• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.223-237
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bone graft materials including deproteinized bovine bone(DBB), demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB), freeze-dried bone(FDB) on bone formation in guided bone regeneration using perforated titanium membrane(TM). 16 adult male rabbits(mean BW 2kg) were used in this study and 4 rabbits allotted to each test group. Intramarrow penetration(diameter 6.5mm) was done with round carbide bur on calvaria to promote blood supply and clot formation in the wound area. The test groups were devided into 4 groups as follows: TM only(test 1), TM +DBB(test 2), TM +DFDB(test 3), TM +FDB(test 4). Perforated titanium membrane was contoured in rectangular parallelepiped shape(0.5mm pore diameter, 10mm in one side, 2mm in inner height), filled the each graft material and placed on the decorticated carvaria. Perforated titanium membrane was fixed with resorbable suture materials. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after the surgery. Non-decalcified preparations were routinely processed for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Perforated titanium membrane was biocompatible. 2. Perforated titanium membrane had capability of maintaining the space during the healing period but invasion of soft tissue through the perforations of titanium membrane decreased the space available for bone formation. 3. In test 1 group without bone graft material, the amount of bone formation and bone maturation was better than other test groups. 4. Among the graft materials, the effect of freeze-dried bone on bone formation was best. 5. In the test groups using deproteinized bovine bone, demineralized freeze-dried bone, bone formation was a little. The spacemaking capability of the membrane may be crucial for bone formation. The combined treatment with the perforated titanium membrane and deproteinized bovine bone or demineralized freeze-dried bone failed to demonstrate any added effect in the bone formation. Minimization of size and numbers of perforations of titanium membrane or use of occlusive titanium membrane might be effective to acquire predictable results in the vertical bone formation.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 2018

Membrane clogging or fouling of the membrane caused by organic, inorganic, and biological on the surface is one of the main obstacles to achieve high flux over a long period of the membrane filtration process. So researchers have been many attempts to reduce membrane fouling and found that there is a close relationship between membrane surface hydrophilicity and membrane fouling, such that the same conditions, a greater hydrophilicity were less prone to fouling. Nanotechnology in the past decade is provided numerous opportunities to examine the effects of metal nanoparticles on the both hydrophilic and antibacterial properties of the membrane. In the present study the improvement of hydrophilic and antimicrobial properties of the membrane was evaluated by adding nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and copper oxide. For this purpose, 4% copper oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a ratio of 0, 30, 50, and 70% of copper oxide added to the polymeric membrane and compare to the pure polymeric membrane. Comparison experiments were performed on E. coli PTCC1998 in two ways disc and tube and also to evaluate membrane hydrophilic by measuring the contact angle and diameter of pores and analysis point SEM has been made. The results show that the membrane-containing nanoparticle has antibacterial properties and its impact by increasing the percentage of copper oxide nanoparticles increases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.273-288
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate exophytically vertical bone formation in rabbit calvaria by the concept of guided bone regeneration with a custom-made porous titanium membrane combined with bone graft materials. For this purpose, a total of 12 rabbits were used, and decorticated calvaria were created with round carbide bur to promote bleeding and blood clot formation in the wound area. Porous titanium membranes (0.5 mm in pore diameter, 10 mm in one side, 2 mm in inner height) were placed on the decorticated calvaria, fixed with metal pins and covered with full-thickness flap. Experimental group I was treated as titanium membrane only. Experimental group II, III, IV was treated as titanium membrane with BBM, titanium membrane with DFDB and titanium membrane with FDB. The animals were sacrificed at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, and new bone formation was assessed by histomorphometric as well as statistical analysis. 1. Porous titanium membrane was biocompatable and capable of maintaining the regeneration space. 2. At 8 and 12 weeks, all groups demonstrated exophytic bone formation and there was a statistical significant difference among different groups only at 12 weeks. 3. The DFDB group revealed the most new bone formation compared to other groups (p<0.05). 4. At 12 weeks, DFDB and FDB groups showed the most significant resorption of graft materials (p<0.05). 5. The BBM was not resorbed at all until 12 weeks. 6. The fixation metal pin revealed excellent effect in peripheral sealing. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that a porous titanium membrane may be used as an augmentation membrane for guided bone regeneration, and DFDB as an effective bone forming graft material. The fixation of the membrane with pin will be helpful in GBR technique. However, further study is required to examine their efficacy in the intraoral experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.312-313
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• 2006

The primary aim pursued by the preparation of separation membrane is the preparation of the membrane thin as well as with no defect. The field-flow fractionation deposition is a new molding technology which can overcome the traditional disadvantages such as multi-preparation to the preparation of great area of separation membrane with no defect. Therefor the mainly ingredients which influence the appearance and performance of titanium membrane layer are investigated by scanning electricity mirror (SEM) as well as porous material testing instrument: powder performance prepared and confected; selection of supporting body; sintering system such as temperature and time. It is shown that the membrane thickness can be controlled at $50{\mu}m$ or so; the filtration precision mainly rests with powder performance and selection of supporting body and little sintering system

• Implantology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.242-254
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• 2018

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the results of horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) with xenograf t (deproteinized bovine bone mineral, DBBM), allograf t (irradiated allogenic cancellous bone and marrow), titanium membrane, resorbable collagen membrane, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) in the anterior maxilla. The titanium membrane was used in this study has a three-dimensional (3D) shape that can cover ridge defects. Case 1. A 32-year-old female patient presented with discomfort due to mobility and pus discharge on tooth #11. Three months after extracting tooth #11, diagnostic software (R2 GATE diagnostic software, Megagen, Daegu, Korea) was used to establish the treatment plan for implant placement. At the first stage of implant surgery, GBR for horizontal augmentation was performed with DBBM ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland), irradiated allogenic cancellous bone and marrow (ICB $cancellous^{(R)}$, Rocky Mountain Tissue Bank, Denver, USA), 3D-titanium membrane ($i-Gen^{(R)}$, Megagen, Daegu, Korea), resorbable collagen membrane (Collagen $membrane^{(R)}$, Genoss, Suwon, Korea), and A-PRF because there was approximately 4 mm labial dehiscence after implant placement. Five months after placing the implant, the second stage of implant surgery was performed, and healing abutment was connected after removal of the 3D-titanium membrane. Five months after the second stage of implant surgery was done, the final prosthesis was then delivered. Case 2. A 35-year-old female patient presented with discomfort due to pain and mobility of implant #21. Removal of implant #21 fixture was planned simultaneously with placement of the new implant fixture. At the first stage of implant surgery, GBR for horizontal augmentation was performed with DBBM ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$), irradiated allogenic cancellous bone and marrow (ICB $cancellous^{(R)}$), 3D-titanium membrane ($i-Gen^{(R)}$), resorbable collagen membrane (Ossix $plus^{(R)}$, Datum, Telrad, Israel), and A-PRF because there was approximately 7 mm labial dehiscence after implant placement. At the second stage of implant surgery six months after implant placement, healing abutment was connected after removing the 3D-titanium membrane. Nine months after the second stage of implant surgery was done, the final prosthesis was then delivered. In these two clinical cases, wound healing of the operation sites was uneventful. All implants were clinically stable without inflammation or additional bone loss, and there was no discomfort to the patient. With the non-resorbable titanium membrane, the ability of bone formation in the space was stably maintained in three dimensions, and A-PRF might influence soft tissue healing. This limited study suggests that aesthetic results can be achieved with GBR using 3D-titanium membrane and A-PRF in the anterior maxilla. However, long-term follow-up evaluation should be performed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2019

The characteristics of a titanium oxide layer prepared using a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process were investigated, using an extended gate ion sensitive field effect transistor (EG-ISFET) to confirm the layer's capability to react with hydrogen ions. The surface morphology and element distribution of the PEO-processed titanium oxide were observed and analyzed using field-emission scanning-electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-distribution spectroscopy (EDS). The titanium oxide prepared by the PEO process was utilized as a hydrogen-ion sensing membrane and an extended gate insulator. A commercially available n-channel enhancement MOS-FET (metal-oxide-semiconductor FET) played a role as a transducer. The responses of the PEO-processed titanium oxide to different pH solutions were analyzed. The output drain current was linearly related to the pH solutions in the range of pH 4 to pH 12. It was confirmed that the titanium-oxide layer prepared by the PEO process could feasibly be used as a hydrogen-ion-sensing membrane for EGFET measurements.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of membrane exposure on new bone formation when guided bone regeneration with perforated titanium membrane on atrophic alveolar ridge. The present study attempted to establish a GBR model for four adult beagle dog premolar. Intra-marrow penetration defects were created on the alveolar ridge(twelve weeks after extraction) on the mandibular premolar teeth in the beagle dogs. Space providing perforated titanium membrane with various graft material were implanted to provide for GBR. The graft material were demineralized bovine bone(DBB), Irradiated cancellous bone(ICB) and demineralized human bone powder(DFDB). The gingival flap were advanced to cover the membranes and sutured. Seven sites experienced wound failure within 2-3weeks postsurgery resulting in membrane exposure. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks postsurgery for histologic and histometric analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was little new bone formation at 4 weeks postsurgery. irrespectively of membrane exposure. 2. There was significant relationship between membrane exposure and bone graft resorption(P<0.05), but no relation between membrane exposure and infiltrated connective tissue. 3. There was much bone graft resorption on DFDB than ICB and DBB. 4. The less exposure was on the perforated titanium membrane, the more dense infiltrated connective tissue was filled under the membrane when grafted with ICB and DBB. but there was no relationship between the rate of membrane exposure and the percentage of infiltrated connective tissue area and no relationship between the percentage of the area in the infiltrated connective tissue and in the residual bone graft. Within the above results, bone formation may be inhibited when membrane was exposed and ICB and DBB were more effective than DFDB as a bone graft material when guided bone regeneration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2003

Titanium acetylacetonate was used in the construction of a PVC-based membrane electrode. This sensor shows very good selectivity for iodide ion over a wide variety of common inorganic and organic anions. It exhibits Nernstian behavior with a slope of 59.1 mV per decade. The working concentration ranges of the sensor are with a detection limit of $3.0\;{\times}\;10^{-6}\;M$. The response time of the sensor is very fast (<8 s), and can be used for at least twelve weeks in the pH range of 4.0-9.2. The best performance was obtained with a membrane composition of 30% PVC, 65% dibutylphthalate, 3% titanium acetylacetonate and 2% hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The proposed sensor was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for titration of iodide with silver ion.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.340-347
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• 2022

In this research, mixed metal oxide (TiO₂, RuO₂) coating was applied to grade 1 titanium as a bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Electrochemical experiments were carried out in an aqueous solution of pH 3 (H₂SO₄ + 0.1 ppm HF, 80 ℃) determined by DoE. The air was bubbled to simulate a cathode environment. Potentiodynamic polarization test revealed that corrosion current densities of the titanium substrate and MMO-coated specimen were 0.180 µA/cm² and 4.381 µA/cm², respectively. There was no active peak. After potentiostatic experiment, current densities of the titanium substrate and the MMO-coated specimen were 0.19 µA/cm² and 1.05 µA/cm², respectively. As a result of observing the surface before and after the potentiostatic experiment, cracked dried clay structures were observed without corrosion damage. Both the titanium substrate and the MMO-coated specimen could not satisfy the interfacial contact resistance suggested by the DoE. Thus, further research is needed before they could be applied as bipolar plates.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.98-104
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• 2015

Titanium barrier membranes are prepared to investigate the effect of surface-treatments, such as machining, electropolishing, anodizing, and electropolishing + TiN coating, on the biocompatibility and physical properties of the membranes. The surface roughness (Ra) of the membrane decreases from machining ($0.37{\pm}0.09{\mu}m$), TiN coating ($0.22{\pm}0.09{\mu}m$), electropolishing ($0.20{\pm}0.03{\mu}m$), to anodizing ($0.15{\pm}0.03{\mu}m$). The highest ductility (24.50 %) is observed for the electropolished Ti membrane. No evidence of causing cell lysis or toxicity is found for the membranes regardless of the surface-treatments. Cell adhesion results of L-929 and MG-63 show that the machined Ti membrane exhibits the highest cell adhesion while the electropolished membrane is the best membrane for the L-929 cell proliferation after 7 days. However, no appreciable difference in MG-63 cell proliferation among variously surface-treated membranes is detected, suggesting that the electropolished Ti membrane is likely to be the best membrane due to the synergic combination of tailored flexibility and excellent fibroblast proliferation.