• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.84-96
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• 2012

A special type of indigenous knowledge on plants utilization and farming system was explored by the Garo tribe community in the North-East region of Bangladesh, which correspond to the severe dependence on homestead forest. Results show that the Garo are totally dependent on the natural resources and that the extent of their dependency is faithfully reflected in their ethno-botanical knowledge. Dependencies that the study addressed focused on various aspects of food, fruit, energy, timber and health care on plants products. Garo tribe community in Bangladesh followed agrosilvipastoral system in their homesteads. They have indigenous hunting procedure to trap the animal in the forest. A total of 9 foods, 15 fruits, 12 energy-producing and 11 timber species was found and recorded that the Garo used in their daily life. Moreover, Garo used 23 medicinal plants species and have vast indigenous knowledge about using herbal medicine in daily health care practices. The Garo women do mostly the household activities, managing homestead forest and helping agricultural field where men perform all hard working activities like ploughing, cutting trees, digging the soil, preparation of horticultural and agricultural land, hunting, etc. The overall quality of life of the Garo could be considerably upgraded if ethno-botanical issues and their own indigenous knowledge will complement with scientific knowledge. The findings of the study conclude that the conservation of the indigenous knowledge of the Garo tribe related to plants utilization can also be turned to good account in forest conservation and is an important tool in this tribal area of Bangladesh.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of postfire logging on bird populations and communities through 57 point counts in unburned, burned and logged burned plots of coniferous forests in Samcheok, Korea. We found that lower species richness, abundance, and diversity in logged plots where were controlled by a typical postfire management. As results of guild analysis for nest sites and food resources, postfire logging reduced densities of ground-shrub nesters, primary and secondary cavity nesters, but was also related to reduction in densities of some foraging groups such as timber drillers and foliage searchers. These results suggest that snag-retention is essential for birds in burned forests and that postfire logging is incompatible with the maintenance of bird populations and communities. Consequently we need to develope guidelines of postfire management for snag-retention in burned forests through intensive researches focused on some target species such as Great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos major.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2019

This study characterized the chemical compounds in tannin from mangium (Acacia mangium) bark extract and determined the physical-mechanical properties of glued laminated timber (glulam) made from sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and mangium wood. The adhesives used to prepare the glulam were based on mangium tannin and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde resin. Five-layer glulam beams measuring $5cm{\times}6cm{\times}120cm$ in thickness, width, and length, respectively, were made with a glue spread of $280g/m^2$ for each glue line, cold pressing at $10.5kgf/cm^2$ for 4 h and clamping for 20 h. Condensed mangium tannin consisted of 49.08% phenolic compounds with an average molecular weight of 4745. The degree of crystallinity was 14.8%. The Stiasny number was 47.22%. The density and the moisture content of the glulams differed from those of the corresponding solid woods with mangium having the lowest moisture content (9.58%) and the highest density ($0.66g/cm^3$). The modulus of rupture for all glulam beams met the JAS 234-2003 standard but the modulus of elasticity and the shear strength values did not. Glulam beams made with tannin had high delamination under dry and wet conditions, but glulam made from sengon and jabon wood met the standard's requirements. All glulam beams had low formaldehyde emissions and were classified as $F^{****}$ for formaldehyde emissions according to the JAS 234 (2003) standard.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 2012

Dipterocarps or Dipterocarpaceae is a commercially important timber producing and dominant keystone tree family in the rain forests of Borneo. Borneo's landscape is changing at an unprecedented rate in recent years which affects this important biodiversity. This paper attempts to model the natural occurrence (distribution including those areas with natural forests before being converted to other land uses as opposed to current distribution) of dipterocarp species in Sarawak which is important for forest biodiversity conservation and management. Local modeling method of Inverse Distance Weighting was compared with commonly used statistical method (Binary Logistic Regression) to build the best natural distribution models for three genera (12 species) of dipterocarps. Database of species occurrence data and pseudoabsence data were constructed and divided into two halves for model building and validation. For logistic regression modeling, climatic, topographical and edaphic parameters were used. Proxy variables were used to represent the parameters which were highly (p>0.75) correlated to avoid over-fitting. The results show that Inverse Distance Weighting produced the best and consistent prediction with an average accuracy of over 80%. This study demonstrates that local interpolation method can be used for the modeling of natural distribution of dipterocarp species. The Inverse Distance Weighted was proven a better method and the possible reasons are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.131
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the species of the woods used in the main building (Daewoongjeon) of Bulgapsa temple in YeongGwang. Eighty eight woods sampled were divided into four parts; pillars(21), rafters(19), purlins(16) and other wood elements(12). Four species were identified; Pinus spp. (hard pines; diploxylon), Abies spp., Quercus spp. and Zelkova serrata Makino. Pillars and corner-angle rafters were mainly Zelkova; however, other wood elements were mostly Pinus spp. The high ratio of Zelkova in this building would be ascribed to the preference of this species to pines owing to its superior quality before the late Chosun Dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.508-515
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• 2015

Post-fire restoration can affect breeding bird communities and species compositions over a long-term period by determining pot-fire succession, and a long-term monitoring is therefore required to understand its impacts on forest birds. This study aimed to document the effects of post-fire restoration methods on breeding bird communities in three areas: unburned and two burned (nonintervention and intervention with clear-cut logging and planting) stands 13 years after the stand-replacing Samcheok forest fire at Mt. Geombong in Samcheok, South Korea. According to 108 point counts during the breeding season from April to June 2013, we found that the number of individuals, observed bird species, and species diversity index in intervention stands with clear-cut logging and planting were lower than that in nonintervention and unburned control stands. Foraging and nesting guild analysis also showed a lower abundance of foliage searchers, timber drillers, primary cavity nesters and secondary cavity nesters in intervention stands than in the other stands, while no significant difference was detected between the nonintervention and unburned stands. These results imply that an interventional restoration method may deter the recovery of avian breeding communities after forest fires, and also suggest that non-interventional restoration methods may be an effective way to benefit the species diversity and density of breeding bird communities.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the flora and plant resources of Mt. Woosanbong (537.8 m) from April to October 2002. The collected vascular plants were composed of all 389 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 329 species, 2 subspecies, 53 varieties, and 5 forms of 248 genera under 81 families. Six taxa of the Korean endemic plants and 4 taxa of the rare and endangered plants were also distributed in this mount. Resource plants were categorized into edible 181, pasturing 160, medicinal 136, stainable 94, ornamental 77, timber 22, fiber 5 and industrial 4 taxa, respectively. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle and southern parts in floristic pattern of the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.248-265
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the flora and plant resources of Mt. Gamak (537.8 m) from April to October 2007. The collected vascular plants were composed of all 478 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 410 species, 3 subspecies, 61 varieties, and 4 forms of 284 genera under 94 families. Six taxa of the Korean endemic plants and 4 taxa of the rare and endangered plants were also distributed in this mount. Resource plants were categorized into edible 222, pasturing 208, medicinal 183, stainable 134, ornamental 96, timber 20, fiber 6 and industrial 4 taxa, respectively. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle parts in floristic pattern of the Korean Peninsula.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.476-478
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• 2003

Capability of material fixation in forest was noticed since COP3, but now it was difficult to understand material fixation in wide area. In this study, we attempted to estimate and test the amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fixed by forest from satellite images. First, we classified into tree species and estimated the number of trees in the forest by species, area, and digital numbers. We inspected to apply it in wide area. Next, we compared the amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus with NDVI and each band of satellite images.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

The Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin has traditionally been a pine tree protection area (prohibited forest) for timber production purposes, and is now designated and managed as a protected area for forest genetic resource conservation by the Korea Forest Service. This study, we analyzed topographical characteristics, existing vegetation, tree age, and plant community structure, and proposed a sustainable management method for the Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin for timber havesting purposes. The topographical characteristics of the target area were 36.7% ridges and 38.7% valleys; the ratio of ridges to valleys was similar, and the slopes formed 24.7% of the total area. The types of pine forest communities are divided into six types based on the progress of pine forest renewal, the competition with other species such as deciduous broadleaf trees, and the formation of layered structures. It has been confirmed that the age of the large-diameter pine trees (40~60cm in diameter) is approximately 60~70 years, which is relatively low. As a result of the analysis of the relative importance percentage and layered structure, differences depended on the progress of the pine forest renewal project, and not only the maintenance of the pine forest, but also the creation of a secondary growth forest, the density adjustment of pine trees, and the active management of competitive trees. The average basal area by the community was 12,642.1~25,424.4cm² for the tree layer and 1.8~1,956.5cm² for the low tree layer based on a quadrat of 400m². The difference in the basal area appeared to depend on the size and number of trees forming the tree layer and the degree of pine forest renewal (the degree of time elapsed after thinning pine trees). The average number of species that appeared in each community was 8.7-20.3; there were many species located in valleys, and the type competes with deciduous broadleaf trees due to the lack of management. The diversity of species ranged from 0.6915-1.0942, and was evaluated as low compared to pine communities in central temperate zones. In this paper, we determined the management goals of Geumgang Pine (Pinus densiflora) Forest in Sogwang-ri, Uljin to produce timber with high economic value, and suggested efficient vegetation management for continuous afforestation, the establishment of a timber production system, and improvement of wood production as a management direction.