• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of self-differentiation, psychological discomfort, and marital dyadic adjustment on maternal-fetal attachment in primigravida. Methods: In total, 108 primigravida participated in this descriptive correlational study. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from January to May, 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS for Windows ver. 23.0. Results: The mean age of the primigravida was 31.66 years. The mean score for the degree of maternal-fetal attachment was 76.81 out of 96 points. Participants' scores for maternal-fetal attachment differed significantly based on age (t=2.08 p=.039) and marital status (t=2.05, p=.043). Maternal-fetal attachment was significantly negatively correlated with psychological discomfort (r=-.39, p<.001), and significantly positively correlated with self-differentiation (r=.36, p<.001) and marital dyadic adjustment (r=.36, p<.001). Self-differentiation explained 24.1% of variance in participants' maternal-fetal attachment, and its effect was statistically significant (F=7.79, p<.001). Conclusion: In primigravida, more self-differentiation was associated with stronger maternal-fetal attachment. To strengthen maternal-fetal attachment in primigravidae, educational program that increases the level of self-differentiation and minimizes psychological discomfort may be helpful for first time pregnant women. Additionally, it is recommended to provide nursing interventions to encourage couples to work together throughout the gestational period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.615-624
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• 2005

The cPCR technique was used to monitor rumen fermentation and attachment of Fibrobacter succinogenes to cellulose at different pH in the in vitro culture medium. The target fragments of 16S rDNA(445 bp) were amplified from genomic DNA of F. succinogenes with specific primers and internal controls(205 bp) were constructed. Cell counts were estimated from the amounts of genomic DNA, which was calculated from cPCR results. F. succinogenes in pH 6.8 and 6.2 showed apparently higher attachment than in pH 5.8 during all incubation time. There were some difference between pH 6.8 and 6.2 in the degree of attachment, but the different was not significant (P>0.05). Cellulose degradation increased in process of incubation time and the increasing rate was higher when initial pH was higher. The pH in culture medium decreased regardless of initial pH in course of incubation time. After 24 h of incubation, medium pH was dropped by 0.24, 0.58 and 0.16 units from original medium pH 6.8, 6.2 and 5.8, respectively. More gas was produced at higher initial pH in the same manner as in cellulose degradation. In summery, Initial pH of rumen culture in vitro significantly influenced cellulose digestion, gas production, pH change and bacterial attachment. Especially, low pH(5.8) resulted in much lower bacterial attachment and fiber digestion compared to higher medium pH.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

Purpose: This study, using a pre-post test design of non-equivalence comparative group, was done to determine effects of Kangaroo care (KC) on growth in premature infants and on maternal attachment (MA). Methods: Fifty-three premature infants were assigned to the KC (24) or control group (CG) (29). Data were collected from July 2007 to June 2008. KC was given for 60 min at a time, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 10 times. Weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of premature infants were checked before the program started. Following the initial measurement, the program was given and measurements were taken again at the end of the program. For measurement of attachment between mother and infant, data collection was done using structured self-reported questionnaires. Results: KC group had a higher weight (t=2.565, p=.013), height (t=2.182, p=.034) and HC (t=2.468, p=.017) than the CG. Compared to the CG, the KC had significantly higher scores in MA (t=2.026, p=.048). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the practice of KC in the nursing environment might actively promote attachment between mother and infant as well as acceleration of growth for premature infants as one of the most efficient nursing intervention.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2019

This study presents "Indispensability" and "Irreplaceability" as new variables for studying the attachment process of digital products that are different from physical products. To analyze this quantitatively, we will set up an integrated model to explore how attachment can be formed through different product-user interactions and time value which are necessary for attachment formation. Analysis of 197 respondents' data for empirical analysis showed that system-centric interactions did not affect the duration of use, whereas user-centric interactions affected the duration of use. In addition, the effects of the period of use on the Indispensability and the Irreplaceability were demonstrated, and the effects on the Indispensability were greater than Irreplaceability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1287-1293
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• 2021

Alternative forms of travel have recently been delivering rewarding experiences and promising sustainable development for the tourism sector. However, it also depends on the uncertainties, consequences, and emotional connection with the destination. So far, the scholars have done limited empirical studies on volunteer tourism in Bali. Thus, this study tries to measure volunteer tourists' behavior by understanding the relationship between destination attachment, risk perception, and voluntourism behavior. Therefore, a study on the inclusivity of tourists' attachment to a particular place and perceived risks in volunteer tourism is an essential need to sustain the tourism industry. Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares with smartPLS software. This study is based on a sample of ninety-three tourists of generation Z in Bali, Indonesia. Both outer model and inner model evaluation were conducted to ensure the robustness of the proposed model. The findings showed that destination attachment does have a direct and significant effect on voluntourism behavior. As expected, we also find that perceived risk has a significant moderating role on the relationship. Hence, greater efforts are needed to improve the image of the place by highlighting the characteristics of the locations. At the same time, it is necessary to put considerable effort to alleviate unfavorable conditions by creating safe environment surrounding the destination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2007

In vitro rumen incubation studies were conducted to determine effects of initial pH on bacterial attachment and fiber digestion. Ruminal fluid pH was adjusted to 5.7, 6.2 and 6.7, and three major fibrolytic bacteria attached to rice straw in the mixed culture were quantified with real-time PCR. The numbers of attached and unattached Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Ruminocococcus albus were lower (p<0.05) at initial pH of 5.7 without significant difference between those at higher initial pH. Lowering incubation media pH to 5.7 also increased bacterial numbers detached from substrate regardless of bacterial species. Dry matter digestibility, gas accumulation and total VFA production were pH-dependent. Unlike bacterial attachment, maintaining an initial pH of 6.7 increased digestion over initial pH of 6.2. After 48 h in vitro rumen fermentation, average increases in DM digestion, gas accumulation, and total VFA production at initial pH of 6.2 and 6.7 were 2.8 and 4.4, 2.0 and 3.0, and 1.2 and 1.6 times those at initial pH of 5.7, respectively. The lag time to reach above 2% DM digestibility at low initial pH was taken more times (8 h) than at high and middle initial pH (4 h). Current data clearly indicate that ruminal pH is one of the important determinants of fiber digestion, which is modulated via the effect on bacterial attachment to fiber substrates.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.249-259
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the longitudinal mediating effects of peer attachment on the relationship between psychological school environment and children's sense of community. Data on 1,088 children were obtained from the 10^th, 11^th, and 13^th Panel Study on Korean Children in the 3rd 4th, and 6th grades. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, Pearson's correlation, a latent growth model, and a multivariate latent growth model. All analyses were conducted in SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. The principal results were as follows. First, children's peer attachment gradually decreased over time. Moreover, individual differences existed in the initial values and rates of change. Second, the psychological school environment in the 3rd grade positively influenced children's initial peer attachment, which then exerted a positive impact on children's sense of community in the 6th grade. Second, the psychological school environment in the 3rd grade negatively influenced children's rates of change, which also exerted a positive impact on children's sense of community in the 6th grade. Finally, the initial value and rates of change of peer attachment were significant mediating effects of the relationship between the psychological school environment in the 3rd grade and children's sense of community in the 6th grade. The findings highlight the necessity of creating a psychological school environment that develops peer attachment and a sense of community among children.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

This study is about pressure-accepting behavior of consumers attached to brands. Previous studies of the situation focused on time pressure and scarcity pressure, focusing on scarcity. The results of the study are as follows. First, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively blunt in time pressures. This indicates that brands of consumers are attached to do not buy on impulse because of time pressure. Second, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively under social pressure. This indicates that consumers who are attached to the brand do not buy with social pressures such as quasi-family groups. Third, consumers attached to brands were found to be relatively sensitive to scarcity pressures. Thus, a quantity-limited marketing strategy is generally more effective for consumers with high marketing effectiveness but high brand attachment. Fourth, unlike the one presented, consumers attached to the brand were found to be relatively insensitive to place pressure.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 1998

Controversial observations on the effect of pre-attached bacteria on the attachment of diatoms to artificial surfaces immersed in seawater have been made. Furthermore, it is not known whether or not pre-attached bacteria on artificial surfaces influence attachment of diatoms in natural seawater. In this study, we used various surfaces to which marine bacteria were pre-attached for different incubation periods. In the first experiment, glass slides were initially attached by marine natural bacteria with different exposure time (0-133 hr) and then immersed into seawater for a certain time period. The attachment of diatoms was not affected by the abundance of pre-attached bacteria (p > 0.05). The maximum abundance of attached diatoms was found on control surfaces, and the minimum abundance on surfaces where attached bacterial abundance was highest. In the second experiment, glass slides and acryl slides, either attached by marine natural bacteria for 6 days or coated by agar, were immersed in seawater. Untreated slides were also employed. On the surfaces of acryl slides with the most abundant attached bacteria ($5.4{\pm}0.02{\times}10^5\;cells\;cm^{-2}$), abundances of attached diatoms were less than those on untreated slides. On the surfaces of glass slides with bacterial abundance of $2.5{\pm}1.0{\times}10^5\;cells\;cm^{-2}$, however, abundances of attached diatoms were not different from those of untreated slides. On the agar-coated slides, the immigration rate and immigration coefficient were on average > 2 folds compared to other surfaces, indicating high rates of diatom attachment on mucilage simulated surfaces. Therefore, it seems that pre-attachment of bacteria is not prerequisite for the attachment of diatoms on artificial surfaces.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is directed to arresting the progression of the disease, and regenerating the fibrous attachment. In order to achieve such treatment aim, the plaque and calculus must be eliminated and the physiological conditions of the root surface must be changed to facilitate the attachment and migration of the new fibroblasts, The method of changing the proper root surface conditions to promote the healing of periodontal tissue involves mechanical procedures, such as scaling and root planing, and chemical procedures such as tetracycline-HCl. However, the formation of a long junctional epithelium was most frequently observed type of healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine in vitro the influence of surface conditioning of dentin by TC-HCl on human gingival epithelial cell attachment. Human gingival epithelial cells were obtained from healthy retromolar pad area(under the age 23 years). Seventy two teeth extracted from severe periodontitis were used as study material. To evaluate the epithelial cell attachment to dentin, the prepared specimen was divided to four groups. For the control group, only scaling and root planing were carried out, and for the test group, 1 to 3, the concentration of the TC-HCl was 50, 125 and 250mg/ml respectively. After cell cultivation time of 1-, 3-. 24 hour, for the indirect quantitative assessment of gingival epithelial cell attached to dentin sample, the absorbance of epithelial cell unattached to dentin was measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistically significant difference between scaling and root planing group and TC-HCl 50mg/ml 125mg/ml and 250mg/ml group about absorbance of unattached epithelial cell to dentin sample(p>0.5). 2. As time passes, the absorbance of unattached gingival epithelial cell to dentin sample was decreased statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference among the TC-HCl group(p>0.05) We concluded that there was similar effect on gingival epithelial cell attachment between TC-HCl conditioning on root surface and only scaling and root planing treatment