractive alternative to the use of manual labor for accomplishing this task. Operating AGBOT, short for Agricultural ROBOT, involved four steps : (1) capturing the image, (2) processing the image, (3) moving the manipulator, (4) working the gripper. This research seedlings within a cell-grown environment. the configuration of the cell-grown seedling environment dictated the design of a Cartesian robot suitable for working ov r a flat plane. Experiments of AGBOT performance in transferring large seedlings produced trays which were more than 98% survived one week after transfer. In general , the system generated much better than expected.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 1999

The effect of phytohormones, light and phosphate on in vitro production of ubiquinone 10 from the suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi callus was investigated. The inoculum size and cultured time in the suspension culture had to be at least over 2 % of medium volume at 15 days for the excellent growth of Xanthi callus. The growth of Xanthi callus in the suspension culture was improved by addition of NAA and 2,4-D, especially NAA 1.0mg/1 alone, at the light condition. The optimal concentration of phytohormone was 0.1 mg/l 2.4-D and 1.0 mg/l NAA for productivity of ubiquinone 10 in the suspenseion of Xanthi callus. Addition of 3mM KH$_2$PO$_4$ to the medium was more effective in promoting ubiquinone-l0 formation than other concentration in the light condition. Content and production of ubiquinone-l0 in the suspension cultures of Xanthi callus were the highest at the MS media containing 0.5mg/L kinetin, 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1.0mg/1 NAA, 3mM phosphate and 2 % inoculum in the light.