• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 1976

This study was attempted to know that the interactions of various fungi, and methionine and $MgSO_4$ introduced as the substrate of culture media for fungi were affected to produce aflatoxins by Asp. flavus. 5 different fungi were isolated from the fermented soybean mash and were cultured in Chemically Defined medium (C. D. media) and soybean mash at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. (1) It was confirmed that Asp. flavus produced aflatoxins in the C. D. medium and soybean mast, but that Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae, Asp. awamori and Asp. terreus did not produced them respectively. (2) Asp. flavus cultured with Asp. niger did not produce aflatoxins in C. D. medium, but produced in soybean mash, in other hand, Asp. flavus with other fungi except Asp. niger produced aflatoxins in C. D. medium and soybean mash. (3) The growth of fungi were more prosperous in the seperate culture than in the mixed culture. (4) In the C. D. medium added 20% of cultured medium of Asp. niger, Asp. flavus did not produce aflatoxins but other cultured medium did not prohibit the production of aflatoxins by Asp. flavus. (5) On the contrary, $MgSO_4$ increasing the productivity of aflatoxins by Asp. flavus in the C. D. medium, methionine known as one of precursor of aflatoxins did not affected the increasing productivity with significance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1976

This study was conducted for the purpose of obtaining basic information on the patterns of medical care expenditures, and identifying some determinants of medical care expenditures in the rural Korea. Nine guns were chosen from the eight provinces, excluding Cheju island. One gun in each province and two villages were selected from the each myon or ub within the selected guns. The total number of households was 1,789 and the sample size was 9,826 non-institutionalized people. Followings are the major findings of the study : 1) Medical care expenditures increase proportionally with age in terms of cost per patient, per episode of illness, per treated case, and per person. Averagely, it cost 2,756 won per patient, 2,614 won per spell of illness, 4,361 won per treated case, and 413 won per person. 2) Medical care expenditures increase proportionally with educational level of patients. College graduates spent the most, 4,726 won per patient, 5,987 won per treated case, and 670 won per person. 3) The male spent a little more than the female in terms of per patient, per episode, and per person. For example, a male spent 23 won more than a female. 4) Those who were suffering from illnesses longer than 1 year spent three times more than that had illnesses of less than 1 year duration. 5) The simple correlation coefficient between activity restriction and medical care expenditures was the highest among others, 0.491. The next was 0.294 between duration of illness and medical care expenditures. 6) Attempts are made to identify the explanatory variables in medical care expenditures. Thirty one per cent of the variances in tile expenditures can be accounted for by the selected 15 predictors. Those predictors belonged to clinical renditions, such as activity restriction, duration of illness, and nature of conditions, are proved to be the most potent independent variabes. Level of education and monthly family income are also significant in terms of beta coefficient. Further studies are called for to unreveal the determinants of medical expenditures.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 1995

배수형터널의 설계개념은 배수시 설비 정상적으로 가동된다는 가정하에서 터널 라이닝에 작용하는 수압의 영향을 고려하지 않는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 이와 같은 설계개념은 지하수위가 터널 하단부 아래로 저하되는 경우에는 합당하지만, 지하수의 공급원이 충분하여 지하수위 저하가 크지 않은 정상류 상태인 하천 인접구간 등에서는 침투력이 라이닝에 작용할 수 있으므로 이 경우 수압을 고려하지 않으면 터널 안정에 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주변 지하수위 저하가 거의 없는 서울지하철 $\bigcirc$호선중 4개 공구중 대표 단면 2개에 대해 배수형터널 내부의 과다유입수가 터널 안정성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 침투류 해석 및 라이닝 검토를 유한요소법을 이용하여 검토하였다. 그 결과 터널의 라이닝에 대한 수압이 당초 설계에 비해 다소 크게 나타났으며 터널구조물의 장기적인 안전을 위하여는 차수공의 설치 또는 영구계측 등의 대책이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 2010

This qualitative research was designed to explore the use of housing among Korean Chinese people in Harbin, China. Focusing on the use which based on the epistemology of housing adjustment, this was particularly designed to examine its cultural assimilation and acculturation on the way of life course, it employed the in-depth interview on the oral history of 5 interviewees in their 60s and 70s, individualized interviews were conducted from May 28 to 31 in 2010. Key findings were summarized as follows; 1. The free market reform in China resulted in privatization that allowed respondents to become homeowners, and the ownership was viewed as part of family asset centered upon a sense of solidarity. 2. Although homeowners in multi-story houses were responsible to decorate interior spaces, the common features in using interior spaces were found: entrance had no thresholds; kitchen was small, lack of storage cabinets, tile-flooring; washers were installed inside bathroom; and newly built apartment didn't have proper space to store Korean fermented foods. It was observed that housing adaptation outweighed housing adjustment. Those who used to live in Chinese houses with indoor-wearing-shoes or Russian houses with indoor-wearing-slippers were receptive to the use of dining table and bed, and the community heating system discouraged the use of individual electric water heater because of high electricity cost. 3. In daily life, eating habit wasn't much changed to the Chinese style, meals were shared, dish sterilizer was popular, and Kimchi fridge wasn't used. Because of the influence of the Chinese culture, such Korean traditions as ancestral rites and bedroom allocation tradition faded away, but traditional family values remained unchanged. In conclusion, Korean Chinese people experience normative housing deficits and adaptation selectively incurred. It's implied that residential design meets the needs resulting from the dual culture in terms of cultural assimilation and acculturation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.821-824
• /
• 2005

누에 동충하초(Paecilomyces japonica) 섭취 후 공복혈당은 $27.5\%$, 식후혈당은 $35.5\%$로 감소하였으며, 복용 중단 2주 후에도 실험전 혈당 수준과 비교할 때 각각 $18.2\%,\;27.2\%$ 저하된 상태를 유지하고 있었다. 이는 복용할 때 뿐 아니라 복용 후 어느 정도 기간까지는 지속적으로 혈당 강하 효과가 있음을 의미한다. 남자 당뇨병 환자의 공복혈당은 $28.5\%$, 식후혈당은 $33.5\%$ 감소되었고, 여자 환자의 공복혈당은 $26.1\%$, 식후혈당은 $37.3\%$ 감소되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 누에 동충하초는 인슬린비의존형 성인 당뇨병 환자의 혈당을 감소시키는데 유용한 기능성 식품으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 건축공사 프로젝트의 기본 설계 단계에서의 개산견적 개념모델을 제안하고, 제안된 개산견적 개념을 적용하여 실제 주상복합 건물 프로젝트의 실적자료의 분석을 바탕으로 한 프로토타입 개발을 목적으로 한다. 국내의 건설산업은 급격한 시장 변화와 경쟁 심화의 과정을 겪고 있다. 특히 프로젝트의 조달 방식의 변화와 함께 입찰과 관련한 정보가 부족한 사업초기, 기본설계 단계에서 중요한 의사 결정이 이루어지며, 이러한 의사 결정의 기준이 되는 개산 견적의 중요성이 더욱 증가 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 개산견적 방법을 분석하고 그것을 보완할 수 있는 공사 수량 변화 분석에 기반 한 개산견적 방법을 제안하고 프로토타입을 구축하였다. 또한, 이 연구에서는 기존의 공종별 공사비 분류체계에 빌딩구성요소(BE)별 및 층별 수량 분류를 추가하고 있다. 이러한 개념을 바탕으로 제안 모델을 Q-BASE (Quantity Based Active Schematic Estimating) 모델로 정의하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This is a study on the planning of temporary housing for post application of Mega Sports facilities. The subject of the study is 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, which is to suggest building an alternative temporary housing using shipping containers(high cube), which solve the lack of accommodations and recycle temporary housing after Olympics, save money and be eco-friendly in Olympics. Method: This study includes this ; research on the a fact-finding survey about Mega sports facilities post application and demand survey on 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics accomodations and an analysis about temporary housing plan. Furthermore we decided temporary housing building plan by analyzing residents' needs and traits of the housing etc. Through this, we made a schematic design for household units. Result: As a result, this study is a plan of making space, forms, and structure. The planned size is $38.4m^2$(L:12m, W:3.2m) except balcony, and indoor height is 2.5m. The space consists of entrance, bathroom, bedroom and living room with folding furniture system. Also there's a detailed floor plan of the ceiling, wall, and floor we drew up. The ceiling and wall consist of dampproof film, noncombustible board, fire proof urethane form, and color-designed sheet. The floor is composed of floor tile, cement mortar, light concrete(with heat coil), insulation, and dampproof film. Additionally, this study is a plan of interior dry wall with detail using modular construction method for work efficiency and quality improvement.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제51권10호
• /
• pp.492-499
• /
• 2002

This paper presents the method for an estimation of discharge current waveform in short gap discharge by radiated electromagnetic fields. The method of current waveform estimation is to use the one antenna method (single field method) with a measured electric or magnetic field at given field point by a time domain antenna. In order to verify the availability of the estimation theory, the discharge current waveform estimation was performed by one antenna methods using the measured electric fields of Wilson & Ma and compared with experiments. In addition diagnosis technique for power equipments is able to prevent from large accidents by finding signs of tile accidents before they happen. From the results of the estimation of discharge current, we have a possibility for the application of insulation diagnosis technique for power equipments using S$F_6$ gas. From this point of view, this paper simulated discharge progress and partial discharge by using needle-plan electrodes system in S$F_6$, studied the distribution of frequency spectrum of the radiated electromagnetic waves using a biconical antenna and a spectrum analyzer. From the experimental results of this study, according to the consideration of the mutual relation between frequency spectrum of the radiated electromagnetic waves and discharge progress, it was confirmed that detecting Partial discharge and estimating discharge progress in S$F_6$ could be Possible.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.321-337
• /
• 1992

The objective of this study was to compare the condylar path and the anterior angle of articular fossa and to analyze the pattern of condylar path in edentulus patients. Nineteen male and female edentulous patients with normal masticatory system ranging in age 42 to 78, without present symptoms and any history of TMJ disturbance were selected for this study. On the computer analysis on the transcranial radiographs of the TMJ, the angle of slope of articular eminance and condylar path to the Frankfort Horizontal Plane and the height of glenoid fossa was measured respectively, and stuied their interrelationship comparatively. Obtained results were asfollows. 1. The angle of the slope of articular eminence averaged 37.28 degree. and there was no significant difference between the right and left side. 2. The condylar path angle averaged 29.05 degree and there was no significant difference between the right and left side. 3. The height of the glenoid fossa averaged 8.11 mm and there was no significant difference between the right and left side. 4. The sequence of the frequence of condylar movement patterns were concavex curve(39.5% ), 'S' shape curve(34.2%), reverse 'S' shape(15.8%) and convex curve(10.5%). 5. The horizontal distance of the point of the changed curve of the condylar path averaged 2.91 mm. 6. The height of glenoid fossa was highly correlated to the slope of articular eminence and relatively highly correlated to tile condylar path and the condylar path was closely correlated to the slop of articular eminence.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 1967

Outward movement of hemoglobin and $K^+$ ion across rabbit erythrocyte membrane after heating, cooling and in acid medium was studied. One milliliter of rabbit blood was centrifuged and packed red cells were obtained. Packed red cells were resuspended by addition of 4 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution and were subjected to heating $(57^{\circ}C\;for\;5\;minutes)$ or cooling $(-4^{\circ}C{\sim}-8^{\circ}C\;of\;-10^{\circ}C{\sim}-11^{\circ}C\;for\;10\;minutes) $. For acid medium experiment packed ref cells were resuspended by addition of 4 ml of acid medium of PH 4.5 consisting of 0.01% glacial acetic acid in 0.85% NaCl solution and kept standing for 10 minutes. All red cell suspensions were centrifuged again and packed red cells were separated. This packed red cells were again suspended in 4 ml of NaCl solution of 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, and 0.5% concentration respectively and kept standing for 20 minutes. The concentration of hemoglobin and $K^+$ in the supernatant of the above red cell suspensions were measured and the following results were obtained. 1. Outward movement of hemoglobin and $K^+$ was greatest in red cells subjected to heating. The movement paralled to the osmolal concentration gradient between extra- and intra-cellular phase of red cells. 2. In acid medium the outflux of hemoglobin and $K^+$ increased as compared to the control. 3. In red cells subjected to the cold of $-10^{\circ}C{\sim}-11^{\circ}C$ the outflux of hemoglobin and $K^+$ increased. Whereas in the environment of $-4^{\circ}C{\sim}-8^{\circ}C$ there was no change in the outflux of $K^+$. The he-moglobin outflux showed rather a decreased as compared to tile control.