• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Hypernatremia most frequently occurs in the immature newborn and be severe in association with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). This study examined the frequency, onset and risk factors of hypernatremia, and the relationship between hypernatremia and IVH in very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,250 g) infants. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 VLBW infants admitted between January 2006 and December 2009 to the neonatal intensive care unit of Wonkwang University Hospital and who survived over 7 days. Serum sodium concentration, sodium intake, fluid and weight loss, as suggested risk factors of hypernatremia, and the incidence of IVH were evaluated. The infants were divided into a hypernatremia group (${\geq}$150 mEq/L) and nonhypernatremia group, and were compared. Results: Incidence of hypernatremia in the VLBW infants was 52.7%, and mean starting time of hypernatremia was 2.8${\pm}$1.3 days. There were no differences in the sodium and fluid intake between the two groups. Weight loss at day 3 after birth was significantly higher in the hypernatremia compared to the nonhypernatremia group (P<0.05); thereafter weight loss was non-significantly higher. The incidence of IVH in VLBW infants was 38.2%, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion: Hypernatremia occurs commonly in VLBW infants and is most commonly caused by weight loss in the early days after birth. Incidence of IVH is not likely influenced by hypernatremia with marginally elevated sodium concentration.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Although infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at risk of developing secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little has been reported about the incidence, clinical course and prognosis of PH secondary to BPD in premature infants. This study was done to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and the ultimate prognosis of PH developed secondary to BPD in very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g). Methods: Medical records of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) admitted to Samsung Medical Center NICU from January 2000 to July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. BPD was defined by Jobe's classification. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was established as velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) ${\geq}$3 m/s and a flattening of the intraventricular septum by conducting Doppler echocardiography. Results: The incidence of pulmonary hypertension was 6% in VLBWI with BPD and it developed in moderate to severe BPD. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was made on postnatal 133 days (range 40-224 days) and the risk factors related to developing pulmonary hypertension were severe BPD, small for gestational age and outborn infants. The mortality rate was 57% and especially higher in severe BPD (70%). The time to recovery spent 3 months (range 1-10 months) in survived patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, pulmonary hypertension secondary to BPD in VLBWI related to severity of BPD and had a poor prognosis. We expect that regular long-term echocardiography may be helpful in treating reversible in VLBWI with moderate to severe BPD.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early total parenteral nutrition with early amino acid in extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all ELBWIs who were born and admitted to Samsung Medical Center from January 2003 to December 2003 and January 2009 to December 2009 and alive at the time of discharge. Data for nutritional status and morbidities were compared between period 1 (2003, n=22), in which parenteral nutritional support was started gradually over several days and period 2 (2009, n=38), in which parenteral nutrition with amino acid was started as soon as possible after birth. Results: Compared to period 1, birth weight and Apgar score were lower in period 2. The intake amount of glucose, amino acid and total calorie was higher and the level of blood urea nitrogen was increased more from 7th day to 14th day after birth in period 2 when compared than period 1. The weight gain velocity was faster at 7th and 14th postnatal day in period 2. There were no differences in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$ Gr III) between two periods but, the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) was significantly lower in period 2. Conclusion: Early initiation of total parenteral nutrition with early amino acid in ELBWIs was beneficial at weight gain with lowering catabolism and increasing anabolism. And it could be related with reducing the incidence of PVL.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2011

Purpose: In relation to perinatal healthcare, medical institutions and resources are limitative and also are in a state of flux due to the therapeutic specialty. We analyzed requests for interhospital transfers received by Busan 1339 Emergency Medical Information Center (EMIC) to grasp the state of perinatal healthcare delivery system. Methods: This study was conducted on the basis of data inputted into the computing system of Busan 1339 EMIC, between January 1 and December 31, 2009. In connection with 378 pregnant women and 136 newborns who were required to transfer, retrospective analyses were made of the success rate of transfer (SR), the number of contacted hospitals, the time required for transfer and the reason of transfer and refusal. Results: In the case of pregnant women, the SR were 65.5%. They came in contact with 2.7 hospitals, and it took 24.4 minutes. As for the reason of transfer, preterm labor accounted for the highest proportion. In the case of newborns, the SR were 71.3%. They came in contact with 2.4 hospitals, and it took 15.6 minutes. The most common reason of transfer were respiratory symptoms. In the reason of refusal with pregnant women and newborn, the lack of medical staff, medical equipments and wards accounted for great. Conclusion: Many pregnant women and newborns have been transferred to hospitals by EMIC, but the SR has not been higher yet. Accordingly, there is a need to evaluate the propriety of perinatal treatment system, as well as to set up effective perinatal healthcare delivery system.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.121-132
• /
• 2002

Purpose : Taxol(Paclitaxel), an antineoplastic agent, has been used in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers. The determination of optimal Taxol concentrations in human serum was required for enhancing therapeutic effect and maintaining the appropriate Taxol level in blood. This study was aimed to synthesizeradiolabeled Taxol derivatives as radiotracer in competitive radioimmunoassay for monitoring Taxol concentrations in blood and to determine the usefulness of its derivatives. Materials and Methods : Hemisucdcinyltaxol(HT) was synthesized by esterification of Taxol with succinic anhydride. Tyraminehemisuccinyltaxol(THT) was synthesized by coupling of HT with tyramine using isobutylchlormate as coupling agent and purified by HPLC. By using chloramine-T($5.25mg/ml,\;10{\mu}{\ell}$) as oxidant agent, THT($4mg/ml,\;30{\mu}{\ell}$) was labeled wity $^{125}I\;(37MBq,\;1mCi)$. To estimate the stability of purified THT, $^{125}I-iodotyraminehemisuccinyltaxol(^125}ITHT)$ was dissolved in 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution, and the solution was incubated at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. At various time intervals, the stability of THT and $^{125}ITHT$ was monitored. The titer of Taxol monoclonal antibody, 3G5A7, was determined by competitive radioimmunoassay using $^{125}ITHT$ as a labeled antigen. A standard dose-response curve was demonstated by Taxol competitive radioimmunoassay. Resulls : HT and THT were synthesized with 79.9% and 19.5% yield, respectively. The labeling yield of $^{125}ITHT$ was 93%. After 7 days, the chemical purity of THT was 96.5% at $4^{\circ}C$, and 97.5% at $37^{\circ}C$. After 3 days, $^{125}ITHT$ was stable with 94.7% at $4^{\circ}C$ and 93.4% at $37^{\circ}C$. After 7 days, fadiochemical purity was diminished to 88.1% at $37^{\circ}C$. The titer of Taxol monoclonal antibody, 3G5A7, was determined to 1:256. A standard dose-response curve demonstated good collinearity ($R^2=0.971$) as Taxol concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion : Competitive radioimmunoassay using $^{125}I-iodotyraminehemisuccinytaxol$ as radiotracer could be used to monitor for concentration of Taxol in the human serum.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.669-683
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study is to propose a modification of the previously proposed drainage system for catching the partial leakage of underground concrete structures. Two techniques were proposed for applying the drainage system only to the leaking parts. One was for conveying leaking groundwater to the collection point in the drainage system and the other was for conveying the collected groundwater to the primary drainage system of the underground concrete structure. Four waterproofing materials for conveying leaking groundwater to the catchment point of the drainage system, Durkflex made of porous rubber material, KE-45 silicone adhesive with super strong adhesion, Hotty-gel made of polymeric materials and general silicone adhesive were evaluated for waterproofing performance. Hotty-gel only showed perfect waterproof performance and the other three waterproof materials leaked. The modified drainage system with Hotty-gel and drainage pipe with fixed saddle to convey the leaking groundwater from the catchment point to the primary drainage system were tested on the concrete retaining wall. The waterproof performance and the drainage performance were evaluated by injecting 1,000 ml of water in the back of the modified drainage system at the 7-day, 14-day, 21-day, 28-day, 2-month and 3-month. There was no problem in waterproof performance and drainage performance of the modified drainage system during 3 months. In order to evaluate the construction period and construction cost of the modified drainage system, it was compared with the existing leaching repair method in surface cleaning stage, leakage treatment stage, and protective barrier stage. Total construction period and construction cost were compared in considering the contents of work, repair material, construction equipment, working time, and total number of workers. As a result of comparing and analyzing in each construction stage, it was concluded that the modified drainage system could save construction period and construction cost compared to the existing leaching repair method.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.23-39
• /
• 2004

Background: It is important to provide health education to students to ensure a healthy life. Using the internet for health education may be a way to overcome the practical barriers to health education such as time and content. This study was conducted to investigate the demands for health education using the internet. Subjects and methods: Six hundreds and twenty-four and male female students in middle and high schools, who lived on Gyeongju-si and Seongju-gun in Gyeongsangbuk-do province, were interviewed by means of structured questionnaires, from March 5 to March 28, 2003. Results: More than 90% of the subjects had their own computers, and nearly 38% of those possessing their own computers had accessed internet sites related to health and medicine. Middle school students and in particular, female students were more desirous for health education through e-mail. Regarding content, the three major topics which the respondents wanted to learn about were healthy lifestyles, growth and development, and disease prevention. In terms of the interval for providing educational materials, over half of the students wanted information once a week. Most of the students wanted to have the quantity of the material be one page. In addition, there were numerous additional topics requested by the students such as sleep and health, contraception and family planning, safety education, cancer prevention, emotional instability of juveniles, the utilization of medical care facilities, stress management, etc. Conclusion: The students had a desire for health education through the use of e-mail, and methods and materials should be developed for appropriate health education using the internet.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.24-40
• /
• 2007

Background : Accumulating evidence shows that interleukin(IL)-1 plays a critical role in inflammation and connective tissue destruction observed in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. IL-1 induces gene expression related to cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases by activation of many different transcription factors. Materials and Methods : The chondrosarcoma cell line, SW1353, is known to be a valuable in vitro system for investigating catabolic gene regulation by IL-$1{\beta}$ in chondrocytic cells. To explore and analyze the changes in gene expression by IL-1 responsible for arthritis, SW1353 was treated with IL-1 for 1, 6 and 24 h and then total RNAs were purified for each time. The changes in gene expression were analyzed with 17k human cDNA microarrays and validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results : Greater than a two-fold change was observed in 1,200 genes including metallothioneins, matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix proteins, antioxidant proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins, proteins for cell growth and apoptosis, signaling proteins and transcription factors. These changes appeared to be correlate with the pathophysiological changes observed in early osteoarthritis. Conclusion : cDNA microarray analysis revealed a marked variability in gene expression, and provided insight into the overall molecular changes. The result of this study provide initial information for further studies to identify therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.216-231
• /
• 2007

Background : An acceleration or deceleration of the heart rate (HR), which reflects autonomic effects, is observed before the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The purpose of this study was to assess the discrepancy in the autonomic interactions before the onset of PAF for different patterns of change in the HR. Materials and Methods : From 105 Holter tapes with the PAF recorded, 55 episodes (42 patients, 34 men, $58{\pm}12$ years) of PAF (>5 min), preceded by a sinus rhythm for more than 1 hour, were selected and submitted to time-domain and frequency-domain HR variability analyses. Fifty-five episodes were divided into 2 groups: group A PAF (n=30) with acceleration of the HR during the last 2 minutes before the PAF and group B (n=25) with deceleration of the HR. Results : A significant linear decrease in the mean R-R interval was observed in group A ($924{\pm}30$ to $835{\pm}28ms$, $P$=0.001) and an increase from $831{\pm}32$ to $866{\pm}31ms$ in group B PAF episodes ($P$=0.046). In the frequency-domain analyses, the LF/HF ratio exhibited a progressive linear increase before the PAF in group A ($P$=0.005). The HF normalized units (HFnu) and natural logarithm-transformed HF ($In$HF) values decreased from $30.8{\pm}4.0$ to $16.1{\pm}1.8$ ($P$=0.003) and $4.49{\pm}0.25$ to $4.07{\pm}0.22$ ($P$=0.001), respectively. Contrary to the results in group A, a significant increase in the HF components (HFnu and $In$HF) (from $22.6{\pm}3.2$ to $30.2{\pm}4.0$, $P$=0.005, and $4.27{\pm}0.27$ to 4.75 0.33, $P$=0.001, respectively) and a resultant decrease in the LF/HF ratio were observed in group B PAF episodes. No significant changes were observed in the LF components in either PAF group. Conclusion : Autonomic stimuli leading to an acceleration or deceleration of the HR before the onset of AF are due to parasympathetic modulation. Parasympathetic modulation plays a key role in the initiation of PAF.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.3395-3402
• /
• 2015

Background: Preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, CRC cells often develop chemoradiation resistance (CRR). Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays critical roles in a myriad of biological processes and human diseases, as well as chemotherapy resistance. Since the roles of lncRNAs in 5-FU-based CRR in human CRC cells remain unknown, they were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: A 5-FU-based concurrent CRR cell model was established using human CRC cell line HCT116. Microarray expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs was undertaken in parental HCT116 and 5-FU-based CRR cell lines. Results: In total, 2,662 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 2,398 mRNAs were identified in 5-FU-based CRR HCT116 cells when compared with those in parental HCT116. Moreover, 6 lncRNAs and 6 mRNAs found to be differentially expressed were validated by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the differentially expressed mRNAs indicated involvement of many, such as Jak-STAT, PI3K-Akt and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. To better understand the molecular basis of 5-FU-based CRR in CRC cells, correlated expression networks were constructed based on 8 intergenic lncRNAs and their nearby coding genes. Conclusions: Changes in lncRNA expression are involved in 5-FU-based CRR in CRC cells. These findings may provide novel insight for the prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in CRC patients.