• Laser Solutions
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

Indium tin oxide (ITO) provides high electrical conductivity and transparency in the visible and near IR (infrared) wavelengths. Thus, it is widely used as a transparent electrode for the fabrication of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light emitting diode displays (OLRDs), photovoltaic devices, and other optical applications. Lasers have been used for removing coating on polymer substrate for flexible display and electronic industry. In selective removal of ITO layer, laser wavelength, pulse energy, scan speed, and the repetition rate of pulses determine conditions, which are efficient for removal of ITO coating without affecting properties of the polymer substrate. ITO coating removal with a laser is more environmentally friendly than other conventional etching methods. In this paper, pattering of ITO film from polymer substrates is described. The Yb:KGW femtosecond laser processing system with a pulse duration of 250fs, a wavelength of 1030nm and a repetition rate of 100kHz was used for removing ITO coating in air. We can remove the ITO coating using a scanner system with various pulse energies and scan speeds. We observed that the amount of debris is minimal through an optical and a confocal microscope, and femtosecond laser pulses with 1030nm wavelength are effective to remove ITO coating without the polymer substrate ablation.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.516-519
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• 2011

Indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings were made using an ITO slurry and an ITO sol. This was achieved by dispersing nanosized ITO powder in a mixed solvent without any dispersant and developing an adhesive ITO sol from indium acetate and tin tetrachloride in a mixture of DMF and n-butanol. Coating was carried out in one step by spin coating an ITO slurry, which was then followed by an ITO sol over it. Here, the sol penetrates into the nano ITO particle layers to make them adhere to each other as well as to a glass substrate. This is then followed by sintering at 500$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h to produce a uniform film consisting of ITO particles of about 50 nm and 10 nm. ITO films were obtained with sheet resistances from 450 to 1500 ohm/${\Box}$ by varying spin speed and concentration. Transmittance is higher than 90% at 550 nm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

This paper reports solution-processed, high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated by a knife coating method under ambient air conditions. In addition, indium tin oxide (ITO), traditionally used as the anode, was substituted by optimizing the conductivity enhancement treatment of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The transmittance and sheet resistance of the optimized PEDOT:PSS anode were 83.4% and $27.8{\Omega}/sq$., respectively. The root mean square surface roughness of the PEDOT:PSS anode, measured by atomic force microscopy, was only 2.95 nm. The optimized OLED device showed a maximum current efficiency and maximum luminous density of 5.44 cd/A and $8,356cd/m^2$, respectively. As a result, the OLEDs created using the PEDOT:PSS anode possessed highly comparable characteristics to those created using ITO anodes.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 1997

Non-passivated electrolytic tinplates withour conventinal chemical treatment self-oxidize in ambient atmosphere to from yellow stain on the outermost surface during the long-term storage. The degree of yellowness of the stain increased linerly with the oxide thickness due to the interfeefence color of the $SnO_2$ Even though the thickness of the oxide layer was very thin, less than 100$\AA$ , it exerts an undesirable influence on the can-making processes, particularly the stripping behavior after ironing. Investigations were carried out on the morphologies of the coating layer, the changes in oxide thickness during successive can-making processes and the averge friction coefficients with the different oxide thinkness. These oxide layers were broken up and distributed within the bulk tin coating during the ironing process. This redistribution of the oxide layer prvented smooth pressing-aside of the tin coating layer, resulting in an increase in the ironing friction coefficient. As the friction was increased, the residual stress along the can wall thinkness(i.e., the hoop stress) was also increased. Due to both the oxibe layer accumulation, which increased the friction coefficient, and the hoop stress, can stripping efficiency without roll-back is reduced.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.831-841
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• 2010

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowders were synthesized by coprecipitation and the sol-gel method to prepare a stable dispersion of ITO nano-colloid for antistatic coating of a display panel. The colloidal dispersions were prepared by attrition process with a vibratory milling apparatus using a suitable dispersant in organic solvent. The ITO coating solution was spin-coated on a glass panel followed by the deposition of partially hydrolyzed alkyl silicate as an over-coat layer. The double-layered coating films were characterized by measuring the sheet resistance and reflectance spectrum for antistatic and antireflective properties.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2011

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) use the bipolar plate of various materials between electrolyte and contact electrode for the stable hydrogen ion exchange activation. The bipolar plate of various materials has representatively graphite and stainless steel. Specially, stainless steels have advantage for low cost and high product rate. In this study, SUS 316 was effectively coated with 600 nm thick F-doped tin oxide (SnOx:F) by electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition and investigated in simulated fuel cell bipolar plates. The results showed that an F-doped tin oxide (SnOx:F) coating enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloys in fuel cell bipolar plates, though the substrate steel has a significant influence on the behavior of the coating. Coating SUS 316 for fuel cell bipolar plates steel further improved the already excellent corrosion resistance of this material. After coating, the increased ICR values of the coated steels compared to those of the fresh steels. The SnOx:F coating seems to add an additional resistance to the native air-formed film on these stainless steels.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.373-380
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• 2000

The flow melting behavior of the electrolytic tinplate during reflow treatment was investigated in terms of morphology and structure of coating layers which were electrodeposited with variation of electrolyte temperature. It was commonly found that the nucleation density of the electrodeposits showed little difference with the electrolyte temperature, and the growth of electrodeposited tin occurred along <100> direction of (002) plane. At low electrolyte temperature, the (002) plane of tin nucleated paralleling to the substrate and grew perpendicularly to the substrate, which rendered porous rod-like deposits. With increasing the temperature, the (002) plane nucleated declining $15^{\circ}$ to the substrate and also grew to the normal <100> direction, which enabled lateral growth of the tin crystals and rendered compact deposits. During reflow treatment, the matte deposit transformed to the reflowed state via transition regions consisted of contraction, island formation, and wetting . The matte deposits formed at low temperature exhibited wide transition regions because of poor thermal transfer between crystals due to their porous nature. While that formed at high temperature transformed very rapidly to the reflowed state by enhanced thermal transfer between the compact crystals.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2017

Crystallization of one-dimensional porous tin oxide during the anodic oxidation of tin at ambient temperatures is reported. Remarkable crystallinity is achieved when a substrate with a high elastic modulus (e.g., silicon) is used and the tin coating on it is very thin. It is suggested that the compressive stress applied to the anodic tin oxide during the anodization process is the key factor affecting the degree of crystallinity. The measured value of the stress generated during anodization matches well with the range of the most favorable theoretical pressure (stress) for crystallization.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.456-460
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• 1999

Transparent conducting tin (IV) oxide thin films have been studies and developed for the electrode materials of solar cell substrate. Fabrication of tin oxide thin films by sol-gel method is process development of lower cost photovoltaic solar cell system. The research is focused on the establishment of process condition and development of precursor. The precursor solution was made of tin isopropoxide dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. The hydrolysis rate was controlled by addition of triethanolamine. Dip and spin coating technique were applied to coat tin oxide on borosilicate glass. The resistivity of the thin film was lower than 0.1Ω-cm and the transmittance is higher than 90% in a visible range.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Thin film electrode consisting purely of porous anodic tin oxide with well-defined nano-channeled structure was fabricated for the first time and its electrochemical properties were investigated for application to an anode in a rechargeable lithium battery. To prepare the thin film electrode, first, a bi-layer of porous anodic tin oxides with well-defined nano-channels and discrete nano-channels with lots of lateral micro-cracks was prepared by pulsed and continuous anodization processes, respectively. Subsequent to the Cu coating on the layer, well-defined nano-channeled tin oxide was mechanically separated from the specimen, leading to an electrode comprised of porous tin oxide and a Cu current collector. The porous tin oxide nearly maintained its initial nano-structured character in spite of there being a series of fabrication steps. The resulting tin oxide film electrode reacted reversibly with lithium as an anode in a rechargeable lithium battery. Moreover, the tin oxide showed far more enhanced cycling stability than that of powders obtained from anodic tin oxides, strongly indicating that this thin film electrode is mechanically more stable against cycling-induced internal stress. In spite of the enhanced cycling stability, however, the reduction in the initial irreversible capacity and additional improvement of cycling stability are still needed to allow for practical use.