• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2006년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.63-65
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• 2006

• 대한수학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.421-435
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• 2001

In this paper we use a general Fubini theorem established in [13] to obtain several Feynman integration formulas involving analytic Fourier-Feynman transforms. Included in these formulas is a general Parseval's relation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.213-215
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• 2023

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.960-964
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets containing coarse-texture rice straw and small particle size alfalfa pellets as a part of total mixed ration (TMR) on milk productivity and chewing activity in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows ($670{\pm}21kg$ body weight) in mid-lactation ($194.1{\pm}13.6$ days in milk) were randomly assigned to TMR containing 50% of timothy hay (TH) or TMR containing 20% of rice straw and 30% of alfalfa pellet mixture (RSAP). Geometric mean lengths of TH and RSAP were found to be 5.8 and 3.6, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition were measured. Moreover, eating and ruminating times were recorded continuously using infrared digital camcorders. Milk yield and milk composition were not detected to have significant differences between TH and RSAP. Dry matter intake (DMI) did not significantly differ for cows fed with TH or RSAP. Although particle size of TH was larger than RSAP, eating, ruminating and total chewing time (min/d or min/kg of DMI) on TH and RSAP were similar. Taken together, our results suggest that using a proper amount of coarse-texture rice straw with high value nutritive alfalfa pellets may stimulate chewing activity in dairy cows without decreasing milk yield and composition even though the quantity of rice straw was 40% of TH.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of TMR on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production of goat with different forage sources. The experiment was arranged 4×2 factorial design. The different forage sources were rice straw (RS), Italian rye grass (IR), timothy (TI) and alfalfa (AL), respectively. There were two different forage : concentrate ratios such as 20:80 (20) and 50:50 (50), respectively. Therefore, totally 8 treatments were used: 1) RS20, 2) RS50, 3) IR20, 4) IR50, 5) TI20, 6) TI50, 7) AL20, and 8) AL50, respectively. The rumen fluid of goat was collected from the slaughterhouse. For fermentation parameters, ruminal pH, total gas, methane, hydrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acid were determined. The pH values were within an optimal range across all treatments. Total gas productions at TI20 and AL50 were significantly greater than others (p<0.05). Methane production was significantly lower in TI and AL compared with other treatments (p<0.05). The relatively high dietary NDF content in treatments showed significantly lower methane production (p<0.05). Significant alterations treatments were detected at ammonia nitrogen concentration according to the ratio of forage : concentrate (p<0.05). AL treatment showed greater total volatile fatty acid production compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the present study suggests that both Timothy and Alfalfa could be recommendable forage sources for goat based on results with volatile fatty acid as an energy source and methane as an index for energy loss and environmental issues. Also, the 50:50 (forage : concentrate) ratio would prefer to 20:80.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2023

Objective: Recently, indigenous Korean grass Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ) has garnered much interest as a roughage source for livestock to mitigate its adverse effects on habitat diversity. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation, palatability, and nutrient digestibility of SQ for Korean native beef cattle (Hanwoo) using in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability, and in vivo feeding trials. Methods: Using in vitro tests with rumen fluid as the inoculum for 48 h, ruminal fermentation of SQ was evaluated and compared with that of other roughage sources commonly used in Korea (i.e., rice straw, Timothy hay, and Italian ryegrass [IRG]). Additionally, an in situ trial 96 h was performed using three cannulated Hanwoo steers. Further, an in vivo trial was performed using eight Hanwoo steers to compare the palatability of SQ with rice straw in total mixed ration (TMR) and forage-concentrate separate feeding conditions. Finally, an in vivo digestibility trial of SQ fed as TMR of two particle sizes was performed with four Hanwoo steers. Results: In vitro and in situ trials revealed that SQ was comparable or superior to rice straw in terms of the ruminal fermentation characteristics of pH, gas production, total volatile fatty acid content, and effective ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD), although its fermentability was lower than that of Timothy hay and IRG. In the palatability test, steers showed a greater preference for SQ when given as TMR. The total tract DMD of SQ fed as TMR was 75.9%±1.37%, and it did not differ by particle size. Conclusion: The feed value of SQ as a roughage source for Hanwoo steers is comparable or superior to that of rice straw, particularly when provided as TMR.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2024

Objective: A study was conducted to quantify the performance differences of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration models developed with different degrees of hay sample preparations. Methods: A total of 227 imported alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and another 360 imported timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hay samples were used to develop calibration models for nutrient value parameters such as moisture, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein, and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Spectral data of hay samples prepared by milling into 1-mm particle size or unground were separately regressed against the wet chemistry results of the abovementioned parameters. Results: The performance of the developed NIRS calibration models was evaluated based on R², standard error, and ratio percentage deviation (RPD). The models developed with ground hay were more robust and accurate than those with unground hay based on calibration model performance indexes such as R² (coefficient of determination), standard error, and RPD. Although the R² of calibration models was mainly greater than 0.90 across the feed value indexes, the R² of cross-validations was much lower. The R² of cross-validation varies depending on feed value indexes, which ranged from 0.61 to 0.81 in alfalfa, and from 0.62 to 0.95 in timothy. Estimation of feed values in imported hay can be achievable by the calibrated NIRS. However, the NIRS calibration models must be improved by including a broader range of imported hay samples in the modeling. Conclusion: Although the analysis accuracy of NIRS was substantially higher when calibration models were developed with ground samples, less sample preparation will be more advantageous for achieving rapid delivery of hay sample analysis results. Therefore, further research warrants investigating the level of sample preparations compromising analysis accuracy by NIRS.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.291-302
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• 1998

식물생장 조절제 Uniconazole-P의 처리가 초지조건에서 목초의 생육억제와 종자생산에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 초종은 화본과 목초 2초종(orchardgrass와 timothy)과 두과목초 2초종(red clover와 alfalfa)을 공시하였고, Uniconazole-P의 처리농도는 대조구, 20ppm구, 40ppm구의 3처리로 하여, 화본과 목초는 유수분화기에, 두과목초는 개화시기(開花始期)에서 엽면산포하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Uniconazole-P의 처리효과는 처리농도, 초종 및 생육단계에 따라서 차이가 인정되었다. 2. Uniconazole-P의 처리는 출수초기의 화본과 목초에서 초장과 간장이 단축되었고, 수중과 엽록소 함량을 증가시켰다. 3. Uniconazole-P의 처리는 종자 결실기의 orchardgrass에서 수수, 1경중, 수중, 1수중 및 종자중을 증가시켰고, timothy에서는 초장의 단축과 수수, 1수중, 수중, 종자중 및 수확지수를 증가시켰다. 4. Uniconazole-P의 처리는 개화초기의 red clover와 alfalfa 2초종 모두 초장과 총절간장을 단축시켰지만, 총분지장과 엽록소 함량을 증가시켰다. 특히 red clover에서는 화수와 화중의 증가가 현저하였다. 5. Uniconazole-P의 처리는 종자 결실기의 red clover에서 초장을 단축시켰고, 화중과 종자중을 증가시켰으며, alfalfa에서는 초장을 단축시키고 화중, 종자중 및 수확지수를 증가시켰다. 6. Uniconazole-P의 처리에 의한 화본과 목초의 종자 생산과정은 1) 출수초기에서 초장과 간장의 단축, 2) 출수초기와 종자 결실기에서 수수와 l수중의 증가, 3) 종자 결실기에서 단위면적당 수중과 종자중의 증가 및 수확지수의 증가로 설명할 수 있다. 7. Uniconazole-P의 처리에 의한 두과목초의 종자 생산과정은 1) 개화초기에서 초장과 총절간장의 단축과 분지수와 총분지장의 증가, 2) 개화초기와 종자 결실기에서 화수와 화중의 증가, 3) 종자 결실 기에서 종자중과 수확지수의 증가로 설명할 수 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2011

본 연구는 성성숙 전 한우 암송아지의 일일 유지 단백질(CPm) 요구량을 구하기 위하여 평균체중 143.1 kg (실험 1)과 257 kg (실험 2)의 각 6두씩을 3수준의 단백질을 급여하는 two 3 ${\times}$ 3 latin square design에 공시하였다. 실험 1에서는 기초사료로서 timothy 건초를 2.8 kg/d/head를 급여(LCP)하면서 분쇄옥수수와 corn gluten meal을 각각 250 g과 150 g (MCP) 그리고 500 g과 300 g (HCP) 보충 급여하였다. 실험 2에서는 기초사료로서 timothy 건초를 4.8kg/d/head를 급여(LCP)하면서 분쇄옥수수와 corn gluten meal을 각각 350g과 250g (MCP) 그리고 700g과 500g (HCP) 보충 급여하였다. 실험 1에서의 CP 섭취량은 LCP, MCP, HCP구에서 각각 236.6, 340.1, 459.8g/d 이었고, 대사체중당 조단백질 균형은 각각 0.51, 1.87, 3.20g 이었다. 실험 2에서의 CP 섭취량은 LCP, MCP, HCP구에서 각각 415.2, 606.9, 793.0g/d 이었고, 대사체중당 조단백질 균형은 각각 0.67, 1.03, 2.99g 이었다. 실험 1과 2에서 얻은 CPm 요구량은 각각 4.58과 5.02/$BW^{0.75}$ 이었고 한우 사양표준(농림부, 2007)에서 채택하고 있는 5.56g CP/$BW^{0.75}$ 보다 낮았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2016

본 시험은 중부 산간지(충북 괴산, 해발 520 m)에서 초종 및 혼파조합에 따른 신규조성 초지의 생산성 변화를 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 총 7개의 처리(T1 : 오차드그라스, T2 : 티머시, T3 : 톨페스큐, T4 : 페레니얼라이그라스, T5 : 켄터키블루그라스, T6 : 티머시, 12 + 오차드그라스, 10 + 톨페스큐, 10 + 알팔파, 5, 및 T7 : 티머시, 15 + 오차드그라스, 12 + 켄터키블루그라스, 5 + 화이트클로버, 5)를 두고 2014년 가을에 조성하여 2015년 1년동안 수량 및 생육특성을 조사하였다. 초장은 오차드그라스와 페레니얼라이그라스에서 컸으며 건물함량은 켄터키블루그라스에서 높게 나타났다. 식생은 1차 수확시 잡관목의 비율이 높았으나 2차 및 3차에서는 목초의 비율이 높았다. 또한 페레니얼라이그라스는 2차 및 3차 수확시 잡초의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 생초 및 건물수량은 오차드그라스와 페레니얼라이그라스 단파 초지에서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05) 켄터키블루그라스에서 가장 낮았다. 혼파초지는 톨페스큐 위주 초지가 켄터키블루그라스 위주 혼파초지보다 더 높았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p<0.05). 조단백질 함량은 2차 및 3차 수확시는 16.91 및 14.79%로 높았으며, 2차 수확시 티머시, 톨페스큐, 페레니얼라이그라스는 17.46~18.81%의 높은 조단백질 함량을 보여주었다. 3차 수확시 켄터키블루그라스는 17.57%로 가장 높았다. In vitro 건물 소화율은 1차에서는 낮았으나 2차 및 3차에서는 비슷하게 높은 수준을 유지하였고 켄터키블루그라스는 매 수확시기에서 가장 낮은 IVDMD 함량을 보여주었다. TDN 함량은 3차 수확시 가장 높았으며 1차 수확에서 낮게 나타났다. 전체적으로 사료가치에 있어서 3차 수확시 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 1차 수확시 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 생산성 면에서는 오차드그라스 및 페레니얼라이그라스 단파 초지 그리고 T6 혼파조합이 우수하였고 사료가치적 측면에서는 티머시 및 페레니얼라이그라스 단파 그리고 T7 혼파조합이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.